A benign (not cancer) condition in which an overgrowth of prostate tissue pushes against the urethra and the bladder, blocking the flow of urine. Also called benign prostatic hyperplasia and BPH.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland. Symptoms may include frequent urination, trouble starting to urinate, weak stream, inability to urinate, or loss of bladder control.
The urethra's main job in males and females is to pass urine outside the body. This thin tube also has an important role in ejaculation for men. When a scar from swelling, injury or infection blocks or slows the flow of urine in this tube, it is called a urethral stricture. Some people feel pain with a urethral stricture.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland. Symptoms may include frequent urination, trouble starting to urinate, weak stream, inability to urinate, or loss of bladder control.
The urethra's main job in males and females is to pass urine outside the body. This thin tube also has an important role in ejaculation for men. When a scar from swelling, injury or infection blocks or slows the flow of urine in this tube, it is called a urethral stricture. Some people feel pain with a urethral stricture.
Prostate cancer or tumor is the most common cancer in men other than non-melanoma skin cancer.
The majority (more than 75%) of cases occur in men over age 65.
Risk factors for prostate cancer including increasing age, the incidence of prostate cancer increase rapidly after the age of 50 years. And more than 70% cases occur in men older than 65 year of age.
Prostate cancer or tumor is the most common cancer in men other than non-melanoma skin cancer.
The majority (more than 75%) of cases occur in men over age 65.
Risk factors for prostate cancer including increasing age, the incidence of prostate cancer increase rapidly after the age of 50 years. And more than 70% cases occur in men older than 65 year of age.
here give the knowledge that you should possess to manage acute and chronic urine retention. the lecture is more concerned about practical patient care and ward setting management. you should minimally be aware about following facts regarding urine retention. the multiple causes of retention will be discussed later in detailed manner. Direction of the lecture seems more toward BPH and acute retention management. beware there are many aspects of a patient present with an AUR. do no harm and always try to keep patient satisfaction. Let me know about your comments an Ideas. try to improve the quality. good luck.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
2. Anatomy and Physiology
The prostate is a walnut-sized gland located between the bladder and the penis.
The prostate is just in front of the rectum. The urethra runs through the center of
the prostate, from the bladder to the penis, letting urine flow out of the body.
3. The prostate secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm. During
ejaculation, the prostate squeezes this fluid into the urethra, and it’s expelled
with sperm as semen.
The vasa deferentia (singular: vas deferens) bring sperm from the testes to the
seminal vesicles. The seminal vesicles contribute fluid to semen during
ejaculation.
4. Introduction
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases in aging
men.
• 50 % Men over 50 years
• 90 % Men over 80 years
• It can cause bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms that affect quality of life by
interfering with daily normal activities and sleep pattern.
• BPH is the second most common cause of surgical intervention in men older than 60
years of age.
5. Definition
Non cancerous increase in size of prostate gland which involves
hyperplasia of prostatic stromal and epithelial cell, resulting in
formation of large, fairly discrete nodules in transitional zone of
prostate which push on and narrow the urethra and it result in
increase resistance to flow of urine from bladder.
6.
7. Etiology
• Ageing
• Elevated estrogen levels. BPH generally occurs when men have
elevated estrogen levels and when prostate tissue becomes more
sensitive.
• Smoking. Smoking increases the risk of acquiring BPH.
• Reduced activity level. A sedentary lifestyle could also lead to the
development of BPH.
• Western diet. A diet high in animal fat and protein and refined
carbohydrates while low in fiber predisposes a man to BPH.
8. Risk Factors
• Family history
• Environment
• Diet [saturated fatty acids]
• Reduced exercise
• Alcohol consumption
9. Pathophysiology
Urinary tract infection may result from urinary stasis, because some urine remains in the
urinary tract and serves as a medium for infective organism.
A gradual dilation of the ureter ( Hydroureter ) and kidneys ( hydronephrosis )
can occur
The hypertrophy lobes may obstruct the vesical neck or prostate urethra, causing
incomplete emptying of the bladder and urinary retention
Nodular proliferation of prostate gland
Normally thin and fibrous outer capsule of prostate become spongy and thick as enlargement
progress
Due to etiological factors enlargement of prostate gland
10. Clinical Manifestation
OBSTRUCTIVE IRRITATIVE
Reduce force of urine stream Frequency
Difficulty in initiating voiding Bladder pain
Intermittency Urgency
Dribbling a the end of urination Dysuria
Nocturia
Incontinence
Inflammation / Infection
12. • Urinalysis. A urinalysis to screen for hematuria and UTI is recommended.
