This document summarizes key concepts related to structural analysis including:
1) The effects of axial and eccentric loading on columns including direct stress, bending stress, and maximum/minimum stresses.
2) Maximum and minimum pressures at the base of dams and retaining walls including calculations of total water/earth pressure, eccentricity, and stability conditions.
3) Forces and stresses on chimneys and walls due to wind pressure including calculations of direct stress from self-weight, wind force, induced bending moment, and maximum/minimum stresses.
Design of steel structure as per is 800(2007)ahsanrabbani
It does not offer resistance against rotation and also termed as a hinged or pinned connections.
It transfers only axial or shear forces and it is not designed for moment
It is generally connected by single bolt/rivet and therefore full rotation is allowed
Whenever a body is subjected to an axial tension or compression, a direct stress comes into play at every section of body. We also know that whenever a body is subjected to a bending moment a bending moment a bending stress comes into play.
Design and Detailing of RC Deep beams as per IS 456-2000VVIETCIVIL
Visit : https://teacherinneed.wordpress.com/
1. DEEP BEAM DEFINITION - IS 456
2. DEEP BEAM APPLICATION
3. DEEP BEAM TYPES
4. BEHAVIOUR OF DEEP BEAMS
5. LEVER ARM
6. COMPRESSIVE FORCE PATH CONCEPT
7. ARCH AND TIE ACTION
8. DEEP BEAM BEHAVIOUR AT ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
9. REBAR DETAILING
10. EXAMPLE 1 – SIMPLY SUPPORTED DEEP BEAM
11. EXAMPLE 2 – SIMPLY SUPPORTED DEEP BEAM; M20, FE415
12. EXAMPLE 3: FIXED ENDS AND CONTINUOUS DEEP BEAM
13. EXAMPLE 4 : FIXED ENDS AND CONTINUOUS DEEP BEAM
Design of steel structure as per is 800(2007)ahsanrabbani
It does not offer resistance against rotation and also termed as a hinged or pinned connections.
It transfers only axial or shear forces and it is not designed for moment
It is generally connected by single bolt/rivet and therefore full rotation is allowed
Whenever a body is subjected to an axial tension or compression, a direct stress comes into play at every section of body. We also know that whenever a body is subjected to a bending moment a bending moment a bending stress comes into play.
Design and Detailing of RC Deep beams as per IS 456-2000VVIETCIVIL
Visit : https://teacherinneed.wordpress.com/
1. DEEP BEAM DEFINITION - IS 456
2. DEEP BEAM APPLICATION
3. DEEP BEAM TYPES
4. BEHAVIOUR OF DEEP BEAMS
5. LEVER ARM
6. COMPRESSIVE FORCE PATH CONCEPT
7. ARCH AND TIE ACTION
8. DEEP BEAM BEHAVIOUR AT ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
9. REBAR DETAILING
10. EXAMPLE 1 – SIMPLY SUPPORTED DEEP BEAM
11. EXAMPLE 2 – SIMPLY SUPPORTED DEEP BEAM; M20, FE415
12. EXAMPLE 3: FIXED ENDS AND CONTINUOUS DEEP BEAM
13. EXAMPLE 4 : FIXED ENDS AND CONTINUOUS DEEP BEAM
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
good for engineering students
to get deep knowledge about design of singly reinforced beam by working stress method.
see and learn about rcc structure....................................................
This power point presentation includes concept of beam, types of beam, types of support, concept of shear force and bending moment diagram, concept of determinate and indeterminate beams, rules to draw SFD and BMD and numerical based on above said topic. It also includes concepts of drawing loading diagram and bending moment diagram from shear force diagram and numerical based on this concept.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
good for engineering students
to get deep knowledge about design of singly reinforced beam by working stress method.
see and learn about rcc structure....................................................
This power point presentation includes concept of beam, types of beam, types of support, concept of shear force and bending moment diagram, concept of determinate and indeterminate beams, rules to draw SFD and BMD and numerical based on above said topic. It also includes concepts of drawing loading diagram and bending moment diagram from shear force diagram and numerical based on this concept.
The process of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and determining their relative amounts with the objective of producing a concrete of the required, strength, durability, and workability as economically as possible, is termed the concrete mix design.
Liquid limit is the water content where the soil starts to behave as a liquid. Liquid limit is measured by placing a clay sample in a standard cup and making a separation (groove) using a spatula. The cup is dropped till the separation vanishes. The water content of the soil is obtained from this sample.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
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Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdf
Direct and bending stress
1. Subject name : structure analysis-1
Subject code : 2140608
Guided by :- Prof. Pritesh Rathod
Prof. Rajan lad
2. Name Enrollment Number
Gandhi Harshil R. 141100106018
Deshmukh Bhavik H. 151103106002
Kotila Jayveer V. 151103106008
Misrty Aditya P. 151103106009
Pandya Dhrumil D. 151103106010
3. (A). Column :-
Axial load : When load is acting along the longitudinal
axis of column. It produces compressive stress in column.
Eccentric load : A load whose line of action does not
coincide with the axis of a column. It produces direct
and bending stress in column.
