LUMEN DWELLING FLAGELLATES - GIARDIA
REFS:
INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY K. D. CHATTERJEE
TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY PANIKER
IMAGE SOURCES : FROM INTERNET
LUMEN DWELLING FLAGELLATES - GIARDIA
REFS:
INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY K. D. CHATTERJEE
TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY PANIKER
IMAGE SOURCES : FROM INTERNET
Hookworm is one of the most important small intestinal nematodes causing iron deficiency anemia. This PPT illustrates hookworms associated with human diseases, life cycle, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hookworm infection.
Hookworm is one of the most important small intestinal nematodes causing iron deficiency anemia. This PPT illustrates hookworms associated with human diseases, life cycle, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hookworm infection.
Hamster - Bacterial, Viral, Mycotic, Parasitic and Non infectious diseasesRakshith K, DVM
There are approximately 25 different hamster species worldwide.
In labs: Syrian or golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and Chinese or gray hamster (Cricetulus griseus)
Hamsters possess buccal pouches, which extend dorsolaterally from the oral cavity on either side of the shoulder region.
Bacterial diseases: Proliferative ileitis, Clostridial diseases, Tyzzers disease, Salmonellosis, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Yersiniosis, Respiratory disease, Mastitis, Abscess, Mycotic infection, Viral diseases, Parasitic diseases and Non infectious diseases.
Balantidium coli.pptx medical parasitologyosmanolow
Medical parasitology traditionally has included the study of three major groups of animals: parasitic protozoa, parasitic helminths (worms), and those arthropods that directly cause disease or act as vectors of various pathogens. A parasite is a pathogen that simultaneously injures and derives sustenance from its host
Clonorchis sinensis
Prepared by:
Shafqat Hussain
Taxonomy
Kingdome : Animalia
Phylum : Platyhelminths
Class : Trematoda
Order : Opisthorchiida
Family : Opisthorchiidae
Genus : Clonorchis
Species : C. sinensis
Introduction
•
Clonorchis is also known as the Chinese or oriental liver fluke.
Clonorchis is a liver fluke parasite (trematode or worm) that can
infect the liver, gallbladder, and bile duct.
food born parasite
Host
Definitive Hosts
First intermediate host must always be a snail, mainly
Parafossarulus manchouricus
Life cycle
•
Clonorchis sinensis eggs are discharged in the biliary ducts and in
the stool in an embryonated state
Eggs are ingested by a suitable snail (P. manchouricus)
intermediate host
Eggs release miracidia
which go through several developmental stages (sporocysts, rediae, and
cercariae).
The cercariae are released from the snail and, after a short period
of free-swimming time in water, they come in contact and
penetrate the flesh of freshwater fish, where they encyst as
metacercariae
Infection of humans occurs by ingestion of under cooked, salted,
pickled, or smoked freshwater fish
After ingestion, the metacercariae excyst in the duodenum
and ascend the biliary tract through the ampulla of Vater
Maturation takes approximately one month. The adult flukes
(measuring 10 to 25 mm by 3 to 5 mm) reside in small and
medium sized biliary ducts.
they lay eggs in intestine
the embryonated eggs release in stool.
The eggs are embryonated and contain the larvae called miracidia.
The sporocyst resembles a hollow and simple sac.
Oftentimes, the developing rediae are visible inside the sac.
Redia - At this larval stage, it retains a very simple worm structure.
In some ways, it still resembles a sac.
Pathogenesis
Liver flukes infect the liver, gallbladder, and bile duct in humans.
inflammation in biliary epithelium
Laboratory Findings
Blood routine test: eosinophilia, anemia in severe infection
Flagellates—I (Intestinal and Genital). lecture 5 chapter 4 pptx.pptxOsmanAli92
Virology is the scientific study of biological viruses. It is a subfield of microbiology that focuses on their detection, structure, classification and evolution, their methods of infection and exploitation of host cells for reproduction, their interaction with host organism physiology and immunity,
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. Introduction
• Trichuris trichiura or Trichocephalus trichiuris is intestinal nematode
worm
• Inhabit a human large intestine (ceacum)
• Causing the disease known as trichiuriasis
• It is soil transmitted infection (eggs are infective stage found in soil)
• Is commonly known as the whipworm because it looks like the whip
2
4. • The worms has thin anterior and thick posterior part
• They attach to intestinal mucosa by embedding their anterior part.
• They feed on tissue fluid (not blood).
4
6. Morphology (the worm)
Shape: round
• narrow long anterior part end
and shorter and thicker
posterior.
Color: pinkish-white
Size:
♀ 35–50 mm long
♂ 30–45 mm, with a coiled
posterior end
6
7. Eggs of Trichuris trichiura
• Shape: oval (barrel-shaped)
has polar hyaline mucoid blugs
• Size: 60 x40 µm
• Color: honey brown
• Shell: Thick
• Contents:
• Mass of granules
(Unembryonated)
7
9. Development of T. trichura eggs
9
1-Eggs are single celled when passed with human feces
2-The develop into 2 cell, 4 cell, morula, egg contain larva (in soil )
3-Thelarvated egg (infective to human)
• The development of infective eggs in soil takes about 2-3weeks,
10. How man become infected?
• Infection to man is by ingestion of the infective eggs (contain larva)
that may be in contaminated food or drink, hands with soil
• The larva hatch in the human small intestine then migrate to large
intestine
• They attach to mucosa of the large intestine.
• Then develop into mature worms with in three months
• After mating female produce 2,000–10,000 single-celled eggs per day
• which come out with feces.
• Worms can live up to five years
10
12. Pathology & Symptomatology
People with light infections usually have no symptoms.
People with heavy infection show symptoms like:
• Frequent defecation
• Painful passage of stool
• Stool appearance: contains a mixture of mucus and blood (dysentery).
• The clinical feature is identical to amebic dysentery.
12
13. Complications:
• Colonic obstruction because of the tangle of worms
• Ulceration of large intestine which result in blood loss.
• Iron deficiency anemia
• Rectal prolapse
13
15. Laboratory Diagnosis
1- what is /are suitable sample/s?
2- what is are suitable diagnostic test/s or technique/s?
3- what is/are the diagnostic stage/s?
15
16. Summary:
• T. trichuria worm inhabit human large intestine
• The female produces large number of eggs 2,000–10,000 per day
• The worms are not found stool because they attach to the mucosa of
large intestine.
16
17. 1-Stool sample is suitable for the diagnosis.
2- suitable diagnostic technique:
A- direct wet examination for feces (heavy infection)
B-Concentration by sedimentation or by floatation to detect (very light
infection)
3- diagnostic stages:
eggs
17
18. Quality control
• Eggs of T. trichiura should be differentiated from Capillaria
philippensis eggs which may also found in stool.
C. Philippensis egg T.trichiura egg
18
19. Treatment
Several anthelmintics drugs of choice:
• Albindazole
• Mebendozle
Prognosis
The prognosis is good in light infection
Poor in heavy chronic infection
19
20. Prevention & control
• Prevent contamination of soil with human feces
• Construction of latrines
• Washing hands before eating (children, soil worker).
• Washing vegetables & fruits
• Do not use the night soil as fertilizer
20