The human eye is an organ that reacts to light in many circumstances. As a conscious sense organ the human eye allows vision; rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision, including color differentiation and the perception of depth. The human eye can distinguish about 10 million colors.
This ppt file belongs to Mr. Yonas Akalu one of my best instructors ...
Vision is by far the most used of the five senses and is one of the primary means that we use to gather information from our surroundings. More than 75% of the information we receive about the world around us consists of visual information.
The eye is often compared to a camera. Each gathers light and then transforms that light into a "picture." Both also have lenses to focus the incoming light. Just as a camera focuses light onto the film to create a picture, the eye focuses light onto a specialized layer of cells, called the retina.
The human eye is an organ which reacts to light and pressure. As a sense organ, the mammalian eye allows vision. Human eyes help to provide a three dimensional, moving image, normally coloured in daylight. Rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision including color differentiation and the perception of depth. The human eye can differentiate between about 10 million colors[1] and is possibly capable of detecting a single photon.
The human eye is an organ that reacts to light in many circumstances. As a conscious sense organ, the human eye allows vision; rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision, including color differentiation and the perception of depth. The human eye can distinguish about 10 million colors.
he sense organs — eyes, ears, tongue, skin, and nose — help to protect the body. The human sense organs contain receptors that relay information through sensory neurons to the appropriate places within the nervous system.
Each sense organ contains different receptors.
General receptors are found throughout the body because they are present in skin, visceral organs (visceral meaning in the abdominal cavity), muscles, and joints.
Special receptors include chemoreceptors (chemical receptors) found in the mouth and nose, photoreceptors (light receptors) found in the eyes, and mechanoreceptors found in the ears.
This ppt file belongs to Mr. Yonas Akalu one of my best instructors ...
Vision is by far the most used of the five senses and is one of the primary means that we use to gather information from our surroundings. More than 75% of the information we receive about the world around us consists of visual information.
The eye is often compared to a camera. Each gathers light and then transforms that light into a "picture." Both also have lenses to focus the incoming light. Just as a camera focuses light onto the film to create a picture, the eye focuses light onto a specialized layer of cells, called the retina.
The human eye is an organ which reacts to light and pressure. As a sense organ, the mammalian eye allows vision. Human eyes help to provide a three dimensional, moving image, normally coloured in daylight. Rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision including color differentiation and the perception of depth. The human eye can differentiate between about 10 million colors[1] and is possibly capable of detecting a single photon.
The human eye is an organ that reacts to light in many circumstances. As a conscious sense organ, the human eye allows vision; rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision, including color differentiation and the perception of depth. The human eye can distinguish about 10 million colors.
he sense organs — eyes, ears, tongue, skin, and nose — help to protect the body. The human sense organs contain receptors that relay information through sensory neurons to the appropriate places within the nervous system.
Each sense organ contains different receptors.
General receptors are found throughout the body because they are present in skin, visceral organs (visceral meaning in the abdominal cavity), muscles, and joints.
Special receptors include chemoreceptors (chemical receptors) found in the mouth and nose, photoreceptors (light receptors) found in the eyes, and mechanoreceptors found in the ears.
The outer ear
- pinna
- ear canal
- eardrum
2. The middle ear
- three ossicle bones;
(malleus, incus, stapes)
- two major muscles
(stapedial muscle, tensor
tympani)
- Eustachian tube
3. The inner ear
- cochlea (hearing)
- vestibular system (balance)
4. The central auditory system• PINNA: Important for sound
gathering and localization of
sound
• EAR CANAL or AUDITORY
MEATUS: important for
sound selection
• EARDRUM or TYMPANIC
MEMBRANE:
vibrates in response to
sound/pressure chan
special sense organs (anatomy and physiology) - a brief discussion Pallab Nath
brief discussion on special senses, Basic level class for technicians. topics discussed include eyes and vision, nose and sense of smell, tongue and sense of taste and ears and hearing
This is about the general physiology of sense organs for medical and paramedical professional beginners who choose pharmacy, nursing and physiotherapy to study.
