A case of cysticercus cellulosae in a pig
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This document discusses a case of Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval stage of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium, found in a pig at an abattoir in Kumasi, Ghana. C. cellulosae has an indirect lifecycle involving humans and pigs. The cysts were found throughout the pig's muscles and heart at meat inspection, leading to condemnation of the entire carcass. Cysticercosis caused by C. cellulosae has significant prevalence in northern Ghana where pig management practices risk transmission from human feces.
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Este trabajo es la presentación en formato ppt del ensayo: "Cisticercosis ocular, una revisión de la literatura para profesionales de la salud".
RESUMEN
La cisticercosis establece un grupo de enfermedades zoonóticas parasitarias; cuando se aloja en el ojo y sus anexos producen cisticercosis ocular, además, constituye una de las causas de uveítis ocular y pérdida importante de la visión. El diagnóstico clínico se realiza mediante la observación directa del parásito, el uso del ultrasonido es uno de los métodos diagnósticos más útiles por el ámbito médico. El tratamiento consiste en la administración de antihelmínticos asociados con esteroides, además de la extracción del parásito mediante la vitrectomía, por ejemplo. Las medidas de prevención primaria y la evitación de factores de riesgo contra este padecimiento, disminuirán la prevalencia de cisticercosis en los humanos.
A Fetal Pig Dissection
This document is a virtual fetal pig dissection guide presented as a PowerPoint. It summarizes the major anatomical systems of a fetal pig, including the external structures, oral cavity, thoracic cavity, respiratory system, heart, digestive system, excretory system, circulatory system, and reproductive systems of both male and female pigs. The presentation is intended to review what students learned from an actual dissection and help them prepare for an exam by identifying and labeling important structures.
Taenia solium, saginata & neurocysticercosis
Taenia infestations are caused by parasitic flatworms (cestodes) that have complex life cycles involving an intermediate and definitive host. The most common types that infect humans are Taenia saginata and Taenia solium. T. saginata uses cattle as the intermediate host and humans as the definitive host, causing beef tapeworm infection. T. solium uses pigs and sometimes humans as intermediate hosts, and humans as the definitive host, causing both pork tapeworm infection and the potentially serious condition of cysticercosis when ingested eggs develop into cysticerci larvae in tissues. Symptoms depend on the location of the cysticerci but can include seizures, headaches, and hydrocephalus if in
Pathology ospe final edition
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Hydatid cyst theva
This case report describes a 49-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain and weight loss. Imaging revealed a large cystic mass in her liver consistent with a hydatid cyst. She was treated with albendazole and referred for surgery. Hydatid disease is caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus and commonly involves the liver or lungs. Diagnosis involves history, imaging, and serology. Treatment options include medical therapy with albendazole or surgery to remove the cyst. Percutaneous aspiration, injection and re-aspiration (PAIR) is a minimally invasive alternative to surgery but has a higher risk of allergic reactions.
Neurocysticercosis
Neurocysticercosis is caused by the larval form of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium residing in the brain. It is a major cause of epilepsy in developing countries. The tapeworm life cycle involves humans as the definitive host harboring the adult tapeworm in their intestines, and pigs or other animals as intermediate hosts where the larval cysts form. People can become infected by ingesting T. solium eggs from fecally contaminated food or water. In the brain, the cysts can cause seizures, headaches, and other neurological symptoms depending on their location and number. Diagnosis involves imaging like CT or MRI along with serological tests, and treatment focuses on anti-parasitic drugs and managing
Parasitology - Rapid OSPE Review
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Cisticercosis
Las cisticercosis son enfermedades parasitarias causadas por cisticercos, la forma larvaria de la tenia Taenia solium. Los cisticercos se localizan preferentemente en los músculos, cerebro, lengua y corazón del hombre, y su presencia puede causar parálisis, dificultad para caminar, epilepsia o incluso la muerte si se encuentran en el cerebro. La cisticercosis se transmite cuando los seres humanos ingieren los huevos de la tenia que se encuentran en la carne de cerdo infectada.
Cisticercosis
El documento describe una infestación por quistes larvarios de Taenia solium en un paciente que actuó como huésped intermediario al ingerir huevos del parásito. El paciente presentó múltiples lesiones musculares y cerebrales causadas por la degeneración y reacción inflamatoria de los quistes, incluyendo crisis convulsivas. El tratamiento incluyó prazicuantel y albendazol durante 15-30 días.
