Key elements and their function in Building a structure.pdfyamunaNMH
We will learn about the numerous building materials utilised in the construction business in this post. A structure’s building is a difficult process that needs careful planning, design, & execution. It’s essential to comprehend the fundamental construction elements in order to make sure that the finished project is safe, sound structurally, and complies with all applicable standards and regulations.
Building Construction subject is basic subject for understand construction techniques,methods and it is also foundation subject for learn Building Planning & drawing + advance construction technology
Key elements and their function in Building a structure.pdfyamunaNMH
We will learn about the numerous building materials utilised in the construction business in this post. A structure’s building is a difficult process that needs careful planning, design, & execution. It’s essential to comprehend the fundamental construction elements in order to make sure that the finished project is safe, sound structurally, and complies with all applicable standards and regulations.
Building Construction subject is basic subject for understand construction techniques,methods and it is also foundation subject for learn Building Planning & drawing + advance construction technology
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Pile Foundation by Venkatesh Taduvai (Sub Geotechnical Engineering II)-conver...
Lecture 1 Building types and components of building.pptx
1. What Is Building
A structure with walls and a roof standing
more or less permanently in one place is
commonly known as a building. For example a
house or factory. Buildings serve several
societal needs – primarily as shelter, living
space, privacy & security, to store materials,
workspace, etc. In this lecture in first part we
will discuss different types of buildings, and
than components of building will be
discussed.
2. Part 1
Types Of Buildings:
Types of buildings may be classified in two ways:
1. On the basis of its use,
2. On the basis of Structure.
3. Classification based on type of
use:
Depending upon the character of occupancy or the type of
use, buildings can be classified into different categories as
follows:
1. Residential Buildings:
2. Educational Buildings:
3. Institutional Buildings:
4. Assembly Buildings:
5. Business Buildings:
6. Mercantile Buildings:
7. Industrial Buildings:
8. Storage Buildings:
5. Educational Building
Educational building means a building exclusively used for a school, college or University,
recognized by the appropriate Board/ University/Council .
6. Any building or a part of building which are constructed by government, semi-government
organizations or any registered trusts used for purposes like medical or other treatment,
physical or mental illness institutes, auditoriums, children hospitals, old age homes, etc. are
included into the institutional buildings.
Institutional Building
7. Any building or a part of a building like theaters, assembly halls, auditorium, museums, exhibition
halls, club houses, dance halls, sports stadiums, transportation service such as bus stops, railway
stations, airports, taxi stands, etc. where groups of people gather for entertainment, travel, religious
purpose, programs or other similar works.
Assembly Building
8. Business Building
Any building or a part of building which is used for business purpose and used for transaction of
business, work or accounts for purposes like shops, beauty salons, barber shops, banks, launch
counters, food courts, breakfast stalls, professional corporate offices
9. These shall include buildings used for shop, markets, stores, wholesale or retail.
Mercantile Buildings
10. Industrial Buildings
These types of building are mainly used for manufacturing purposes. Here products or materials of
all kinds and properties are fabricated, assembled, or processed, for example, gas plants,
refineries, mills, dairies, etc.
11. StorageBuildings
These buildings are generally used for the storage or sheltering of goods, wares, or merchandise
like warehouses, cold storages, garages, stables, transit sheds, etc.
12. Hazardous Buildings
This building is used to store, handle, or manufacture highly corrosive, toxic, acid or other
liquids or chemicals that produce flame, fumes explosives, etc.
13. Classification Based On Structure
• Load bearing Structure
• Framed structure
• Load Bearing Structures: In this type of structures loads from roof slab or
trusses and floors are transmitted through walls to the firm soil below the
ground .This type of structures are available at elements like beams,
slabs rests directly on walls.
14.
15. • Framed Structures: Reinforced cement concrete structures are the most
common type of construction today. They consist of a skeletonof beams &
columns. The load is transferred from beams to the columns and column intern
transfer the load directly to the sub soil through footing. Framed structures
are suitable for multi-storey building subjected to variety of extreme loads like
compressive, tensile torsion, shear along with moment.
