This document provides details on the construction of an apartment block using an Industrialized Building System (IBS). It discusses the use of precast concrete and prefabricated timber components. These include precast foundations, columns, beams, floors, walls and stairs. Timber trusses are used for the roof structure. Connection methods between components like columns, beams, walls and slabs are described. The production process and installation procedures are outlined in 13 steps. Drawings of the building plans and IBS score are also included.
barch_1st sem_anna univ. affl._msajaa_INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE_ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE_ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE – FORM_ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE – SPACE_PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE
it is about designing building by few articulation techniques, for example by altering its corners, or emphasizing its vertical, horizontal, base, roof, ceiling plane to add creativity.
the corners van be altered by cutting it, adding an element to it, curving it, opening it or even giving it a contrasting tone than the other surfaces.
barch_1st sem_anna univ. affl._msajaa_INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE_ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE_ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE – FORM_ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE – SPACE_PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE
it is about designing building by few articulation techniques, for example by altering its corners, or emphasizing its vertical, horizontal, base, roof, ceiling plane to add creativity.
the corners van be altered by cutting it, adding an element to it, curving it, opening it or even giving it a contrasting tone than the other surfaces.
it is about dimensional, subtractive, additive, centralised, radial, clustered, grid forms.
it is about the design procedure and how can we make an innovative design follow ing a few simple transformation steps.
The topic is about the basic concepts of shell structure. Shell structures are light weight construction using shell elements. These elements are typically curve and are assembled to make large structured.
Architectural Design Concepts Approaches - كونسيبت التصميم المعمارى و الفكرة ...Galala University
Architectural Design Concepts Approaches
Summary of several Architectural Design Concepts Approaches to help students generate design concepts.
كونسيبت التصميم المعمارى
الفكرة المعمارية
طرق مختلفة لمساعدة الطلبة للوصول الى كونسيبت او فكرة التصميم المعمارى
it is about dimensional, subtractive, additive, centralised, radial, clustered, grid forms.
it is about the design procedure and how can we make an innovative design follow ing a few simple transformation steps.
The topic is about the basic concepts of shell structure. Shell structures are light weight construction using shell elements. These elements are typically curve and are assembled to make large structured.
Architectural Design Concepts Approaches - كونسيبت التصميم المعمارى و الفكرة ...Galala University
Architectural Design Concepts Approaches
Summary of several Architectural Design Concepts Approaches to help students generate design concepts.
كونسيبت التصميم المعمارى
الفكرة المعمارية
طرق مختلفة لمساعدة الطلبة للوصول الى كونسيبت او فكرة التصميم المعمارى
Modern construction formworks:-
1. Aluminium formwork
2. Precast system
3.Modular formwork
4.Tunnel formwork
5.Fiberglass shuttering
Description of each formwork with their advantages and disadvantages
Contents:
1.history
2.what is precast concrete and why it is called so?
3.properties
4.features
5.precast concrete structural elements
6.types
7.advantages
8.disadvantages
CONSTRUCTION METHODS BASICS BTCE-503-18SANJEEV Wazir
TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD
BASICS OF FORMWORK AND STAGING
COMMON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION METHOD
MODULAR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION METHOD
PRECAST CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION METHOD
BASICS OF SLIP FORMING FOR TALL STRUCTURES
BASICS CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR STEEL STRUCTURES
BASICS CONSTRUCTION METHODS BRIDGES
A short and elaborate Case Study on High Rise Buildings for the course of Advanced Building Construction from students of 8th Semester Architecture at VNIT, Nagpur (January- April 2017)
Prefabricated structures, also known as prefab structures, offer several benefits across various sectors. Some of the key advantages include:
Speed of Construction: Prefabricated structures are built off-site in a controlled environment concurrently with site preparation, significantly reducing construction time. Once on-site, assembly is quicker compared to traditional construction methods, saving time and resources.
Cost-Effectiveness: Prefab structures often result in cost savings due to efficient material usage, reduced labor expenses, and minimized construction waste. Additionally, economies of scale in manufacturing contribute to lower overall project costs.
Quality Control: Manufacturing prefabricated components in a factory setting allows for stringent quality control measures. This results in higher-quality products with consistent standards, as factors such as weather conditions and on-site variables are mitigated.
Design Flexibility: Prefabricated structures offer versatile design options to meet diverse architectural and functional requirements. Modular components can be customized, combined, or replicated to create tailored solutions for various applications.
Environmental Sustainability: Prefabrication reduces environmental impact by optimizing material usage, minimizing waste generation, and often incorporating sustainable materials. Additionally, the controlled manufacturing process can enhance energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions.
Improved Safety: Prefabrication can enhance on-site safety by reducing the need for labor-intensive tasks and minimizing exposure to hazardous conditions. The controlled environment of factory production also reduces the risk of accidents compared to traditional construction sites.