Echinococcus+hydatid
A 31-year-old man presented with diarrhea, fatigue, fever and chest lesions. Imaging showed multiple lung cysts. Tests found eosinophilia but were negative for amoebas or infection. The cysts are likely caused by Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm infection transmitted through ingestion of eggs from dog feces. Surgical removal and anthelmintic treatment are recommended.
Cisticercosis
Generalidades sobre padecimiento de cisticercosis, prevención. diagnóstico y tratamiento (solo menciona cisticercosis, no habla de taeniosis).
Cestodos ppt
Los cestodos descritos son parásitos exclusivamente intestinales que se adhieren a la mucosa gracias a ventosas y ganchos en su escólex. Presentan un cuerpo aplanado y segmentado formado por proglótidos que contienen los órganos reproductores. Algunos como Taenia saginata y Echinococcus granulosus usan al ganado o las mascotas como hospedadores intermedios pudiendo infectar al ser humano.
Cestodes - Hymenolepis nana - Taenia solium - Taenia saginata - Echinococcus ...
This document discusses cestodes (tapeworms) and provides information on their morphology, life cycles, and diseases they cause in humans. It describes the general characteristics of cestodes, including their segmented, tape-like shape and lack of digestive system. It separates cestodes into two main groups - pseudophyllidean and cyclophyllidean - and provides differences between them. Specific tapeworms discussed include Diphyllobothrium latum, Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, and Echinococcus granulosus. The larval forms and life cycles of these tapeworms are described, as well as the diseases they can cause, such as cysticercosis and hydat
PATOLOGIA VETERINARIA Musculo hueso articulacion
Este documento resume varias patologías musculares, óseas y articulares. Describe trastornos del desarrollo óseo como acondroplasia y anomalías congénitas de los miembros. También cubre enfermedades metabólicas del hueso como osteoporosis, raquitismo y osteomalacia. Se detalla sobre neoplasias óseas, trastornos articulares como luxaciones y artritis, y patologías musculares como atrofias, necrosis, miopatías y miositis infecciosas. Finalmente, resume
Cestodo
Este documento describe la morfología, ciclo de vida y enfermedades causadas por diferentes tipos de cestodos. Los cestodos son parásitos planos hermafroditas que requieren dos hospederos y pueden causar teniasis o cisticercosis dependiendo de si infectan el intestino o tejidos. Las tenias más importantes son T. solium, T. saginata y D. latum, cuyos ciclos de vida varian pero involucran la ingestión de carne de cerdo, vacuno o pescado crudo que contienen formas
Product life cycle
The document discusses the product life cycle, which consists of four stages: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Each stage is characterized by different sales volumes, costs, profits, and marketing objectives. The introduction stage involves building product awareness at high costs and negative profits. Growth sees rapidly rising sales through expanded distribution and lower prices. Maturity reaches peak sales with efforts to maximize profits and defend market share. Finally, decline has falling sales and profits as the product is phased out.
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Cisticercosis ocular una revisón de la literatura para profesioneles de la s...
Cisticercosis ocular una revisón de la literatura para profesioneles de la s...
Cisticercosis ocular, una revisión de la literatura para profesionales de la ...
Cisticercosis ocular, una revisión de la literatura para profesionales de la ...
Cestodes - Hymenolepis nana - Taenia solium - Taenia saginata - Echinococcus ...
Cestodes - Hymenolepis nana - Taenia solium - Taenia saginata - Echinococcus ...
Similar to A case of cysticercus cellulosae in a pig
Lecture 19 (Tapeworms).pptx
- Taenia saginata and Taenia solium are two common tapeworms that infect humans. T. saginata, the beef tapeworm, passes between humans and cattle, while T. solium, the pork tapeworm, passes between humans and pigs.
- Both have a life cycle involving an adult tapeworm in the human small intestine and a larval cyst stage in cattle (for T. saginata) or pigs (for T. solium). Humans can become infected by eating undercooked beef or pork containing the cysts.
