This document provides guidance on effective elements for English language presentations. It discusses four important factors: content, language structure and organization, non-verbal communication, and affective aspects. Language proficiency is less important than clarity of content and structure. With globalization, different accents are now accepted and intelligibility is key. The document also addresses time management, anxiety control, and effective slide design, emphasizing clear structure, appropriate use of visual aids to guide the audience, and balance of verbal and visual information. Practice and rehearsal are important for confidence and flexibility.

1. 効果的な英語プレゼンテーションをする
ために必要な要素について
このスライドには皆さんが効果的な英語プレゼンテーションをするた
めに必要な要素が詳しく説明されています。先生方だけでなく、学生
さんにとっても、将来仕事で英語のプレゼンをすることは多くなって
います。いまや英語は世界語となり、様々なアクセントが受け入れら
れるようになってきましたので、発音よりも、内容や構成、
分かりやすいスライドやハンドアウトの作り方、相手にアピ
ールするメリハリのある話し方、姿勢・目線・表情・ジェスチ
ャーなどの非言語要素が非常に重要です。日本語
のプレゼンとも通じる部分が多いのですが、プレゼ
ンテーションは様々な要素がその効果を
決める総合的スキルです。ぜひこのスライ
ドでそういう要素に目を向けてください。

2. What Makes Your Presentation in English
More Effective？
－Important Factors and Necessary Skills
（効果的な英語プレゼンテーションの要素）
Kahoko Matsumoto
Tokai University

3. Contents
１．Changing World of English
２．Four Important Factors of Presentation
(with demonstration)
３. Time Management and Anxiety
Control
４．Effective slides (if time allows)
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4. １．Changing World of English
● English has become a lingua franca =
a global medium of communication
(World Englishes)
● Approx. 1 billion people have learned
English and use it to varying degrees.
● The decreasing significance of “nativelike” performance
● The problem of intelligibility and
pluricultural influence
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5. Kachru (1985)
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6. 375
million L2
Speakers
750 million EFL
speakers
375 million
L1
speakers
Graddol (1997)
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7. ２．Four Important Factors of
Presentation
1. Content
2. Language
- Global level: Structure/Organization
- Local level: Language Use (proficiency)
3. Non-verbal/kinetic/physical aspects
4. Affective aspects
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8. <Content>
1) Is the content generally interesting to the
audience?
2) Does the content have originality?
3) Are the messages/main points clear?
4) Is the speaker expressive enough?
5) Does the presentation have sufficient
information to persuade the audience?
6) Are the presentation aids (PPT slides,
handouts, example objects, etc.) effective?
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9. <Language ①：Structure/Organization>
1) Is the presentation well-organized/
structured? (Top-down vs. bottom-up)
2) Is the information flow natural and easy to
follow?
3) Aren’t there any incomprehensible or
unnecessary (irrelevant/redundant) parts?
4) Is the “blending” of verbal explanation and
the information provided by visual aids
(slides) appropriate?
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10. <Language ②：Language Use>
1) prosodic features
(pronunciation/intonations/stresses)
2) diction (pacing/chunking/pausing)
3) accuracy
4) variety and level of vocabulary/
expressions
5) discourse features (transition words,
sentence-level logical connection,
especially that of cause-effect relations)
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11. <Non-verbal/kinetic/physical aspects>
1) posture
2) eye contact/facial expressions
3) gestures/body language
4) disturbing mannerisms
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12. <Affective Aspects>
1) confidence level as conveyed to the
audience
2) presenter’s interest (passion)/motivation
level as conveyed to the audience
3) anxiety level
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13. 3. Time Management and Anxiety
Control
1. Practice makes perfect! (hopefully by timedrehearsal with mock audience)
2. inter-relatedness of confidence in the content and
anxiety
3. Try to have an “alter ego” watch over your
performance. Adding anchoring signs (overviews
and subheadings) to your slides may help.
4. Making each part “top-down” will save you from
running out of time.
5. Again, building confidence in the content and
practice of the Q&A session will make you more
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flexible dealing with difficult questions.

14. 4. Effective Slides
1. Content/Structure
1) The structure should be clear and easy to follow; your
presentation should be well-structured with a clear
outline.
2) Key points and key words should be highlighted; try
to differentiate main points and examples clearly.
3) A good introduction will attract the audience.
4) A good conclusion (discussion of the results and
implications) will give your presentation depth and a
sense of completion.
5) Review your visual aids from the audience’s
standpoint. Don’t just “decorate” your slides for your
own satisfaction; the purpose of preparing visual aids
is to facilitate the audience’s grasp of the content. 14

15. 1. Content/Structure (cont’d)
6) Try to guide the audience (both visually and verbally)
smoothly by the use of subheadings and transition
words.
7) Use numbers, alphabetical symbols as “anchors” to
guide the audience through your presentation. If your
presentation is a complicated one, inserting the
contents (=an overview) occasionally will help the
audience realize where they are in the presentation.
These “anchoring devices” will also help guide
yourself in the presentation.
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16. 2. Visual Effects
1) The visual effects should be consistent (background,
color, font size, etc,) except when you want to
highlight key points. Don’t squeeze too much
information in one slide (too much cognitive load).
2) Find a good balance (blending) between graphic
presentation (pictures, tables, figures, graphs, etc.)
and letters/words; also find a good balance between
how much you explain verbally and how much content
you make your slides represent.
3) Make your slides easy to read without using too many
different effects, for instance, letters different in
shape, color and pattern.
4) Use the proper contrasting effect in color and font
size for emphasis.
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17. 3. Time Management
1) The amount of information (or the number of slides)
should be appropriate for the allotted time: not too
scanty or not too much.
2) Use proper “anchoring devices” to make yourself
aware of where your are in the presentation and how
much content you have to cover in the remaining time.
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18. Thank you for listening!
E-mail: mkahoko@tsc.u-tokai.ac.jp
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