Adaptability and Scalability: Prefabricated structures are inherently adaptable and scalable, allowing for easy modification, expansion, or relocation as needs evolve. This flexibility makes them suitable for a wide range of applications, including temporary and permanent structures.
Predictability and Consistency: Prefabricated construction offers greater predictability in project timelines and outcomes. With standardized components and assembly processes, there is reduced variability, resulting in more reliable project delivery.
Overall, the benefits of prefabricated structures make them a compelling choice for various construction projects, offering efficiency, cost savings, quality assurance, and sustainability advantages.
Portal Frame Construction & Pre Engineered Building SystemIan Toisa
A steel structure built over a structural concept of primary members, secondary members and the cover sheeting connected to each other. The structural member are custom designed to be lighter in weight as well as high in strength.
Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
1. 1
TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN (SABD)
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I
BLD 61403
INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM
320213 MOHAMAD ANWAR B FAUZI
324705 TEO CHIA YEE
3225517 NICOLE FOO SHULI
325069 HARASHADEEP KAUR
321409 DANIAL MAZLAN
325736 ASHROFF B ABD WAHAB
TUTOR : M R KH A I ROOL
2. 2
INTRODUCTION
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 4
OBJECTIVE 4
PROPOSED IBS SYSTEM
PRECAST CONCRETE 5
PREFABRICATED TIMBER 5
BUILDING COMPONENTS
PRECAST FOUNDATION 6
PRECAST COLUMNS 6
PRECAST BEAMS 7
PRECAST FLOOR SLAB 7
PRECAST WALLS 8
PRECAST STAIRCASE 8
PREFABRICATED ROOF FRAME 8
JOINING METHODS
COLUMN TO COLUMN 9
COLUMN TO BEAM 9
BEAM TO WALL 10
BEAM TO SLAB 10
STAIRS AND CONNECTION 11
TRUSSES TO ROOF BEAM 12
ROOF FINISHES 12
CONTENTS
4. 4
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Various parties have made the completion of this projection possible and hopefully a success. We would like to thank our lecturer Mr Rizal who had provided us
with the necessary theory in order to understand the Industrialized Building System (IBS), including organizing field trips for us More importantly, we would like to
thank Mr Khairool our tutor for being willing to answer our questions even outside tutorial-designated hours. Mr Khairool’s suggestions definitely gave us new
perspective and made the writing of the report more concise. I heartily thank the School of Architecture Building and Design (SABD) at Taylor’s University for giving
us this opportunity to carry out research on a topic that is going to become very important both locally and internationally when more and more prefabricated forms
of construction will be preferred.
We are also thankful to and fortunate enough to get constant encouragement, support and guidance from each other as group members, whom, without our various
contributions, would not be able to produce a report of quality.
OBJECTIVE
We would like to determine the many methods of constructing a building out of standardized system known as Industrial Building System (IBS), only very recently
implemented in our country. In Malaysia, the prefabrication technology is known as industrialized building system (IBS) which is defined as a complete process
system of construction works where almost all the component structures is manufactured onsite or offsite, and the product is transported to the site and to be
installed in the high precision coordinate joint as well as achieve high quality works, and accelerate the time of completion of the projects. The benefits of
prefabrication helped the Housing Ministries in various countries to fulfill the high demand for housing inMalaysia. Providing affordable homes are becoming a vital
issue to meet the increasing demand for houses with the increase in the population growth. The most popular IBS component used in Malaysia is precast
components. Over the years, the total number of IBS precast manufacturing has increased from 15 in 2009 to 36 factories in the year 2011.As a group, we would like
to demonstrate that creating a structure according to IBS is not impossible , this increasing this upward trend in the usage of IBS systems as it is extremely
efficient.
5. 5
PRECAST CONCRETE
Our apartment block comprises of a hybrid system ; a combination of precast concrete system as well as a prefabricated timber framing. The prefabricated timber
will be used exclusively for the structure of the roof trusses as well as rafters whereas the rest of the structure is precast. This includes the foundation, external and
internal walling, flooring, columns and beams, as well as staircase.
PREFABRICATED TIMBER
Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in reusable mould or form which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to
the construction site a lifted to be set into place. A fully precast building is constructed by using various prefabricated elements required in the building structure.
PROPOSED IBS SYSTEM
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Quality and strength assured since produced in controlled factory conditions Difficult to produce non-regular organic shapes
Quality also easily monitored Requires transportation to site that may be costly
Material for production is cheap since material can be bought in bulk Some components are heavy and cranes are required to install
Same result in any weather conditions so appropriate mixes are achieved.
No setting time and immediate installation can take place.
