The document discusses the basic components of building drawings and architectural conventions. It outlines 12 main components of a building - foundations, plinth, walls, columns and beams, floors, doors, windows, lintels and arches, stairs and lifts, roof, building finishes, and building services. Each component is briefly described. Architectural drawings aim to communicate a complete representation of a building using standardized annotations and material indications.
Principal of planning is basic need for planning of any type of building. It gives basic understanding for planning any type of building or building component.
Definition,
functions,
types of foundations,
foundation loads,
selection criteria for foundations based on soil conditions,
bearing capacity of soil,
methods of testing,
method of improving bearing capacity of soil,
settlement of foundations,
precautions against settlement,
shallow and deep foundations,
different types of foundations – wall footing (strip footing), isolated footing, combined footing, raft foundation, pile foundation etc.
Principal of planning is basic need for planning of any type of building. It gives basic understanding for planning any type of building or building component.
Definition,
functions,
types of foundations,
foundation loads,
selection criteria for foundations based on soil conditions,
bearing capacity of soil,
methods of testing,
method of improving bearing capacity of soil,
settlement of foundations,
precautions against settlement,
shallow and deep foundations,
different types of foundations – wall footing (strip footing), isolated footing, combined footing, raft foundation, pile foundation etc.
This presentation includes the types of roofs and roof covering materials. this presentation explained briefly about the pitched roofs, curved roofs and flat roofs.
This presentation will give the brief introduction to the specifications, its different types along with link to example of detailed specifications. Specifications of buildings and roads are discussed.
A foundation is the lowest part of the building structure. It is the engineering field of study devoted to the design of those structures which support other structures, most typically buildings, bridges or transportation infrastructure. It is at the periphery of Civil, Structural and Geo-technical Engineering disciplines and has distinct focus on soil-structure interaction.
COMPONENT PARTS OF A SCAFFOLDING
TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING
Single scaffolding or Brick layer’s scaffolding.
Double scaffolding or Mason’s scaffolding.
Cantilever or needle scaffolding.
Suspended scaffolding.
Trestle scaffolding.
Steel scaffolding.
Patented scaffolding.
SHORING
Types of Shoring
UNDERPINNING
This presentation includes the types of roofs and roof covering materials. this presentation explained briefly about the pitched roofs, curved roofs and flat roofs.
This presentation will give the brief introduction to the specifications, its different types along with link to example of detailed specifications. Specifications of buildings and roads are discussed.
A foundation is the lowest part of the building structure. It is the engineering field of study devoted to the design of those structures which support other structures, most typically buildings, bridges or transportation infrastructure. It is at the periphery of Civil, Structural and Geo-technical Engineering disciplines and has distinct focus on soil-structure interaction.
COMPONENT PARTS OF A SCAFFOLDING
TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING
Single scaffolding or Brick layer’s scaffolding.
Double scaffolding or Mason’s scaffolding.
Cantilever or needle scaffolding.
Suspended scaffolding.
Trestle scaffolding.
Steel scaffolding.
Patented scaffolding.
SHORING
Types of Shoring
UNDERPINNING
Portal Frame Construction & Pre Engineered Building SystemIan Toisa
A steel structure built over a structural concept of primary members, secondary members and the cover sheeting connected to each other. The structural member are custom designed to be lighter in weight as well as high in strength.
CONSTRUCTION METHODS BASICS BTCE-503-18SANJEEV Wazir
TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD
BASICS OF FORMWORK AND STAGING
COMMON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION METHOD
MODULAR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION METHOD
PRECAST CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION METHOD
BASICS OF SLIP FORMING FOR TALL STRUCTURES
BASICS CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR STEEL STRUCTURES
BASICS CONSTRUCTION METHODS BRIDGES
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
4. Conventions: Patterns or
Rules- Punctuation,
Grammar, Usage,
Formatting..
A way in which
something is usually
done.
An Agreement
ARCHITECTURAL COMMUNICATION
5. AIM /GOAL
To realize the Architectural Standards for
denoting a perfect and complete drawing..
Types of Architectural Drawings:
• Illustration of an Idea
• Presentation Drawing
• Working Drawing
• Corporation Drawing (for Sanctioning)
6. BUILDING TYPES/USES
As per National Building Code,
major building uses;
• Residential Building
• Educational Building
• Assembly Building
• Institutional Building
• Industrial Building
• Commercial Building
• Storage Building
• Infrastructure
As per Construction type /
materials, major building
types;
• Solid or ‘traditional’
construction
• Structural steel frame
construction
• Reinforced concrete
construction
• Modular system construction
• Portal frame construction
• Composite construction
7. COMPONENTS OF A BUILDING...
Common Building Materials: Brick, Block, Stone, Concrete, Timber,
Metal..
Other materials: Fibre, Plaster, Asbestos, Plywood, Block, Plastic..
8. COMPONENTS OF A BUILDING...
A Building can be broadly divided into two parts;
• Sub-structure (portion below ground, transmit load to ground)
• Super-structure (portion above Plinth level)
Building components can be summarized as;
• Foundations
• Plinth
• Walls
• Columns & Beams
• Floors
• Doors & Windows (Openings)
• Stairs & Lifts
• Roof
• Lintels and Arches
• Building Finishes (Plastering, Pointing)
• Building Services (Plumbing, Electrical,
Water Supply, Sewerage, Utility..)
10. 2. PLINTH
• Dividing line between substructure and
superstructure.
• Lowest part of Superstructure, above
ground level.
• 30-75cm in height depending upon the
locality/soil type.
• DPC provided at plinth level to prevent
moisture from rising to the walls of
building.
11. 3. WALLS
• A masonry structure provided
above the Plinth.
• Two types: Load Bearing, Non-
load bearing (Framed structure).
• Provided to enclose or divide the
floor space in a pattern and
provide privacy, security &
protection.
Load Bearing Brick WallColumn Beam Structure
12. 4. COLUMNS AND BEAMS
• A masonry structure provided
above the Plinth.
• Two types: Load Bearing, Non-
load bearing (Framed structure).
• Provided to enclose or divide the
floor space in a pattern and
provide privacy, security &
protection.
RCC Beam Structure
RCC Column
Wood Column
14. 6. OPENINGS: DOORS
• A door may be defined as a barrier secured in an opening left in a wall to
provide usual means to access to a building room or passage.
15. 7. OPENINGS: WINDOWS
• A window may be defined as an opening left in the wall
for the purpose of providing daylight, ventilation and
vision.
Window Types
16.
17. 8. LINTELS & ARCHES
• Its over Doors and Windows in walls
facility at safe transfer of loads to its
supports.
18. 9. STAIRS & LIFTS
• A Stair may be
defined as a structure
comprising of a
number of steps
connecting one floor
to another.
19. 10. ROOF
• It is an uppermost component of a building and its main
function is to cover the space below and provide
protection from sun, rain, snow, wind, etc.
20. 11. BUILDING FINISHES
• A Building is considered incomplete till such time the
surface of its component is given appropriate treatment. It
includes items like plastering, colour washing, pointing,
painting, etc.
21. 12. BUILDING SERVICES
• It includes services like water supply, drainage, sanitation,
lighting, electricity, acoustics, heating, ventilation, Fire
control, etc.