- Intestinal infection is usually asymptomatic but cysticercosis, occurring when the larval cysts establish in tissues like brain or muscle,
Infectious pancreatic necrosis
This document discusses infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), a viral disease that affects young salmonids. It is caused by the IPN virus, a birnavirus with two RNA segments. The disease causes high mortality in fry and fingerlings. While it was first described in Canada in 1941, it has since spread worldwide and can be transmitted through infected water, equipment, fish, eggs and carriers like birds. Clinical signs include swimming abnormalities, loss of appetite and paleness. Diagnosis involves detecting viral lesions on the pancreas and intestines. Management requires controlling water quality, screening broodstock, disinfecting eggs and vaccinating fish. Many fish species can be infected and act as asymptomatic carriers.
Cestode
This document provides information on the tapeworm Cestode. It discusses several types of tapeworms that can infect humans, including Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm), and Echinococcus granulosus (dog tapeworm). For each tapeworm, it describes their life cycles, symptoms and diseases they can cause, identification properties, and methods for laboratory diagnosis. The document contains detailed diagrams illustrating the life cycles of the different tapeworms.
Food borne animal parasites, vi
This document provides information on various foodborne parasites, viruses, and biohazards. It discusses protozoan parasites like Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Entamoeba, and Giardia. It also covers parasitic worms including Anisakis, Ascaris, Clonorchis, Opisthorchis, Fasciolopsis buski, and Taenia. Additionally, it summarizes biotoxins produced by bacteria, fungi, and algae like botulinum toxin, staphylococcus toxin, aflatoxin, ochratoxin, and patulin. Finally, it briefly discusses major foodborne viruses such as hepatitis A virus, rot
Clonorchiasis
infestation with or disease caused by Clonorchis sinensis
invades bile ducts of the liver after ingestion in uncooked fish and when present in large numbers causes severe systemic reactions
SESSION 4_DISEASES CAUSED BY WORM INFESTATIONS.pptx
1. Taenia solium, or pork tapeworm, infects people who eat undercooked pork. It can cause abdominal pain and discomfort. The larval stage, called cysticercosis, is more serious and can infect any organ or tissue.
2. Hookworm disease is caused by Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale infecting humans through contaminated soil. It causes iron-deficiency anemia from blood loss in the intestines. Symptoms include fatigue and weakness.
3. Roundworm (ascariasis) infects people through eating food or water contaminated with roundworm eggs from human feces. Symptoms include coughing, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Heavy
Ascaris and its surgical complications.pptx
Ascariasis is caused by the roundworm Ascaris and is one of the most common parasitic infections worldwide. It is transmitted through ingestion of Ascaris eggs from contaminated soil or food. The worms mature in the intestines and females can produce hundreds of thousands of eggs daily that are passed in feces. While often asymptomatic, ascariasis can cause abdominal pain and complications when worms migrate to other organs. Diagnosis is made by identifying eggs in stool samples under microscopy. Treatment involves anthelmintic medications while prevention relies on improved sanitation and hygiene. A study in Rwanda found 18% of ascariasis cases led to surgical complications like bowel obstruction and perforation requiring interventions like enterotomy.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is caused by bacteria that can infect humans and animals. It is commonly spread through contact with urine of infected animals like rats. The document discusses the causative agents, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Leptospirosis symptoms include high fever, headache, muscle pain and can potentially lead to liver or kidney damage. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests or culture. Antibiotics like doxycycline or penicillin are used for treatment. Prevention involves reducing contact with infected animals and their urine.
Nemathelminthes review
This document provides information on various nemathelminth parasites. It discusses the diagnostic stages, infective stages, modes of transmission, signs and symptoms of infection, and treatment for several parasites including:
1. Ascaris lumbricoides
2. Hookworms
3. Enterobius vermicularis
4. Trichinella spiralis
5. Trichuris trichiura
6. Capillaria philippinensis
7. Strongyloides stercoralis
8. Wuchereria bancrofti
9. Brugia malayi
10. Onchocerca volvulus
11. Dirofilaria immitis
Ophthalmic Parasitosis
This is an overview about parasites infest or affect the human eyes & principles of the diseases thay cause
A medical-student-made presentation for Ain Shams University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Parasitology
Hope it help you
Kyasanur Forest Disease in animals and humans .pptx
The Kyasanur Forest disease is a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever endemic to southwestern India. The virus was first isolated in 1957 from sick monkeys in Kyasanur Forest, Karnataka. It is transmitted by the bite of the Haemaphysalis spinigera tick, and causes high fever, bleeding problems, and neurological issues in humans. While most patients recover, 10-20% experience a second wave of symptoms. There is no cure, but early hospitalization, supportive care, and a vaccine used in endemic areas provide prevention.