Modularity of components is achieved very quickly
Less labour required
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Lower cost than steel if finishes and wood type are not expensive Extra measures like waterproofing must be taken
Higher aesthetic value and gives warmer impression especially for residential homes. Subject to rot and quicker decay
Do not require extra carpentry space on site Wood is flammable so extra measures must be taken for fire proofing
Environmentally friendly material
Little limits on design
A roof truss consists of one or more triangular units constructed of pieces that are connected by joints. The triangular shape of the truss adds stability and support by
distributing weight away from the exterior walls. Timber roof trusses may be used in commercial applications, but they are generally used for residential construction,
which is why we considered it for our roof structure.
6. 6
PRECAST FOUNDATION
PRECAST COLUMNS
BUILDING COMPONENTS
Precast columns These can be produced to have either single or multiple story corbel
to allow multiple levels of components such as walls and beams to sit on the
columns. This reduces installation time. However, we have chosen to utilize single
story corbel-columns of solid rectangular section.
Precast foundation was economical choice for us as the foundation footing has
reinforcement bars and regulators already present inside. Foundation is placed
directly on ground and brought to the appropriate height through the use of these
regulators (as noted in diagram) No concrete underpinning needs to be poured
since the regulators also lift the rebar from the terrain
Regulator
Our column choice
Precast components
• Foundation
• Columns
• Beams
• Slabs
• Walls
• Staircase
Prefabricated Timber components
• Roof Truss
Additional Components
• Standardized window size
• Standardized door size
• Standardized use of railings
• Toilet pods
7. 7
PRECAST BEAM
PRECAST FLOOR SLABS
Hollow core slabs are prestressed concrete elements that are commonly used for floorings in homes and commercial buildings. As the name suggests, this type of
slab possesses voids called ‘cores’ that run through its entire length, with the main intention of reducing the overall slab weight. These cores can also be used as
service ducts. Steel strands are placed within the slabs running longitudinally as reinforcements, which allows slabs to have long spans without propping.
Furthermore, hollow core slabs possess high flexibility in design, and are available with a variety of notches, slots, and reinforcement arrangements.
L-Beams/ Spandrel
L-beams are prestressed concrete elements that, together with inverted
tee-beams, make up a flooring system. They are characterized by the L-
shaped cross-section from which the name is derived. Like inverted tee-
beams, L-beams provide ledgers for precast slab units to sit on. They are
commonly found at the external walls (the edges of the floor unit) or
around the staircase.
Solid Rectangular Beam
Solid Beams are some of the most commonly used type of beams used in both
smaller and larger scale construction. These come usually prestressed and in a
wide range of dimensions. These may not be conducive when high bending moment
is present as the shape is makes it inflexible. We have utilized these in our ground
floor whereby it is connection to the pad footing of the foundation.
We have used a combination of L-beans and solid beams after many changes to our structure throughout the design process. We had used L-beams for the ground
floor whereas the L-shape beams throughout the other floors. We found this shape to be versatile as it suited our design where we needed both walls and slab to sit
on the beams.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Maximum structural efficiency for every slab thickness Expensive transportation to site and erection
Variety of shapes and sizes available, with long spans Large and heavy
Eliminates ducting work as system components can be hidden
Less vibration and strong acoustical performance
8. 8
PRECAST WALLS
Our walls are solid rectangular-section walls. Some have prefabricated openings in order to allow for placement of window to be installed on site Cranes will be
needed to erect these walls and transportation to site can be quite costly. There are other types of precast walls like ribbed, double tee and mullion0ed but
PRECAST STAIRCASE
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Rapid speed of erection Small margin for error
Maintaining cleanliness of site as production materials not
needed
Economics of scale demand regularly shaped buildings
Higher quality due to controlled measures taken in factory
ROOF FRAME
Our roof frame will be constructed with a series of prefabricated timber trusses. The primary shape
of the truss is a typical long-bearing truss shape which is ideal for longer spans of roof. Many of the
advantages and benefits are similar to that of using prefab timber in general
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Higher quality due to controlled measures taken in factory Can be expensive to transport
Can be installed much faster than in-situ stairs Difficult to produce complex shapes like spiral or curve
Unlike in situ stairs, precast stairs can be used directly
after installation by workers as no drying time is required.
The shape of our primary timber truss
9. 9
COLUMN TO COLUMN
COLUMN TO BEAM
JOINING METHODS
Metal bearing plates and embedded anchor bolts are cast into the ends of
the columns. After column is mechanically joined, the connection is grouted
to ensure full load bearing between elements and to protect metal
components from corrosion.
With accurate placement, the weld plates are casted into beams and columns
respectively. A bearing plate is placed between the beam and column
connection. It is used to transfer concentrated compressive forces between
the two structural elements. The weld plates are welded after the beams and
columns are held into place, this is to fully secure the said connection.
