The document discusses the evolution of classification systems for life on Earth. It describes how the system has changed from two kingdoms of animals and plants proposed by Linnaeus, to the current three domain system of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. The six kingdom system included Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. Modern classification aims to accurately reflect evolutionary relationships between all organisms living and extinct on a single tree of life.
This is a presentation about the five kingdom system given by Robert Whittaker in 1969. The 5 kingdoms are :- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
Class 11th Biology
Chapter -2 Biological classification
Chapter-2 (Part -1) Biological classification ( जीव जगत का वर्गीकरण)
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This is a presentation about the five kingdom system given by Robert Whittaker in 1969. The 5 kingdoms are :- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
Class 11th Biology
Chapter -2 Biological classification
Chapter-2 (Part -1) Biological classification ( जीव जगत का वर्गीकरण)
Watch now
https://youtu.be/aQBvdJf9bdI
For more videos
Like, share & subscribe
Thank you !
Biological classification of organisms by Ratnodip SahaRatnodip Saha
An overview of biological classification including two kingdom classification (by Carolus Linnaeus), two kingdom classification (by Aristotle) and five kingdom classification (by R. H. Whittaker) and short discussion on five kingdoms.
A Level Biology - Classification and Biodiversitymrexham
This is a PowerPoint presentation for Topic 3 in the Edexcel Biology B A Level course that starts in 2015.
This is a free sample, the full PowerPoint presentation is available to purchase here: https://sellfy.com/MrExham
Taxonomy (or systematics) is basically concerned with the classification of organisms. Living organisms are placed in groups on the basis of similarities and differences at the organismic, cellular, and molecular levels.
5 kingdom classification | Whittaker classificationSubrata Das
Youtube video Link: https://youtu.be/7AgJpLvAv6Q
Five kingdom classification
-R.H. Whittaker in 1969
1. Monera— Kingdom of Prokaryotes
2. Protista— Kingdom of Unicellular Eukaryotes
3. Fungi— Kingdom of Multicellular Decomposers
4. Plantae — Kingdom of Multicellular Producers
5. Animalia — Kingdom of Multicellular Consumers
Criteria for classification
Complexity of cell structure- prokaryote, eukaryote
Complexity of organisms- unicellular, multicellular
Mode of nutrition- photo-autotrophy (in plantae), absorptive heterotrophy or saprophytic (in fungi) and ingestive heterotrophy (in animalia).
Ecological Lifestyle- Producers(plants), consumers( animals), decomposers(fungi)
Phylogenetic relationships- prokaryote to eukaryote, unicellular to multicellular
Advantages of Five Kingdom Classification
1. Separation of prokaryotes in a separate kingdom of Monera as prokaryotes differ from all other organisms in their genetic, cellular, reproductive and physiological organization.
2. Fungi have never been related to plants. They have their own biochemical, physiological and structural organization. Separation of fungi into a separate kingdom was another advantage.
Drawbacks of Five Kingdom Classification
Viruses have not been included in this system of classification.
Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in structure, composition and physiology.
protista has so many diversities that it is difficult to keep them together. For example, protista contain both walled and wall-less organisms, photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms, unicellular and filamentous or mycelial organisms.
Unicellular algae are kept in kingdom Protista, whereas algae like multicelluar organisms are ketp in kingdom Plantae. But similar organisms must be put together.
Biological classification of organisms by Ratnodip SahaRatnodip Saha
An overview of biological classification including two kingdom classification (by Carolus Linnaeus), two kingdom classification (by Aristotle) and five kingdom classification (by R. H. Whittaker) and short discussion on five kingdoms.
A Level Biology - Classification and Biodiversitymrexham
This is a PowerPoint presentation for Topic 3 in the Edexcel Biology B A Level course that starts in 2015.
This is a free sample, the full PowerPoint presentation is available to purchase here: https://sellfy.com/MrExham
Taxonomy (or systematics) is basically concerned with the classification of organisms. Living organisms are placed in groups on the basis of similarities and differences at the organismic, cellular, and molecular levels.
5 kingdom classification | Whittaker classificationSubrata Das
Youtube video Link: https://youtu.be/7AgJpLvAv6Q
Five kingdom classification
-R.H. Whittaker in 1969
1. Monera— Kingdom of Prokaryotes
2. Protista— Kingdom of Unicellular Eukaryotes
3. Fungi— Kingdom of Multicellular Decomposers
4. Plantae — Kingdom of Multicellular Producers
5. Animalia — Kingdom of Multicellular Consumers
Criteria for classification
Complexity of cell structure- prokaryote, eukaryote
Complexity of organisms- unicellular, multicellular
Mode of nutrition- photo-autotrophy (in plantae), absorptive heterotrophy or saprophytic (in fungi) and ingestive heterotrophy (in animalia).