• The open spaces in the skeleton are to be filled with brick walls or glass
panels.
Framed Structures
19. Super Structure
• The superstructure is that part of the building which is
above the ground and which serves the purpose of
building’s intended use.
• It includes:
• Plinth level, Sill level and Lintel level
• Wall , Slab, columns and Beams
• Floors and Roofs
• Parapet
• Steps and stairs
20. Substructure
• The substructure is the lower portion of the
building, which is located below ground level
which transmits the load of the superstructure
to the sub soil.it includes
• Foundations
21. Foundation
• The basic function of foundation
• Transmit the load from building to the subsoil, in such a way
that
i. settlement are within permissible limit
ii. the soil does not fail in shear
iii. Reduce the load intensity
iv. Even distribution of load
v. Provide level surface
22. Types Of Foundation
• Foundations may be broadly classified as
• (a) Shallow Foundation
• (b) Deep foundation
• (a) Shallow Foundation
Spread footing
Combined footing
Grillage Foundation
Mat Foundation or Raft Foundation
27. Deep Foundation
• Deep foundation may be of following types
i. Pile foundation
ii. Pier
iii. Well or caissons
28. Pile Foundation:- Pile Foundation is that
type of foundation in which the loads are
taken to a low level by means of vertical
members which may be timber
29. Pier Foundation: A Pier foundation
consist of cylindrical column of large
diameter to support and transfer large
superimposed load to the firm strata below.
32. Plinth level, Sill level and Lintel
level
• Plinth level means the level of
the floor of a building
immediately above the
surrounding ground.
• This level between the base
portion of the window and
portion of the floor above
ground level (upwards) is
called the Sill level. A mortar
bed or concrete bed is laid at the
base of the window.
• The level between the top
portion of the window and the
top slab is called the Lintel
level.
33. Wall
Wall is a structure defining an exact area and providing safety & shelter.
There are various types of walls used in the construction of buildings given
below. The construction of walls depending upon the types of material.
According to material, these are mainly classified as:
1. Brick masonry,
2. Stone masonry,
These are used to transfer the load from the roof to plinth beam. These are
also providing support to the building in some cases.
35. Columns are vertical members along which
beams and slab /roof is supported. They are
square, rectangular and circular in shape.
Columns
36. Beam
A beam is a horizontal structural member in a building to resist the lateral
loads applied to the beam’s axis.
37. Roof/ Slab
Roof: The upper most part of the building constitutes the roof. The Slab and
roof encloses the space and offers protection from rain, heat, snow, wind,
sound, fire
38. Floor: A floor is a plane area to support occupants, furniture's, and equipment.
Floor
39. Doors And Windows
• A door provides a connecting link between rooms, allowing easy free movement in
the building. Window are opening provided in walls.
• Doors and windows provide lighting and ventilation. The provide resistance to
weather, sound and heat. They provide security and privacy
40. Sizes of Doors
• For ResidentialArea
• Internal doors 0.9 x 2.0 m
• External doors 1.2 x 2 m
• Door for bath and w.c. 0.75 x 2.0 m
• Industrial Buildings
• Width 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 m
• Depth or height 2.0 m, 2.5 m
63. Steps and Stairs
• In one flight maximum 8 steps should be
provided for more than 8 steps it is
• Steps and stairs are meant to provide access
between different levels. Stairs should be properly
located to provide easy access and fast services to
the building.
recommended to provide them with lending.
• Generally for residential building width of stair
is 1.0 m and 1.2 m
• No of risers= Total height of floor/ Height of riser
• No of tread= Number of riser-1
66. Parapet
• Parapet:
partition
Parapet is generally 10 cm thick
wall constructed above slab to
enclose the terrace open to sky. Thickness is
10 to 15 cm height is 1.0 m to 1.2 m