Anchor bolts
connected to bearing
plates
COLUMN TO COLUMN
COLUMN
BEAM
METAL BEARING PLATES
METAL BEARING PLATES
SHIM
GROUT
CONCRETE
ANCHOR BOLT
WELD PLATES
BEARING
PLATES
COLUMN TO COLUMN
METAL BEARING PLATES
METAL BEARING PLATES
SHIM
GROUT
CONCRETE
ANCHOR BOLT
10. 10
BEAM TO WALL
BEAM TO SLAB
Precast walls are casted with connecting rebars left protruding which will
eventually connect to the holes casted into beams. After the elements are put
into place, the connection is grouted in order to secure its standing.
Precast hollow core slabs are placed onto the ledge of the L-shaped beam
and then the connection is grouted to hold it into place.
Diagram to show how L-beam, hollow core slab and
column is connected within our structure
11. 11
STAIRCASE CONNECTIONS
Landing to wall connection - The landing slab sits on a
RSA (Rolled Steel Angle) that is bolted to the wall. A
Structural shim packer is placed between the RSA and
landing slab, it serves to level the landing slab before
commitment.
Stairs to slab connection - The stairs sits on a structural shim packer which sits on
the ledge casted into the floor slab. A hole is then bored through the step of the of
the stairs and the shim packer and stops when it reaches into the slab. A metal
dowel piece is then inserted into the hole and the hole is then sealed by grout.
LANDING TO WALL CONNECTION
STAIRS TO SLAB CONNECTION
FLOOR SLAB
FLOOR SLAB
CONNECT TO WALL
CONNECT TO WALL
CONNECT TO WALL
LANDING SLAB
WALL
ANCHOR BOLT
RSA (ROLLED STEEL ANGLE)
STRUCTURAL SHIM PACKERS
(10MM THICK)
STAIRS
FLOOR SLAB
STRUCTURAL SHIM PACKERS
(10MM THICK)
DOWEL HOLE
(30MM DIA.)
LANDING TO WALL
STAIRS TO SLAB
Due to our usage of straight flight staircase, we do not
have any integral landing connected at the factory.
Hence the two floor slabs and one landing slab are
needed
Straight flight stairs
The connection between the stairs and slab is of a typical notch joint as seen in
typical precast stairs
Example of notch joint at the
upper floor slab
12. 12
TRUSSES TO ROOF BEAM
ROOF FINISHES
Two metal weld plates sandwiches the wooden rafter and is held together by
two-sided bolts. Weld plates are casted into concrete roof beam with
accurate placement. After the rafter sits in place on the beam, the weld
plates are welded together, the securing its placement allowing the rafter to
transfer loads to beam well.
Two metal weld plates sandwiches the
wooden rafter and is held together by
two-sided bolts. Weld plates are casted
into concrete roof beam with accurate
placement. After the rafter sits in place
on the beam, the weld plates are welded
together, the securing its placement
allowing the rafter to transfer loads to
beam well.
Example of joining between
timber battens and roof
tiles
13. 13
PRODUCTION OF PRECAST CONCRETE PIECES
PROCEDURE
STEP 1 : Producing the reinforced-bar cages
for each component needed. Welding is
needed to join the parts
STEP 2 The reinforced cage is placed inside
a mould that is partially complete and
usually made of timber. Then the mould is
closed up
STEP 3 The specified concrete mix is poured
into the wooden mould. Sometimes
computers replace manual methods in
determining the amount needed
STEP 4 Compaction of concrete
using vibrator to achieve optimum
density. High frequency vibrators or
pokers may be used.
STEP 5 Moving precast
into storage area
STEP 6 Storage of high quality units
in order to prepare to be transported
STEP 7 AND 8 Transportation to site is done in a predetermined
sequence so construction can take place according to arrangement
INSTALLATION
PRODUCTION OF PREFABRICATED WOOD FRAME
STEP 1 : Custom
profiling
STEP 2 : Custom
milling
STEP 3 : Test fit
connections
STEP 4 : Factory
prestaining
STEP 5 : Testing
structural integrity of
joinery
STEP 6 : Completion
of joinery
STEP 7 :
Transportation to
site
14. 14 STEP 11 STEP 12
STEP 13 STEP 14
Prefabricated pad foundation is placed on top of
excavated terrain with the installation of padfooting
columns with corbels
Rectangular section beams are placed on top of
corbels of columns accordingly
Hollow core precast slabs are then placed on top of
the rectangular beams. For the ground floor, cranes
may not be needed to install these
Precast walls are then installed on top of beams and
floor slabs of the ground floor. Usually a crane is
needed to place these with some manual assistance.
Toilet pod for ground floor also installed.
15. 15
STEP 5 STEP 11
STEP 7 STEP 8
5 6
7 8
Columns with single story corbel are then placed on
top of the pad-footing columns
Crane is used to installed precast L shape / Spandrel
beams on top of columns
Staircase is installed using a crane to connect the
ground and first floor landing .
A crane will be needed to lift these heavy hollow core
slabs on to the beams and columns of the ground
floor.
