1. Mr. ASHOK BISHNOI
Lecturer JINR

2. “It is a abnormal protrusion of
an organ or part of an organ
through the wall of the cavity”
 It may occur at any part of the
body, but most common in
abdominal cavity.

3.  Muscles weakness
 Increase abdominal pressure
Obesity
Pregnancy
Coughing
Weight lifting
 Trauma

4.  Inguinal hernia
a. Direct Inguinal hernia
b. Indirect Inguinal hernia
 Umbilical hernia
 Femoral hernia
 Incisional hernia or ventral
hernia
 Hital hernia

6. A. Direct inguinal hernia- Occur through
inguinal ring due to weakness of the
abdominal wall.
B. Indirect inguinal hernia- Bowel passes
through the wall in an area of muscular
weakness

7.  Occur through the umbilicus due to increase
abdominal pressure. it is usually occur in
obese & multiparous women.

9.  It occur through the femoral ring

10.  It occur at the site of previous surgical
incision.

11.  It is a portion of a stomach in
to oesophagus through an
opening or hitus in the
diaphragm.

12. Due to etiological factor
Increase abdominal pressure
Weakness of muscles
Protrusion of organ tissue

13. Heart
burn
Pain Discomfort Vomiting Nausea
Breathing
difficulty

14. History
Physical
examination
USG
X-ray
Barium swallow

15. Medical management-
 A truss
 Pad held a place by a belt
 Pad is placed over the hernia (reduce hernia)
Surgical management-
 Indirect inguinal hernia—Herniotomy.
 Herniorrhaphy (Removal of a hernial sac & repair of
the abdominal wall)
 Hernioplasty- Plastic repai of the abdominal wall.
 Herniotomy- Removal of hernia