The document discusses the five kingdom system of classification of living organisms proposed by Robert Whittaker in 1969, which expanded from the earlier two-kingdom model of plants and animals. The five kingdoms include Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia, each with distinct characteristics such as cell structure and modes of nutrition. Monera is further divided into archaebacteria and eubacteria, highlighting the complexity and diversity of life forms.

1. Diversity of Living
Organisms
This presentation is about
the five kingdom system of
classification of organisms.
It was first proposed by
Robert Whittaker in 1969.

2. Five-Kingdom
System
• Once upon a time, all living things were lumped
together into two kingdoms, namely plants and
animals.
• Animals included every living thing that moved, ate,
and grew to a certain size and stopped growing.
Plants included every living thing that did not move
or eat and that continued to grow throughout life.
• It became very difficult to group some living things
into one or the other, so early in the past century
the two kingdoms were expanded into five
kingdoms: Protista (the single-celled eukaryotes);
Fungi (fungus and related organisms); Plantae (the
plants); Animalia (the animals); Monera (the
prokaryotes).
• Many biologists now recognize six distinct

3. •
Monera is a kingdom that contains unicellular
organisms without a nucleus (i.e., a prokaryotic
cell organization), such as bacteria.
• Monera is further divided into two subkingdoms: Archaebacteria and the Eubacteria by
Carl Woese.
1.
Archaebacteria:- Most archaebacteria are
autotrophs and only a few, photosynthesize.
They derive their energy from their metabolic
activities, from the oxidization of chemical
energy sources such as the reduced gases –
Ammonia (NHO₃) , hydrogen sulphide
(H₂S), etc.
2.
Eubacteria:- Bacteria constitute a large
domain or kingdom of prokaryotic
microorganisms Typically a
few micrometeres in length, bacteria have a
wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to
rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first
life forms to appear on Earth.

4. Protista
(Protocista)
• This group includes
many kinds of
unicellular eukaryotic
organisms such as
unicellular
algae, protozoans and
unicellular fungi. Some
of these organisms use
appendages, such as
hair-like cilia or whip
like flagellum. Their
mode of nutrition can
be autotrophic or
heterotrophic.
• Examples:-

5. Fungi
•
•
•
Kingdom, Fungi, is separate
from plants, animals, protis
ts and bacteria. One major
difference is that fungal
cells have cell walls that
contain chitin, unlike the
cell walls of plants and
some protists, which
contain cellulose, and
unlike the cell walls of
bacteria.
Their body is filamentous
and multicellular and is
called mycelium and the
thread like structure is
called hyphae.
They include lichens too.

6. Plantae
• Plantae includes all
heterotrophic
multicellular organisms.
• They are eukaryotes ie
their each cell has a well
defined nucleus.
• Reserve food for plants is
starch and and lipids.
• Growth in plants is
generally indefinite due to
presence of growing
points.
• Body form of the plants is
irregular due to presence
of branches.

7. Animalia
• They are eukaryotic and
multicellular organisms.
• The cell wall is absent.
• They are heterotrophic
and hunt for their own
food.
• The locomotion is with
the help of special
organs like foot.