16. 16 STEP 9 STEP 01
STEP 11 STEP 12
9 10
11 12
Repetition of step 4 whereby windows are installed
using crane
Repetition of step 5 but instead ground floor columns
are connection to first floor columns
Repetition of step 6 but instead first floor L beams
are not placed on to first floor columns
Repetition of step 7. This time stairs used to connect
first floor to landing of second floor
17. 17
STEP 13 STEP 14
STEP 15
After repeating steps 4 to 6 yet again, beams of the
second floor are then placed on to the walls.
The roof trusses are then installed on to the beams of
the upper floor. Rafters are installed also
The roof bracing is installed within the roof truss.
Additional components like doors and windows are
also installed via crane or manually. In addition, metal
railings are installed throughout areas without
external wall and by the staircase.
13 14
15
23. 23
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
A
B
C
D
E
F
STRUCTURAL PLAN
SCALE 1:100
21000
30003000300030003000
1500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 1500
4500 1500 4500 1500
24. 24
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
A
B
C
D
E
F
STRUCTURAL FOUNDATION PLAN
SCALE 1:100
21000
30003000300030003000
1500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 1500
4500 1500 4500 1500
25. 25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
A
B
C
D
E
F
STRUCTURAL FLOOR PLAN WITH FLOOR SLABS
SCALE 1:100
21000
30003000300030003000
1500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 1500
4500 1500 4500 1500
void
29. 29
void
STRUCTURAL PLAN WITH FLOOR SLABS (INDICATED COMPONENTS)
SCALE 1:100
F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1F1 F1
F1 F1
F1 F1 F1
F1 F1
F2
F2
F3
F3F1 F1 F1 F1
F1F1F1 F1
F4
F4 F4
F4
F1 F1
F1 F1
F1F1
F1F1
F1
F1
F1
F1F1
F1
F1
F1
F1F1
F1 F1F3
36. 36
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
GROUND FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 300 x 3400
QUANTITY 24
LOCATION
3400
500200
300 300
300
300
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
QUANTITY
LOCATION
300
300
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
QUANTITY
LOCATION
300
300
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
QUANTITY
LOCATION
300
200
500
3400
300 300
500
200
3400
300 300
500
200
3400
250
100
150
300
150
GROUND FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 300 x 3400
GROUND FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 300 x 3400
GROUND FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 150 x 3400
18
48
12
A2, D1, D3, E1, A8, D7, D9, F 9
A3, A4, F3, A6, A7, F7
A5, B2, B3, B4, B5, C2, C3, D2, E1, B6
B7, B8, C7, C8, D8, E9
C4, D4, C6, D6
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
QUANTITY
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
QUANTITY
LOCATION
300
150
300
150
500
3400
300 150
200
100250
200 300 150
200
250
500
3400
100
GROUND FLOOR COLUMNSGROUND FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 150 x 3400
GROUND FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 150 x 3400
6
6
F4, F6
E4, E6
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
FIRST FLOOR COLUMNS
QUANTITY
LOCATION
300
300
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
QUANTITY
LOCATION
300
300
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
QUANTITY
LOCATION
300
300
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
QUANTITY
LOCATION
300
150
3200
200
300300
500
3200
200
300 300
500
300 300
3200
200
500
3200
200
500
300
150
300250
300 x 300 x 3200
FIRST FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 300 x 3200
FIRST FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 300 x 3200
FIRST FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 300 x 3200
FIRST FLOOR COLUMNSFIRST FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 150 x 3200
18
24
48
12
A2, D1, D3, E1, A8, D7, D9, F 9
A3, A4, F3, A6, A7, F7
A5, B2, B3, B4, B5, C2, C3, D2, E1, B6
B7, B8, C7, C8, D8, E9
C4, D4, C6, D6
200
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
QUANTITY
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
QUANTITY
LOCATION
300
150
300
150
3200
150
300
250
300
3200
500200
300
250
150300
FIRST FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 150 x 3200