Intestinal nematodes
The document discusses several intestinal nematodes (roundworms) that infect humans. It describes the life cycles, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical findings, and laboratory diagnosis of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm), Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale (the two hookworms), and Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm). The nematodes have complex life cycles involving eggs and larvae that develop within the human host or outside in the environment before infecting another host. Symptoms range from itching to diarrhea and anemia depending on the worm burden and
Food Borne animal parasites, viruses and food borne biohazards
This document discusses various foodborne parasites, viruses, and toxins that can cause illness. It provides details on the life cycles and transmission routes of common protozoan parasites like Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Entamoeba, and Giardia. It also discusses parasitic worms including Anisakis, Ascaris, Clonorchis, Fasciolopsis, and Taenia, and how they can infect humans by consuming undercooked meat or seafood, or contaminated water/food. The document outlines characteristics, food sources, and symptoms of biotoxins produced by bacteria like Clostridium botulinum and Staphylococcus aureus, and fungi
CHLONORCHIASIS
Clonorchiasis is an infestation of the liver, biliary tract, and gallbladder by the Chinese liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis. While the parasite is endemic in parts of Asia, cases in India are rare. The patient presented with abdominal pain and distension, and during cholecystectomy, white oval structures 6 mm in length were discovered attached to the gallbladder mucosa, consistent with C. sinensis infection. Though first discovered in India in 1875, clonorchiasis is not endemic and cases found in India usually involve expatriates or imported cases.
Trichuris trichuria
Trichuris trichiura, also known as the whipworm, is an intestinal parasite that infects humans. It lives in the large intestine, primarily in the caecum and appendix. The adult worms are whip-shaped, with males measuring 30-40mm and females 40-50mm. Females can lay 5000-7000 eggs per day. The life cycle is completed within a single human host. People become infected by ingesting soil containing embryonated eggs. Treatment involves administering mebendazole orally for 3 days.
Taeniasis
- T. saginata and T. solium are tapeworms that infect humans and require two hosts to complete their lifecycles. T. saginata infects cattle and humans while T. solium infects pigs and humans.
- Humans can be infected by ingesting infective cysticerci in undercooked beef or pork, or through contaminated food, water, or vegetables. This can lead to cysticercosis if the parasite establishes in the muscles, eyes, or brain.
- Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis are tapeworms that cause hydatid disease in humans. Infection occurs through ingestion of eggs from contaminated food,
30. human pathogen helminthic parasites
This document summarizes several human pathogen helminth parasites classified into three groups - Trematoda, Cestoda, and Nematoda. Key details are provided on the life cycles, transmission, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke), Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), Ascaris lumbricoids (human roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), Wuchereria bancrofti (filarial worm), and Drancunculus medinesis (guinea worm).
Taeniasis
- Taeniasis is caused by two parasites, T. solium and T. saginata, which have a two-host life cycle involving humans and pigs/cattle.
- Transmission occurs through ingesting undercooked pork/beef containing the larvae or through ingesting food or water contaminated with parasite eggs from infected feces.
- Most infections are asymptomatic but can sometimes cause abdominal issues. T. solium infection poses a risk of cysticercosis if eggs are accidentally ingested.
- Control measures include treatment of infected individuals, meat inspection, health education, and improved sanitation.
Clonorchis sinensis (Liver flukes).pptx
Clonorchis sinensis is a liver fluke parasite that infects humans when they ingest raw or undercooked freshwater fish containing the parasite's larval stage. The parasite matures in the bile ducts of the liver and gallbladder, causing inflammation, thickening of duct walls, and obstruction. Heavy infections can lead to cholecystitis, cholangitis, and long-term complications like liver cirrhosis. Most light infections are asymptomatic, but heavy acute infections may cause fever, jaundice, hepatomegaly, and eosinophilia. Diagnosis is made by finding the parasite's eggs in stool samples or duodenal fluid.
Hook worm
Hookworm is a parasitic roundworm that infects the small intestine. There are two main species that infect humans: Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. They are found primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. The worms attach to the intestinal wall and suck blood, causing iron deficiency anemia. Symptoms include fatigue, abdominal pain, and bloody stools. Diagnosis is made by finding hookworm eggs in stool samples. Treatment involves deworming medications like mebendazole or albendazole. Prevention focuses on proper sanitation and hygiene to avoid skin penetration and soil contamination with infected feces.
