Psychobiologist study the evolutionary and physiological mechanisms that are responsible for human behavior and try to understand how the brain functions in order to understand why humans behave the way we do.
Biopsychology is the study of why the brain is the command center and how it influences behaviors, thoughts and feelings. This field of psychology has gained popularity in recent years, and much is being learned about the human mind.
Psychobiologist study the evolutionary and physiological mechanisms that are responsible for human behavior and try to understand how the brain functions in order to understand why humans behave the way we do.
Biopsychology is the study of why the brain is the command center and how it influences behaviors, thoughts and feelings. This field of psychology has gained popularity in recent years, and much is being learned about the human mind.
Detailed Lesson Plan (ENGLISH, MATH, SCIENCE, FILIPINO)Junnie Salud
Thanks everybody! The lesson plans presented were actually outdated and can still be improved. I was also a college student when I did these. There were minor errors but the important thing is, the structure and flow of activities (for an hour-long class) are included here. I appreciate all of your comments! Please like my fan page on facebook search for JUNNIE SALUD.
*The detailed LP for English is from Ms. Juliana Patricia Tenzasas. I just revised it a little.
For questions about education-related matters, you can directly email me at mr_junniesalud@yahoo.com
In humans and other higher animals, the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) collectively form the whole nervous system. The CNS, which serves as the body's control center, includes the spinal cord and the brain. The PNS, a nerve network, links the CNS to various bodily systems.
This slide talks about neuroplasticity, the central nervous system, the brain and its structure, the spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, its functions, nervous system and learning, neurotransmitters, working of neurotransmitters, classification, types of neurotransmitters, neurotransmitters in learning and limbic system in learning.
The nervous system of vertebrates (including humans) is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The (CNS) is the major division, and consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The spinal canal contains the spinal cord, while the cranial cavity contains the brain.
By crossing this ocean and gaining complete knowledge about the brain, that is, self-knowledge, man will be able to use this most important part of the body to the fullest. Will be able to overcome many of the current limitations and psychological discomforts. Be able to create new levels of success and possibilities for yourself. Neuroscientists say that if the man could discover why he was unique, he might not lead himself to collapse but would respect himself more than he does now.
It is the part of central nervous system.
Complex organ that controls every process that regulates human body.
Located in cranium
cranium and bones that protects the brain is called skull
In terms of weight, the average adult human brain weighs in at 1300 to 1400 grams or around 3 pounds
In terms of length, the average brain is around 15 centimeters long.
There are 3 main parts of the brain
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Forebrain is divided into 3 functional parts
Thalamus
Cerebrum
Limbic system
Thalamus : Thalamus carries sensory information to the limbic system and cerebrum. The information includes sensory input from auditory and visual pathways, from the skin and from within the body.
Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, the cerebrum initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature. Other areas of the cerebrum enable speech, judgment, thinking and reasoning, problem-solving, emotions and learning. Other functions relate to vision, hearing, touch and other senses. Further divided into 2 halves:
Right cerebral hemisphere (control the functions of left part of body)
Left cerebral hemisphere (controls the functions of rights part of the body)
Cerebral cortex is the outer layer of cerebrum. This part receives sensory information, processes it, stores some in memory for future use, directs voluntary movements, and is responsible for the poorly understood process that we call thinking.
Lobes of cerebral cortex:
Parietal Lobe Located below the crown of the head Processes sensory information from the whole body (information about pain, touch, and pressure)
Frontal Lobe Located right behind the forehead Responsible for initiating and coordinating motor movements and higher cognitive skills like problem solving and thinking
Occipital Lobe Located in the back of the brain, against the skull Processes all the visual information coming into the brain
Temporal Lobe Located behind the temples and just above the ears In charge of making sense of the information you hear Integrates information from various senses, such as smell and vision
Limbic system: The limbic system is located in an arc between the thalamus and cerebrum. Limbic system works together to produce our most basic and primitive emotions, drives, and behaviors, including fear, rage, tranquility, hunger, thirst, pleasure and sexual responses. Portion of limbic system is also important in the formation of memories. It is further divided into 3 parts:
Amygdala (regulate emotions, such as fear and aggression)
Hippocampus (storage of long term memory)
Hypothalamus (major coordinating center controlling body temperature, hunger, the menstrual cycle, water balance, the sleep-wake cycle through hormone production)
Midbrain is reduced in humans, and it contains auditory relay center and center that controls relax movements of eyes.
Midbrain contains reticular formation, which is a relay center connecting hindbrain with the forebrain.
Reticular formation is very i
The nervous system is the body's main communication system; it gathers, synthesizes, and uses data from the environment. The most basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron, which serves as both a sensor and communicator of internal and external stimuli.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
THINK ABOUT IT
The nervous system contains billions of neurons, each capable of
carrying impulses and sending messages.
What keeps them from sending impulses everywhere and acting like an
unruly mob? Is there a source of order in this complex system, a central
place where information is processed, decisions are made, and order is
enforced?
3. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
The Brain and Spinal Cord
Where does processing of information occur in the nervous system?
4. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
The Brain and Spinal Cord
Where does processing of information occur in the nervous system?
Each of the major areas of the brain—the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain
stem—is responsible for processing and relaying information.
The spinal cord is the main communication link between the brain and the
rest of the body.
5. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
The Brain and Spinal Cord
The control point of the central
nervous system is the brain.
Information processing is the brain’s
principal task.
The brain is constantly changed by its
interactions with the environment.
6. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
The Brain and Spinal Cord
Sensory experience changes many of
the patterns of neuron connections in
the brain, and stem cells in the brain
produce new neurons throughout life.
Many of these new cells originate in
regions associated with learning and
memory.
7. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
The Brain and Spinal Cord
A large cluster of neurons and other
cells make up the spinal cord.
