This document provides an overview of steel structures. It defines steel as an alloy of iron with carbon and other elements. It then discusses the classification of steels based on carbon content and introduces the basic components of structures like beams and columns. The document outlines the advantages of steel structures such as lower costs, strength, recyclability, and flexibility. It also notes some disadvantages like maintenance costs and reduced strength in fires. Finally, it discusses common steel sections, connection types, and provides examples of famous steel buildings.

2. Presented By :
M.Kamran 15-101 Miss Ayesha
Presented To :
M.Qasir 15-113
Khurram 15-130
STEEL STRUCTURE

3. Topics to be Present
 Introduction to Steel
 Classification of Steel
 Introduction to Structure
 Introduction to Steel Structure
 Advantages of Steel Structure
 Disadvantages of Steel Structure
 Steel Structure Members
 Structural Steel Sections
 Famous Buildings
 Visit
 Connection in Steel

4. Introduction to Steel
Steel is nothing but it is a modified form of an
Iron, Because when we add o.o2 to 1.7% of Carbon
and some other material such as Silicon, Nickel,
Manganese and Copper to Iron during its
manufacturing then we call it Alloy or Steel.

5. Classification of Steel:
Name of Steel Carbon Content in Steel
Very Low Carbon Steel <0.1%
Mild Steel Up to 0.25%
Medium Carbon Steel 0.25-0.7%
High Carbon Steel 0.7%-1.5%

6. Introduction to Structure
A structure is a series of connected elements that
form together a system that can resist a series of
external load effects applied to it, which includes
its own self weight, and provide adequate rigidity.
In civil engineering, a structure is usually made up
of
 Beams
 Columns
 Cables
 Slabs
 etc

8. Introduction to Steel Structure
A structure which is made from a combination of
structural Steel members designed to carry loads
and provide adequate rigidity is known as Steel
structure.

9. Advantages of Steel:
1. Lower Project Costs
Steel structural remains the cost leader for the majority of
construction projects. Comparative studies indicate that a
structural steel framing system including decking and fire
protection will typically cost 5% to 7% less than a concrete
framing system on a national basis

10. 2. High Strength
All other materials talk about high strength, but
their strength is still less than that of structural steel
even when enhanced by steel reinforcing

11. 3. Recyclable
Structural steel is the most recycled material on our
planet – today’s structural steel is made of 88%
recycled product, is fully recyclable in the future and
can be reused without further processing.

12. 4. Ductility
 Steel is a ductile material, so steel can withstand
extensive deformation without failure under high
tensile stresses.
 It gives warning before failure takes place.

13. 5. Durability
Steel frames that are used for the construction of
buildings and other infrastructures are made up of
mild steel. This steel is long lasting and strong enough
to carry huge tons of weight for many years without the
need of any restoration or repair.

14. 6. Flexibility
 One of the great features of steel frames is that they
are flexible, meaning it can be arched as per the
required specification.
 This helps to design steel structures in such a way
that it can withstand an earthquake or heavy winds,
especially in the case of tall towers or bridges which
are made of steel

16. 6. Temporary Structures
 Steel frame structures can be easily built with the
help of various methods such as bolting, welding or
riveting.
 This reduces the time taken to make a temporary
structure

18. 7. Aesthetic beauty
Structural steel sections can be bent and rolled to
create non-linear members to further enhance the
aesthetic appeal of the structure.

19. Disadvantages of Steel:
 Maintenance cost of a steel structure is very high. Due to action of rust
in steel, expensive paints are required to renew time to time. So that
resistance against severe conditions increases.
 Steel has very small resistance against fire as compared to concrete.
Almost from 600-700C half of steel strength reduced.
 Steel cannot be mold in any direction you want. It can only be used in
forms in which sections originally exists.
 If steel loses its ductility property, than chances of brittle fractures
increase.
 If there are very large variations in tensile strength than this lead steel
to more tension. Due to which steel tensile properties graph falls down.

20. Structural Steel Sections:

21. Connections in Steel Structure:
 Connections are structural elements used for joining
different members of a structural steel frame work.
 Steel Structure is an assemblage of different member
such as “BEAMS,COLUMNS” which are connected to
one other, usually at member ends fasteners, so that
it shows a single composite unit

23. Components of Connections
 Bolts
 Weld

24.  Connecting Plates
 Connecting Angles

25. Classification of Connections
 On the Basis of Connecting Medium.
 According to the type of internal forces.
 According to the type of structural Elements
 According to the type of members joining.

26. 1.On the Basis of Connecting Medium
 Riveted Connections
 Bolted Connections

27.  Welded Connections
 Bolted-Welded
Connections

28. 2.According to Type of Internal Forces
 Shear (semi rigid, simple) Connections
 Moment (rigid) Connections

29. 3.According to Type Structural Elements
 Single plate angle Connections
 Double web angle connections
 Top and seated angle connections
 Seated beam connections

30. 4.According to Type of Member Joining
 Beam to beam connections
 Column to column connections
(column splices)
 Beam to Column Connections
 Column Base Plate Connections

31. Famous Steel Structures
Willis Tower, Chicago Shun Hing Square Tower,
Shenzen
Beijing National Stadium,
Beijing
Empire State Building Sydney Harbour Bridge Burj Khalifa, Dubai

32. Visit