FIRST FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 150 x 3200
6
6
F4, F6
E4, E6
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11
C12
COLUMNS
GROUND FLOOR COLUMNS FIRST FLOOR COLUMNS
37. 37
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
QUANTITY
LOCATION A2, D1, D3, E1, A8, D7, D9, F 9
300
300
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
QUANTITY
LOCATION
300
300
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
QUANTITY
LOCATION
300
300
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
QUANTITY
LOCATION
300
150
300 300
200
3000
3000
200
300 300
3000
200
300300
3000
250
200
300
300
300
300
200
300
300
150
SECOND FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 300 x 3000
SECOND FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 300 x 3000
SECOND FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 300 x 3000
SECOND FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 150 x 3000
18
24
48
12
A3, A4, F3, A6, A7, F7
A5, B2, B3, B4, B5, C2, C3, D2, E1, B6
B7, B8, C7, C8, D8, E9
C4, D4, C6, D6
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
QUANTITY
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
QUANTITY
LOCATION
300
150
300
150
300
200
250
200
300
150300
3000
3000
250
300
200
100
150300
SECOND FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 150 x 3000
SECOND FLOOR COLUMNS
300 x 150 x 3000
6
6
F4, F6
E4, E6
C13
C14
C15
C16
C17
C18
COLUMNS
SECOND FLOOR COLUMNS
38. 38
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x W x H)
L-SHAPE BEAM
1200 x 300 x 150 x 500
QUANTITY 4
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION L - SHAPE BEAM
QUANTITY 36
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION L - SHAPE BEAM
QUANTITY 4
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION L - SHAPE BEAM
QUANTITY 2
LOCATION
LENGTH (L x W x W x H) 2700 x 300 x 150 x 500
LENGTH (L x W x W x H) 4200 x 300 x 150 x 500
LENGTH (L x W x W x H) 6000 x 300 x 150 x 500
1200
2700
4200
6000
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
500
150
150
B1
B2
B3
B4
D-F1'/A-D2/A-D8/D-F8'/A2-8/F3-4/F6-7
F 1'-3 / F 7-8'
D1' - D2 / D8 - D8'
GROUND & FIRST FLOOR
F 4 - 6
GROUND & FIRST FLOOR
GROUND & FIRST FLOOR
GROUND & FIRST FLOOR
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SQUARE BEAM
1200 x 300 x 300
QUANTITY 12
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SQUARE BEAM
2700 x 300 x 300
QUANTITY 96
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SQUARE BEAM
4200 x 300 x 300
QUANTITY 28
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SQUARE BEAM
4650 x 300 x 300
QUANTITY 2
LOCATION
1200
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
4650
300
4200
300
2700
B5
B7
B8
B6
B3'-4/B6-6'/D1'-D2/D8-D8'
FOUNDATION & SECOND FLOOR
FOUNDATION & SECOND FLOOR
D-F1'/A-D2/A-D8/D-F8'/A2-8/F3-4/F6-7
B4-5/ B5-6 /A6-B6/ B3'-3/ C3'-D3'/ B6'-C6'
C6'-D6'
FOUNDATION & SECOND FLOOR
F 1'-3 / F 7-8' / B2-3'/ B6'-8 /C2-3' / C6'-8
D2-3' / D6'-8
FOUNDATION & SECOND FLOOR
C4'-4
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SQUARE BEAM
5700 x 300 x 300
QUANTITY 2
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SQUARE BEAM
6000 x 300 x 300
QUANTITY 14
LOCATION
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SQUARE BEAM
7200 x 300 x 300
QUANTITY 8
LOCATION
300
300
300
300
300
300
7200
6000
5700
B9
B10
B11
D4'-6
C4-6 / E4-6 /F4 - 6
E1'-1/ E6-8/
FOUNDATION & SECOND FLOOR
FOUNDATION & SECOND FLOOR
FOUNDATION & SECOND FLOOR
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
FLOOR SLAB
3000 x 1000 x 200
QUANTITY 262
LOCATION A2-A4-F4-F2, A6-A8-F8-F6, A4-A6-B6-B4
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
FLOOR SLAB
3213 x 1000 x 200
QUANTITY 2
LOCATION GROUND & FIRST E4-E4.5-F4.5-F4
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
FLOOR SLAB
3462 x 1000 x 200
QUANTITY 2
LOCATION B4-B4.5-C4.5-C4
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
FLOOR SLAB
3000 x 1500 x 200
QUANTITY 12
LOCATION D1-F1.5-F1.5-F1,D8-F9-F9-D8
3462
1000
3000
1500
3000
1000
200
200
200
3213
1000
200
B4-B6-F6-F4
F1
F2
F3
F4
BEAMS
L-SHAPE BEAM SOLID SQUARE BEAM
FLOOR SLABS
39. 39
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SOLID WALL
2700 x 150 x 2900
QUANTITY 4
LOCATION A2-B2,F3-F4,A8-B8,F6-F7