Similar to A case of cysticercus cellulosae in a pig (20)
SESSION 4_DISEASES CAUSED BY WORM INFESTATIONS.pptx
SESSION 4_DISEASES CAUSED BY WORM INFESTATIONS.pptx
Kyasanur Forest Disease in animals and humans .pptx
Kyasanur Forest Disease in animals and humans .pptx
Food Borne animal parasites, viruses and food borne biohazards
Food Borne animal parasites, viruses and food borne biohazards
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The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
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It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
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Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
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学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
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◇申请留学生创业基金
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
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Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
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A case of cysticercus cellulosae in a pig
- 1. A CASE OF CYSTICERCUS CELLULOSAE IN A PIG AT THE KUMASI ABATTOIR ON 3RD NOVEMBER, 2014 PRESENTED BY ERNEST BOATENG 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 1
- 2. INTRODUCTION Cysticercus is the name of the larva or cyst which forms part of the life cycle of the tapeworm • Cysticercus cellulosae is the larval stage (cysticercoid) of Taenia solium, a human tapeworm parasite that has swine and wild boars as intermediate hosts 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 2
- 3. INTRODUCTION CONTD. • The disease caused by this and other cysticercoids is called cysticercosis • Cysticercus cellulosae occurs worldwide, mainly in poorly developed rural regions with insufficient sanitary conditions • Other livestock are also infested with different cysticercoids eg. cysticercus bovis in cattle 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 3
- 4. LIFE CYCLE • As all tapeworms, Taenia solium has an indirect life cycle, with humans as final hosts, and swine and wild boars as intermediate hosts • Segments of the tapeworm in people are passed out in the feces • They contain eggs which are eaten by the pig 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 4
- 5. LIFE CYCLE CONTD. • The cysticercus develops in the skeletal or cardiac muscles of the pig and the cycle is completed by the human eating inadequately cooked infected pork. 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 5
- 7. WAYS PIGS GET INFECTED • Ingesting food or water contaminated with eggs or gravid segments of Taenia solium • Contamination of pig feed can occur through undue defecation of humans in the pastures or stables • Indirectly through irrigation with contaminated human sewage • Using contaminated human feces as fertilizers 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 7
- 8. PIG EATING HUMAN EXCRETA 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 8
- 9. CLINICALS SIGNS • Cysticercus cellulosae is not pathogenic for swine and usually the infection causes no clinical signs 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 9
- 10. DIAGNOSIS • Cysticercus cellulosae are identified at meat inspection 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 10
- 11. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS • Myositis • Abscess and granuloma caused injection 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 11
- 12. TREATMENT • No highly effective compounds are available for treatment in the pig 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 12
- 13. MANAGEMENT CONTROL AND PREVENTION • This is achieved by preventing pig access to human feces • By meat inspection and the burning of infested carcasses 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 13
- 14. ARE INFECTEDPIGS CONTAGIOUS TO HUMANS? • Yes • Humans can become infected with Taenia solium tapeworms after eating raw or insufficiently cooked pork or other tissues from infested swine • Simple contact with infested pigs or their feces is not contagious 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 14
- 15. ORIGIN OF THE PIG • From the Northern part of Ghana 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 15
- 16. PREVALENCE IN GHANA • This condition is very common in the northern part of Ghana due to the system of management of pigs • In 2010, Dr. Paul Poku did a survey in the Jirapa district • 344 pigs were used and 11.1% tested positive 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 16
- 17. CYSTICERCUS CELLULOSAE AT MEAT INSPECTION 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 17
- 18. CYSTS IN THE THIGH MUSCLE 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 18
- 19. CYSTS IN THE TRICEPS 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 19
- 20. GENERAL MUSCLE CYST INFESTATION 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 20
- 21. CLASSICAL CYSTS IN THE HEART 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 21
- 22. JUDGEMENT • The whole carcass together with the diaphragm and the heart were condemned 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 22
- 23. DISCUSSION • Sometimes, when the cyst is localized it is frozen for 2 weeks to render the cyst inactive and also make pork consumable. • In this case the cyst infestation was heavy in the muscle hence the total condemnation 11/16/2014SVM-KNUST 23