The outer ear
- pinna
- ear canal
- eardrum
2. The middle ear
- three ossicle bones;
(malleus, incus, stapes)
- two major muscles
(stapedial muscle, tensor
tympani)
- Eustachian tube
3. The inner ear
- cochlea (hearing)
- vestibular system (balance)
4. The central auditory system• PINNA: Important for sound
gathering and localization of
sound
• EAR CANAL or AUDITORY
MEATUS: important for
sound selection
• EARDRUM or TYMPANIC
MEMBRANE:
vibrates in response to
sound/pressure chan
special sense organs (anatomy and physiology) - a brief discussion Pallab Nath
brief discussion on special senses, Basic level class for technicians. topics discussed include eyes and vision, nose and sense of smell, tongue and sense of taste and ears and hearing
This is about the general physiology of sense organs for medical and paramedical professional beginners who choose pharmacy, nursing and physiotherapy to study.
The eye is our organ of sight. The eye has a number of components which include but are not limited to the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina, macula, optic nerve, choroid and vitreous.
structure of eye ball,eyeball is a specialized sense organ that helps us to understand our environment. It is a sensory unit composed of three parts: receptor, sensory pathway, and a brain center
The main parts of the human eye are The Conjunctiva,
Sclera,Choroid,
Cornea, Iris, Pupil,
Anterior Chamber,
Posterior Chamber, Aqueous humor, Lens, Vitreous humor, Retina,Macula and Optic nerve.
Eye Anatomy and Physiology in b.pharm 1 semester and 2 semester of pharmacy education.
This slide help to more to make notes and easily read out this subject.
A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. This typically includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history, but not deeper investigation such as neuroimaging.
First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person with either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery.
Nurse Managers are required to be aware of the techniques that can help them ensure effective management of educational/service unit. Communication is one of the most important activities in the nursing management. It is the foundation upon which the manager achieves organizational objectives.
Communication is a process of change. In order to achieve the desired result, the communication necessarily is effective and purposive.
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. Sometimes, the walls of these blood vessels stretch so thin that the veins bulge and get irritated, especially when you poop. Hemorrhoids are also called piles.
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) is the pre-eminent resuscitation course for the recognition and intervention of cardiopulmonary arrest or other cardiovascular emergencies.
Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ on the right side of your abdomen, just beneath the liver. The gallbladder holds a digestive fluid called bile that's released into the small intestine.
Pancreatitis is inflammation in the pancreas. The pancreas is a long, flat gland that sits tucked behind the stomach in the upper abdomen. The pancreas produces enzymes that help digestion and hormones that help regulate the way your body processes sugar (glucose).
Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism.
The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture and circulates blood throughout the body.
The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring. In humans, the female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to carry a fetes to full term.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease. It causes irritation, inflammation, and ulcers in the lining of your large intestine (also called your colon). There's no cure, and people usually have symptoms off and on for life
The ear is the organ of hearing and, in mammals, balance. In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three parts the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal.
The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of most vertebrates that manipulates food for mastication and is used in the act of swallowing. It has importance in the digestive system and is the primary organ of taste in the gustatory system.
Human ear, organ of hearing and equilibrium that detects and analyzes sound by transduction (or the conversion of sound waves into electrochemical impulses) and maintains the sense of balance (equilibrium).
The integumentary system is an organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. The skin is only a few millimeters thick yet is by far the largest organ in the body. The average person's skin weighs 10 pounds and has a surface area of almost 20 square feet.
Immunity can be defined as a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and tolerate whatever belongs to the self, and to recognize and reject what is foreign.
The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body.
The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. • The eye is the organ of sight. It is situated in
the orbital cavity and supplied by the optic
nerve (2nd cranial nerve).
• It is almost spherical in shape and about 2.5
cm in diameter. The space between the eye and
the orbital cavity is occupied by adipose tissue.
The bony walls of the orbit and the fat help to
protect the eye from injury.
3. 1. Outer fibrous layer: sclera and cornea.
2. Middle vascular layer or uveal tract:
consisting of the choroid, ciliary body and
iris.
3. Inner nervous tissue layer: retina.
4.
5. SCLERA – a tough white skin (made
of tissue) that covers all of the eyeball
except the cornea.
Whites of the eye
Supports eyeball
Provides
attachment for
muscles
SCLERA (white part)
7. Transparent covering of the
front of the eye
Allows for the passage of
light into the eye and
functions as a fixed lens.
CORNEA
(clear lens in front of eye)
8. Allows for the passage
of light into the eye
and it also focuses the
light
9. Choroid
chocolate brown in color)
• Choroid lines the
posterior five-sixths of the
inner surface of the sclera.
• It is very rich
vessels and
in blood
is deep
chocolate brown in colour.