2700
2700
2900
150
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SOLID WALL
2700 x 150 x 2900 - (1200 X 1200)
QUANTITY 6
LOCATION A2-A3,B2-C2,C2-D2,A7-A8,B8-C8.C8-D8
2700
2900
LENGTH (L x W x H) 2700 x 150 x 2900 - (2400 X 1200)
QUANTITY 8
LOCATION
2700
2900
A3-A4,A4-A5,D1-E1,E1-F1,A5-A6,A6-A7
D9-E9,E9-F9
DESCRIPTION SOLID WALL
1200750 750
150 2400 150
150
90012001200900
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SOLID WALL
4200 x 150 x 2900
QUANTITY 2
LOCATION F1-F3,F7-F9
DESCRIPTION
4200
150
2900
4200
150
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SOLID WALL
4200 x 150 x 2900
QUANTITY 2
LOCATION D1-D2,D8-D9
DESCRIPTION
2900
1200
150
1200
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SOLID WALL
4200 x 150 x 2900 - (2400x1200)
QUANTITY 2
LOCATION F1-F3,F7-F9
DESCRIPTION
150
2900
4200
900 2400 900
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SOLID WALL
2700 x 150 x 2700
QUANTITY 35
LOCATION A2-B2,F3-F4,A8-B8,F6-F7, B4-C4,C4-D4
2700
2700
2700
150
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SOLID WALL
2700 x 150 x 2700 - (1200 X 1200)
QUANTITY 12
LOCATION A2-A3,B2-C2,C2-D2,A7-A8,B8-C8.C8-D8
2700
2700
LENGTH (L x W x H) 2700 x 150 x 2700 - (2400 X 1200)
QUANTITY 16
LOCATION
2700
2700
A3-A4,A4-A5,D1-E1,E1-F1,A5-A6,A6-A7
D9-E9,E9-F9
DESCRIPTION SOLID WALL
1200750 750
150 2400 150
150
90012001200900
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SOLID WALL
4200 x 150 x 2700
QUANTITY 22
LOCATION F1-F3,F7-F9,B2-B3,C2-C3,D2-D3
DESCRIPTION
4200
150
2700
150
4200
D4-E4,E4-F4,B6-C6,C6-D6,D6-E6,E6-F6
A5-B5
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SOLID WALL
1200 x 150 x 2700
QUANTITY 2
LOCATION D1-D2.D8-D9
DESCRIPTION
2700
1200
150
1200
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SOLID WALL
2700 x 150 x 2700 - (900X2100)
QUANTITY 12
LOCATION B3-C3,C3-D3,B7-C7,V7-D7
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SOLID WALL
1200 x 150 x 2700 - (1600X2100)
QUANTITY 6
LOCATION B4-B5,B5-B6
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SOLID WALL
1200 x 150 x 2700 - (900X2100)
QUANTITY 6
LOCATION D3-D4,D6-D7
DESCRIPTION
2700
2700
501750 900
150
550 800 550
900
800
2700
2700
150
150900
50 900 250
2700
1200
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
W7
W8
W9
W10
W11
W12
W13
W14
WALLS
GROUND FLOOR (EXTERIOR) GROUND (INTERIOR) 1ST & 2ND FLOOR (INTERIOR +EXTERIOR)
40. 40
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SOLID WALL
4200 x 150 x 2700 - (2400x1200)
QUANTITY 4
LOCATION F1-F3,F7-F9
DESCRIPTION
2700
4200
150
900 2400 900
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
DRY WALLING
1150 x 150 x 2700
QUANTITY 6
LOCATION A/B2-B2,A/B8-B8
1550 1150
2700
150
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
DRY WALLING
1150 x 150 x 2700 - (900x2100)
QUANTITY 6
LOCATION A/B3-B3,A/B7-B7
2700
2700
501750 900
150
900
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
DRY WALLING
2700 x 150 x 2700 - (900x2100)
QUANTITY 6
LOCATION E3-F3,E7-F7
150900
50 900 200
2700
1150
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
DRY WALLING
2700 x 150 x 2700
QUANTITY 30
LOCATION A/B2-A/B3,B2-B3,E3-E4,F3-F4,E4-F4
2700
2700
2700
150
A/B7-A/B8,B7-B8,E6-E7,E6-F6, F6-F7
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SINGLE LEAF WINDOW
1200 x 150 x 1200
QUANTITY 18
LOCATION A2-A3,B2-C2,C2-D2,A7-A8,B8-C8.C8-D8
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
DOUBLE LEAF WINDOW
1200 x 150 x 2400
QUANTITY 30
LOCATION A3-A4,A4-A5,D1-E1,E1-F1,A5-A6,A6-A7
D9-E9,E9-F9
150
150
850200
850200
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
SINGLE LEAF DOOR
900 x 150 x 2100
QUANTITY 30
LOCATION A/B3-B3,B3-C3,C3-D3,D3-D4,E3-F3
DESCRIPTION
LENGTH (L x W x H)
DOUBLE LEAF DOOR
1600 x 150 x 2100
QUANTITY 6
LOCATION B4-B5,B5-B6
900
900
800
50 1001100 501100
50 501100
1200
2400
900
2100
1800
2100
A/B7-B7,B7-C7,C7-D7,D6-D7,E7-F7
800 800
W15
T1
T2
T3
T4
D3
D1
D2
D4
WALLS
GROUND (INTERIOR) 1ST & 2ND
FLOOR (INTERIOR +EXTERIOR)
TOILET POD DRY WALLING DOORS
ADDITIONAL COMPONENTS
WINDOWS
42. 42
Elements Areas (m2) / Length (m) IBS Factor Coverage IBS Score
Part 1 : Structural ElementsPart 1 : Structural ElementsPart 1 : Structural ElementsPart 1 : Structural ElementsPart 1 : Structural Elements