Ecological Lifestyle- Producers(plants), consumers( animals), decomposers(fungi)
Phylogenetic relationships- prokaryote to eukaryote, unicellular to multicellular
Advantages of Five Kingdom Classification
1. Separation of prokaryotes in a separate kingdom of Monera as prokaryotes differ from all other organisms in their genetic, cellular, reproductive and physiological organization.
2. Fungi have never been related to plants. They have their own biochemical, physiological and structural organization. Separation of fungi into a separate kingdom was another advantage.
Drawbacks of Five Kingdom Classification
Viruses have not been included in this system of classification.
Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in structure, composition and physiology.
protista has so many diversities that it is difficult to keep them together. For example, protista contain both walled and wall-less organisms, photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms, unicellular and filamentous or mycelial organisms.
Unicellular algae are kept in kingdom Protista, whereas algae like multicelluar organisms are ketp in kingdom Plantae. But similar organisms must be put together.
Greatest It Security Risks of 2014: 5th Annual State of Endpoint RiskLumension
Organizations around the world are losing intellectual property and customer data to cyber criminals at mind-boggling rates. How is this happening?
For 5 consecutive years, the annual State of the Endpoint Report, conducted by Ponemon Institute, has surveyed IT practitioners involved in securing endpoints. This year’s report reveals endpoint security risk is more difficult to minimize than ever before. What are IT pros most concerned about heading into 2014? From the proliferation of mobile devices, third party applications, and targeted attacks/APTs, endpoint security risk for 2014 is becoming more of a challenge to manage.
Larry Ponemon of the Ponemon Institute reveals statistics on growing insecurity, IT’s perceived areas of greatest risk for 2014 as well as tactical suggestions for how to improve your endpoint security. Specifically, you will learn:
•IT perspective on the changing threat landscape and today’s Top 5 risks;
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This is a very old school report that I did back when I was in the 8th grade . It's basically information concerning the Six Kingdoms. I hope you can make use of it. So buckle up!
BOTANY IS THE SCIENCE THAT DEAL WITH THE LIVING THING (PLANT), IN THE PHARMACY , THIS SCIENCES IS SO SPECIAL AS IT IS HELPFUL IN IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT WITH PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECT TO HUMAN , APPLIED IN TRADTIONAL MEDICINES
Below are the crucial notes for the chapter "Class 11 Biological Classification" as per the NEET Biology syllabus. These notes are beneficial for NEET aspirants and other exam preparations during last-minute revisions. They encompass all the essential topics and concepts necessary for the exam. For comprehensive study materials, refer to VAVA CLASSES. Additionally, practice solving NEET Biology MCQs to assess your understanding of the subject thoroughly.
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Simply put, the living world can be described as the world around us. It comprises all living creatures, plants and microorganisms that we cannot see. It has changed over the course of billions of years but the general composition has remained the same. The main components are still organic and inorganic matter. Living things are divided into five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protist and monera. Living things are divided into five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protist and monera. Living things are divided into five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protist and monera.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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2. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
THINK ABOUT IT
The process of identifying and naming all known organisms, both living
and extinct, is a huge first step toward the goal of systematics.
The real challenge, however, is to group everything—from bacteria to
dinosaurs to blue whales—in a way that reflects their evolutionary
relationships.
Over the years, new information and new ways of studying organisms
have produced major changes in Linnaeus’s original scheme for
organizing living things.
3. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
Changing Ideas About Kingdoms
What are the six kingdoms of life as they are now identified?
4. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
Changing Ideas About Kingdoms
What are the six kingdoms of life as they are now identified?
The six-kingdom system of classification includes the kingdoms Eubacteria,
Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
5. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
Changing Ideas About Kingdoms
During Linnaeus’s time, living things were classified as either animals or as
plants.
Animals were organisms that moved from place to place and used food for
energy.
Plants were green organisms that generally did not move and got their
energy from the sun.
As biologists learned more about the natural world, they realized that
Linnaeus’s two kingdoms—Animalia and Plantae—did not reflect the full
diversity of life.
6. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
Changing Ideas About Kingdoms
Classification systems have changed dramatically since Linnaeus’s time,
and hypotheses about relationships among organisms are still changing
today as new data are gathered.
7. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
Changing Ideas About Kingdoms
This diagram shows some of the ways in which organisms have been
classified into kingdoms since the 1700s.
8. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
Five Kingdoms
At first, all microorganisms were placed in their own kingdom, named
Protista.