The spinal cord is the main
communication link between the brain
and the rest of the body. It carries
thousands of signals at once between
the central and peripheral nervous
systems.
8. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
The Brain and Spinal Cord
Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves branch
out from the spinal cord, connecting the
brain to different parts of the body.
Certain kinds of information, including
many reflexes, are processed directly in
the spinal cord. A reflex is a quick,
automatic response to a stimulus.
9. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Cerebrum
The largest region of the human
brain is the cerebrum.
The cerebrum is responsible for
the voluntary, or conscious,
activities of the body. It is also the
site of intelligence, learning, and
judgment.
10. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Hemispheres
A deep groove divides the cerebrum
into left and right hemispheres.
The hemispheres are connected by a
band of tissue called the corpus
callosum.
Each hemisphere deals mainly with
the opposite side of the body.
Sensations from the left side of the
body go to the right hemisphere of the
cerebrum, and those from the right
side go to the left hemisphere.
Commands to move muscles are
generated in the same way.
11. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Hemispheres
Each hemisphere is divided into
regions called lobes. The four
lobes are named for the skull
bones that cover them.
The frontal lobe is associated
with evaluating consequences,
making judgments, and forming
plans.
12. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Hemispheres
The temporal lobe is associated
with hearing and smell,
The occipital lobe is associated
with vision.
The parietal lobe is associated
with reading and speech.
13. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Cerebral Cortex
The cerebrum consists of two layers.
The outer layer of the cerebrum is
called the cerebral cortex and
consists of densely packed nerve cell
bodies known as gray matter.
The cerebral cortex processes
information from the sense organs and
controls body movements.
Folds and grooves on the outer
surface of the cerebral cortex greatly
increase its surface area.
14. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
White Matter
The inner layer of the cerebrum is
known as white matter.
Its whitish color comes from
bundles of axons with myelin
sheaths.
These axons may connect
different areas of the cerebral
cortex or they may connect the
cerebrum to other areas of the
brain such as the brain stem.
15. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Limbic System
Emotion, behavior, and memory
have all been linked to the many
structures that make up the limbic
system.
For example, a region deep within
the brain called the amygdala has
been associated with emotional
learning, including fear and anxiety,
as well as the formation of long-term
memories.
The limbic system is also associated
with the brain’s pleasure center, a
region that produces feelings of
satisfaction and well-being.
16. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
The thalamus and hypothalamus are
found between the brain stem and the
cerebrum.
The thalamus receives messages
from sensory receptors throughout the
body and then relays the information to
the proper region of the cerebrum for
further processing.
17. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is the control
center for recognition and analysis of
hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body
temperature.
The hypothalamus also helps to
coordinate the nervous and endocrine
systems.
18. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Cerebellum
The second largest region of the
brain is the cerebellum.
Information about muscle and joint
position, as well as other sensory
inputs, is sent to the cerebellum.
19. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Cerebellum
Although the commands to move
muscles come from the cerebral
cortex, sensory information allows
the cerebellum to coordinate and
balance the actions of these
muscles.
When you begin any new activity
involving muscle coordination, it is
the cerebellum that learns the
movements and coordinates the
actions of individual muscles when
the movement is repeated.
20. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Brain Stem
The brain stem connects the brain
and spinal cord.
The brain stem includes three regions
—the midbrain, the pons, and the
medulla oblongata. Each of these
regions regulates the flow of
information between the brain and the
rest of the body.
Functions such as regulation of blood
pressure, heart rate, breathing, and
swallowing are controlled by the brain
stem. The brain stem keeps the body
functioning even when you have lost
consciousness due to sleep or injury.
21. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Addiction and the Brain
How do drugs change the brain and lead to addiction?
22. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Addiction and the Brain
How do drugs change the brain and lead to addiction?
Addictive drugs act on dopamine synapses in a number of ways.
23. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Addiction and the Brain
Nearly every addictive substance—
including illegal drugs such as
heroin, methamphetamine, and
cocaine, and legal drugs such as
tobacco and alcohol—affects brain
synapses.
Although the chemistry of each drug
is different, they all produce changes
in one particular group of synapses
that use the neurotransmitter
dopamine, and are associated with
the brain’s pleasure and reward
centers.
24. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Addiction and the Brain
When we engage in an activity that brings us pleasure, neurons in the
hypothalamus and the limbic system release dopamine.
Dopamine molecules stimulate other neurons across these synapses,
producing the sensation of pleasure and a feeling of well-being.
25. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Addiction and the Brain
Methamphetamine releases a flood of dopamine, producing an instant
“high.”
Cocaine keeps dopamine in the synaptic region longer, intensifying
pleasure and suppressing pain.
Drugs made from opium poppies, like heroin, stimulate receptors
elsewhere in the brain that lead to dopamine release.
Nicotine and alcohol also cause increased release of dopamine.
26. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Addiction and the Brain
The brain reacts to excessive
dopamine levels by reducing the
number of receptors for the
neurotransmitter.
As a result, normal activities no
longer produce the sensations of
pleasure they once did. Addicts feel
depressed and sick without their
drugs.
27. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Addiction and the Brain
Because there are fewer receptors,
larger amounts of tobacco, alcohol,
and illegal drugs are required to
produce the same high. The result
is a deeper and deeper spiral of
addiction that is difficult to break.
Researchers use positron emission
tomography (PET) to visualize the
density of dopamine receptors in
brains affected by drug addiction.
Brains of individuals abusing
alcohol and drugs show
dramatically lower concentrations of
dopamine receptors.
28. Lesson Overview
The Central Nervous System
Addiction and the Brain
In addition to damage to the brain, drug and alcohol abuse costs the
United States billions of dollars a year in healthcare costs, treatment
services, property damage, and lost productivity.