GROUND FLOOR AREA
Precast beams + precast slabs + precast columns
FIRST FLOOR AREA
Precast beams + precast slabs + precast columns
SECOND FLOOR AREA
Precast beams + precast slabs + precast columns
ROOF AREA
Prefabricated timber roof truss
Part 1 Total
270m²
270m²
270m²
270m²
1082m²
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
270/ 1082
= 0.25
270/ 1082
= 0.25
270/ 1082
= 0.25
270/ 1082
= 0.25
1.0
50(0.25)(1.0)
=12.5
50(0.25)(1.0)
=12.5
50(0.25)(1.0)
=12.5
50(0.25)(1.0)
=12.5
50
Part 2 : Wall SystemsPart 2 : Wall SystemsPart 2 : Wall SystemsPart 2 : Wall SystemsPart 2 : Wall Systems
EXTERNAL WALL
GROUND FLOOR
Precast concrete panels
FIRST FLOOR
Precast concrete panels
SECOND FLOOR
Precast concrete panels
INTERNAL WALL
GROUND FLOOR
Dry Wall System
FIRST FLOOR
Dry Wall System
SECOND FLOOR
Dry Wall System
Part 2 Total
72m
72m
72m
270m
270m
270m
1026m
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
72/ 1026
= 0.07
72/ 1026
= 0.07
72/ 1026
= 0.07
270/ 1026
= 0.26
270/ 1026
= 0.26
270/ 1026
= 0.26
2.88
20(0.07)(1.0)
= 1.4
20(0.07)(1.0)
= 1.4
20(0.07)(1.0)
= 1.4
20(0.26)(1.0)
= 5.2
20(0.26)(1.0)
= 5.2
20(0.26)(1.0)
= 5.2
19.8
43. 43
Part 3 : Other simplified construction solutions
Complies to MS1064
Part 3 : Other simplified construction solutions
Complies to MS1064
Part 3 : Other simplified construction solutions
Complies to MS1064
Part 3 : Other simplified construction solutions
Complies to MS1064
Part 3 : Other simplified construction solutions
Complies to MS1064
Beams (MS1064 Part 10)
Columns (MS1064 Part 10)
Slabs (MS 1064 Part 10)
Doors and Windows (MS 1064 Part 4)
Vertical repetition of structure
Part 3 total
60%
100%
60%
70%
100%
2
4
2
3
6
17
TOTAL IBS SCORE 86.8
Thus, CIDB had implemented the IBS Score in construction industry to measure the level of IBS usage in building and become part of the main monitor system of the IBS
construction industry. In the Budget 2005, the policies of the usage of IBS components in government building projects were increased from 30 percent currently to 50
percent commencing 2005. Housing developers who utilise IBS components exceeding 50 percent, will be given full exemption on levy imposed by CIDB. Government
requirement 70% of IBS components must be used in government projects. The two mandated policies cover for the housing (100% levy exemption with 50% IBS Score)
and government buildings (0.125% levy exemption with 70% IBS Score).
Since the IBS score for our apartment block is 86.8 > 70 , the levy will be exempted hypothetically.
44. 44
1. Bhaddin Al-Naqshabandi, A study on the construction process (Precast
concrete, In-situ cast concrete, Shoring,
2. Underpinning) Retreived from https://www.slideshare.net/bhaddin/a-study-
on-the-construction-process-precast-concrete-insitu-cast-concrete-shoring-
underpinning on 3th October 2017
3. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/shekhu001/precast-
construction on October 2nd 2017
4. Pujol, Products :Modular and Industrial Construction : Columns, Retrieved
from http://eng.prefabricatspujol.com/products/modular-and-
industrialised-construction/health-center/columns.html on October 2nd
2017
5. Hobbithouse Inc, Glossary of Jointing Methods Retrieved from http://
www.hobbithouseinc.com/personal/woodpics/_joineryterms.htm on
October 2nd 2017
6. Retrieved from https://www.concretenetwork.com/concrete/
foundations.htm on October 1st 2017
7. Foundation Handbook, Construction Details, Retrieved from http://
foundationhandbook.ornl.gov/handbook/section4-1.shtml on October 1st
2017
8. http://preca.in/blog/9-uses-of-hollow-core-slab/
9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
225417520_Comparison_between_solid_and_hollow_reinforced_concrete_b
eams
10. http://www.yourhome.gov.au/materials/precast-concrete
11. http://research.iugaza.edu.ps/files/2142.PDF
12. IBSCentre. List of IBS Precast Concrete System Manufacturers [Online].
Available: http://ibsnet.econstruct.com.my/ibsnet_public/manufacturers/
index/page:4/manufact urer.keyword:Precast%20concrete%20system
13. A. Warszawski, Industrialized and Automated Building Systems. London: E &
FN Spon, 1999.
14. https://theconstructor.org/concrete/precast-concrete-process/6272/
REFERENCES