Later, yeasts and molds, along with mushrooms, were placed in their
own kingdom, Fungi.
Later still, scientists realized that bacteria lack the nuclei, mitochondria,
and chloroplasts found in other forms of life. All prokaryotes (bacteria)
were placed in yet another new kingdom, Monera.
Single-celled eukaryotic organisms remained in the kingdom Protista.
9. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
Five Kingdoms
This process produced five kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae,
and Animalia.
10. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
Six Kingdoms
By the 1990s, researchers had learned that the organisms in kingdom
Monera were actually two genetically and biochemically different groups.
11. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
Six Kingdoms
The monerans were placed in two kingdoms—Eubacteria and
Archaebacteria. There are now six kingdoms.
12. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
Three Domains
Genetic analysis has revealed that the two main prokaryotic kingdoms
are more different from each other, and from eukaryotes, than
previously thought. So, biologists established a new taxonomic category
—the domain. A domain is a larger, more inclusive category than a
kingdom.
Under this system, there are three domains—domain Bacteria
(corresponding to domain Eubacteria), domain Archaea (corresponding
to kingdom Archaebacteria), and domain Eukarya (corresponding to
kingdoms Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, and kingdom “Protista”).
Quotes are put around kingdom “Protista” to indicate that it is not a
monophyletic group.
15. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
The Tree of All Life
What does the tree of life show?
The tree of life shows current hypotheses regarding evolutionary
relationships among the taxa within the three domains of life.
16. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
The Tree of All Life
Modern evolutionary classification is a rapidly changing science with the
difficult goal of presenting all life on a single evolutionary tree.
The tree of life shows current hypotheses regarding evolutionary
relationships among the taxa within the three domains.
18. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
Domain Bacteria
Members of the domain Bacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic.
This domain corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria.
Their cells have thick, rigid walls that surround a cell membrane
and contain a substance known as peptidoglycan.
These bacteria are ecologically diverse, ranging from free-living
soil organisms to deadly parasites. Some photosynthesize, while
others do not. Some need oxygen to survive, while others are
killed by oxygen.
19. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
Domain Archaea
The domain Archaea corresponds to the kingdom Archaebacteria.
Members of the domain Archaea are unicellular and prokaryotic, and
they live in some extreme environments—in volcanic hot springs,
brine pools, and black organic mud totally devoid of oxygen. Many of
these bacteria can survive only in the absence of oxygen.
Their cell walls lack peptidoglycan, and their cell membranes contain
unusual lipids that are not found in any other organism.
20. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
Domain Eukarya
The domain Eukarya consists of all organisms that have a nucleus. It
comprises the four remaining kingdoms of the six-kingdom system:
“Protista,” Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
21. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
The “Protists”: Unicellular Eukaryotes
The kingdom Protista has long been viewed by biologists as a “catchall”
group of eukaryotes that could not be classified as fungi, plants, or
animals.
Recent molecular studies and cladistic analyses have shown that “the
eukaryotes formerly known as “Protista” do not form a single clade.
Current cladistic analysis divides these organisms into at least five
clades.
Since these organisms cannot be properly placed into a single taxon,
we refer to them as “protists.”
22. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
The “Protists”: Unicellular Eukaryotes
Most “protists” are unicellular, but one group, the brown algae, is
multicellular.
Some “protists” are photosynthetic, while others are heterotrophic.
Some display characters that resemble those of fungi, plants, or
animals.
23. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
Fungi
Members of the kingdom Fungi are heterotrophs with cell walls
containing chitin.
Most fungi feed on dead or decaying organic matter. They secrete
digestive enzymes into their food source, which break the food down
into smaller molecules. The fungi then absorb these smaller molecules
into their bodies.
Mushrooms and other recognizable fungi are multicellular, like the
ghost fungus shown. Some fungi—yeasts, for example—are unicellular.
24. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
Plantae
Members of the kingdom Plantae are multicellular, have cell walls
that contain cellulose, and are autotrophic.
Autotrophic plants are able to carry on photosynthesis using
chlorophyll.
Plants are nonmotile—they cannot move from place to place.
The entire plant kingdom is the sister group to the red algae,
which are “protists.” The plant kingdom, therefore, includes the
green algae along with mosses, ferns, cone-bearing plants, and
flowering plants.
25. Lesson Overview
Building the Tree of Life
Animalia
Members of the kingdom Animalia are multicellular and
heterotrophic.
Animal cells do not have cell walls.
Most animals can move about, at least for some part of their life
cycle.
There is incredible diversity within the animal kingdom, and many
species of animals exist in nearly every part of the planet.