• Prostate specific antigen levels. A PSA level is obtained if the patient has at least a
10-year life expectancy and for whom knowledge of the presence of prostate cancer
would change management.
• Urinalysis: Color: Yellow, dark brown, dark or bright red (bloody); appearance
may be cloudy. pH 7 or greater (suggests infection); bacteria, WBCs, RBCs may be
present microscopically.
• Urine culture: May reveal Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus, Klebsiella,
Pseudomonas, or Escherichia coli.
• Urine cytology: To rule out bladder cancer.
13. • BUN/Cr: Elevated if renal function is compromised.
• Prostate-specific antigen (PSA): Glycoprotein contained in the cytoplasm of
prostatic epithelial cells, detected in the blood of adult men. Level is greatly
increased in prostatic cancer but can also be elevated in BPH. Note: Research
suggests elevated PSA levels with a low percentage of free PSA are more likely
associated with prostate cancer than with a benign prostate condition.
• WBC: May be more than 11,000/mm3, indicating infection if patient is not
immunosuppressed.
• Uroflowmetry: Assesses degree of bladder obstruction.
• Transrectal prostatic ultrasound: Measures size of prostate and amount of
residual urine; locates lesions unrelated to BPH.
• Cystourethroscopy: To view degree of prostatic enlargement and bladder-wall
changes (bladder diverticulum).
14. Medical Management
The goals of medical management of BPH are to improve the quality of life and treatment
depends on the severity of symptoms.
• Catheterization. If a patient is admitted on an emergency basis because he is unable to
void, he is immediately catheterized.
• Cystostomy. An incision into the bladder may be needed to provide urinary drainage.
• Restore bladder drainage
• Relieve signs and symptoms
• Prevent / treat complications
15. Pharmacologic Management
• Alpha-adrenergic blockers (eg, alfuzosin, terazosin), which relax the smooth
muscle of the bladder neck and prostate, and 5alpha reductase inhibitors.
• Hormonal manipulation with antiandrogen agents (finasteride [Proscar])
decreases the size of the prostate and prevents the conversion of testosterone to
dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
• Use of phytotherapeutic agents and other dietary supplements (Serenoa repens
[saw palmetto berry] and Pygeum africanum [African plum]) are not
recommended, although they are commonly used.
17. Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA)
TUNA uses low-level radio
frequencies delivered by thin
needles placed in the prostate
gland to produce localized heat
that destroys prostate tissue while
sparing other tissues.
18. Transurethral resection of the prostate
(TURP)
TURP involves the surgical
removal of the inner portion of the
prostate through an endoscope
inserted through the urethra.
19. Open prostatectomy
Open prostatectomy involves
the surgical removal of the
inner portion of the prostate
via a suprapubic, retropubic,
or perineal approach for large
prostate glands.
20. Nursing Management
• Obtain history of voiding symptoms, including onset, frequency of
day and nighttime urination, presence of urgency, dysuria, sensation
of incomplete bladder emptying, and decreased force of stream.
Determine impact on quality of life.
• Perform rectal (palpate size, shape, and consistency) and abdominal
examination to detect distended bladder, degree of prostatic
enlargement.
• Perform simple urodynamic measures uroflowmetry and
measurement of postvoid residual, if indicated.
21. Nursing Diagnosis
1. Urinary retention related to obstruction in the bladder neck or urethra.
2. Acute pain related to bladder distention.
3. Anxiety related to the surgical procedure.
22. Discharge and Home Care Guidelines
• The patient and the family require instructions about how to promote recovery.
• Instructions. The nurse provides written and oral instructions about the need to
monitor urinary output and strategies to prevent complications.
• Urinary control. The nurse should teach the patient exercises to regain urinary
control.
• Avoid Valsalva maneuver.
23. • The patient should avoid activities that produce Valsalva maneuver like
straining and heavy lifting.
• Avoid bladder discomfort. The patient should be taught to avoid spicy foods,
alcohol, and coffee.
• Increase fluids. The nurse should instruct the patient to drink enough fluids.