Eccentricity (e) : The horizontal distance between the
longitudinal axis of column and line of action of load.
In axially loaded column e = 0
5. When short column is subjected to axial compressive
force, only direct stress(σo) is produced in the column.
Direct stress = σo = P/A
Eccentric load produces both direct stress (σo) and
bending stress (σb) in column.
Direct stress = σo = P/A
Bending stress = σb =M/z= M/I .y ∴ Z =I/Y
6. Maximum and Minimum Stresses :-
When a column is subjected to eccentric load, the edge of
column towards the eccentricity will be subjected to maximum
stress (σmax) and the opposite edge will be subjected to
maximum stress.
Maximum Stress (σmax) Minimum Stress (σmin)
σmax = direct stress + bending stress
= σo + σb
= P/A + M/Z
= P/A (1+ 6e/b)
σo = direct stress, σb = bending stress, M = Moment = P . e, e = eccentricity
Z = section modulus = , I = moment of Inertia, y = distance of extreme fibre
from c.g. of column.
σmin = direct stress - bending stress
= σo - σb
= P/A -M/Z
= P/A (1- 6e/b)
7. Stress distribution in Column :-
Stress distribution in column as the load (P) moves from
centre of column to the edge of column as shown in fig.
8. Limit of eccentricity (e limit):
The maximum distance of load from the centre of
column, such that if load acts within this distance there
is no tension in the column. The maximum distance is
called Limit of eccentricity.
When load is acting within e limit,
𝜎min will be compressive. (+ve)
When load is acting at the point of e limit,
𝜎min will be zero.
When load is acting beyond e limit,
𝜎min will be tensile (-ve)
9.
10.
11. (B). Dams and Retaining Wall :-
Maximum and Minimum pressure at the base of Dam :
12. (1) Weight of Dam:
Weight = cross sectional area of dam x density of
dam material
∴ W = (a + b) x (H/2)x ᵟ
where ᵟ = density of dam material in kN/m3
(2) Total water pressure on Dam:
Total water pressure = Area of water pressure diagram
∴ P =
1
2
x wh x h Where, w = density of water
∴ p=wh²/2 = 1000 kg/m3
= 10 kN/m3
13. (3) Eccentricity (e) :
Total water pressure (p) acts horizontally at height
h
3
from
the base of dam.
Total weight of dam (W) acts vertically downwards.
R is the resultant of P and W.
R = P2 + W2
Resultant (R) cut the base at point K.
distance JK = x = (p/w)x(h/3)
distance AJ =
a2+ab+b2
3 (a+b)
∴ d = AJ + JK
∴ eccentricity = e = d −(𝑏/2)
14. (4) Maximum and Minimum Pressure :
Maximum Pressure.
𝜎max = w/b(1 + 6e/b)
Minimum Pressure.
𝜎min = w/b(1 − 6e/b)
15. Retaining Wall :
A retaining wall is a structure used to retain soil(earth).
The basic difference between dam and retaining wall is that, a
dam retain water and subjected to water pressure while, a
retaining wall retain earth and subjected to earth pressure.
16. Total earth pressure :
P =
wh2
2
x Ka
∴ P =
wh2
2
x (
1 −sin∅
1+sin∅
)
Where,
Ka = active earth pressure coefficient
=
1 −sin∅
1+sin∅
∅ = Angle of repose of soil
Total earth pressure (P) acts at height
h
3
from the bases of
retaining wall.
17. Stability conditions for retaining
wall or Dam
A retaining wall or a dam is checked for the following conditions of
stability:-
No overturning
two major forces acting on retaining wall/dam are:-
(a) total earth/water pressure(P)
(b) weight of wall/ dam(W)
for no overturning
resisting moment > overturning moment
JB > JK
18. No tension at base
To avoid tension in the masonary at the base,
minimum stress should not be(-ve).
for no tension at base eccentricity should be less
than (b/6).
19. No sliding
total frictional force at the base of wall/dam
= Fmax = 𝜇. 𝑊
for no sliding = 𝜇. 𝑊 > P
if factor of safety = 1.5
(𝜇. 𝑊/P) > 1.5
No crushing at base
the material of wall/dam should be safe against
crushing at the base.
∴ 𝜎 max < 𝜎𝑐
𝜎𝑐 = permissible crushing stress
𝜎 max = maximum pressure at the base
26. Consider a chimney or wall having plan dimension b x d and
height h.
Let, 𝛿 = unit weight of chimney or wall
𝛿 =
total weight
volume
Where,
∴ 𝛿 = w/v A = base area
∴ w = 𝛿 x V
w = 𝛿 x A x h
∴ direct stress = σo =w/A
=(𝛿 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ 𝐻)/𝐴
σo = 𝛿 x h ….(i)
If there is a uniform horizontal wind pressure (p) acting
on a side of width b,
wind force = P = p x b x h
This force will induce a bending moment on the base.
27. This force will induce a bending moment on the base.
∴ M = P x (h/2)
Bending stress caused on the base due to moment,
σb =M/Z
The extreme stresses on the base are,
𝜎max = σo + σb
𝜎min = σo − σb