10. Light enters the eye through the pupil,
stimulates the sensory receptors in the retina
and is then absorbed by the choroid.
11. colored part of
eye
controls light
entering
IRIS
(colored part)
12. controls the amount of
light entering the eye
Parasympathetic
stimulation constricts the
pupil and sympathetic
stimulation dilates it
13. Pupil size is
controlled by iris
muscles
Black hole in iris
Where light enters
PUPIL (black hole)
15. PUPIL
When the eye needs
more light to enter
(when it is dark), the
pupils get larger;
allowing more light to
enter the eye
16. When the eye needs
less light
(when it
bright), the
to enter
is very
pupils
get smaller; allowing
less light to enter the
eye
17. elastic
lens is a highly
circular
biconvex body,
lying immediately
behind the pupil
allows us to see
objects near and
far
LENS
(lens behind pupil)
19. Internal membrane
Contains light-receptive cells, rods cell (120 million) and
cone cell (6 million)
Rod cell help[ to see in dim light and cone cell help to
see in bright light.
Converts light to electrical signals.
RETINA
21. The eye is supplied with arterial blood
by the ciliary arteries and the central
retinal artery. These are branches of the
ophthalmic artery, one of the branches of
the internal carotid artery.
Blood supply to the eye
22. Transmits electrical
impulses from retina to the
brain
Creates blind spot
Brain takes inverted image
and flips it so we can see
OPTIC NERVE
25. Interior of the Eye
The eyeball is not a solid sphere. It contains a large
interior spaced, it is divided into two cavities, anterior
and posterior.
The anterior cavity is further divided into two chambers,
anterior and posterior chamber. The anterior chamber
lies anterior to the iris and posterior to the cornea.
Aqueous humor is the fluid present in the anterior
cavity. The posterior cavity of eye is quite larger than
the anterior. This cavity is present posterior to the lens,
suspensory ligament and ciliary body.
26. Vitreous humour is the fluid present in the posterior
cavity. This jelly like fluid consists of 99% H2O some
salts and muco protein. It helps to maintain the
intraoccular pressure.
Aqueous humour drains out of the anterior chamber at
the same rate, at which it enters the posterior chamber.
In this way, the amount of fluid remains same. The
normal intraoccular pressure is 16 to 20 mmHg. If the
intraoccular pressure increases, it leads to disease
glaucoma.
27.
28. These are two arched ridges of the supraorbital
margins of the frontal bone. Numerous hairs
(eyebrows) project obliquely from the surface of the
skin. They protect the eyeball from sweat, dust and
other foreign bodies.
Eyebrows
29. The eyelids are two movable folds of tissue
situated above and below the front of each eye. On
their free edges there are short curved hairs, the
eyelashes
Eyelids
30. The eyelids and eyelashes protect the eye from
injury:-
Reflex closure of the lids occurs when the
conjunctiva or eyelashes are touched, when an object
comes close to the eye or when a bright light shines
into the eye – this is called the corneal reflex
blinking at about 3- to 7-second intervals spreads
tears and oily secretions over the cornea, preventing
drying.
Functions of eye lids
31. This is a fine transparent membrane that
lines the eyelids and the front of the eyeball.
Where it lines the eyelids it consists of highly
vascular columnar epithelium.
Conjunctiva
32. Each eye this consists of lacrimal gland and its
ducts lacrimal
Lacrimal sac nasolacrimal duct.
The lacrimal glands are exocrine glands situated in
recesses in the frontal bones on the lateral aspect of each
eye just behind the supraorbital margin. Each gland is
approximately the size and shape of an almond, and is
composed of secretory epithelial cells. The glands secrete
tears composed of water, mineral salts, antibodies
(immunoglobulin), and lysozyme, a bactericidal enzyme.
Lacrimal apparatus
33.
34. -Washing away irritating materials, e.g. dust, grit
-Bactericidal enzyme lysozyme prevents microbial
infection
-Prevents drying of the conjunctiva.
Functions of lacrimal gland
36. How Your Lens Focuses
• Your lens has a small depth of field
– You can't see something close and far with both objects
in focus at the same time
• Hold out your thumb about a foot away from your eye
– Then, alternately focus on thumb and me (right above
your thumb)
• Note that you cannot see both me and your thumb sharply
(in focus) at the same time
– You focus on one or the other by changing the bulge of
your lens
37. teacher is in focus
thumb is out of focus
thumb is in focus
Teacher is out of focus