This document provides guidance on effective elements for English presentations. It discusses four important factors: content, language structure and organization, non-verbal communication, and presenter affect. Content should be interesting and persuasive to the audience. Language use should have clear organization and structure, as well as appropriate vocabulary. Non-verbal elements like eye contact and gestures are also important. Presenters should convey confidence through passion and low anxiety. Effective slides should have a clear structure, balance text with visuals, and guide the audience through signposts and transitions. Presenters must manage their time and the amount of information to fit the allotted time.

1. 効果的な英語プレゼンテーションをする
ために必要な要素について
このスライドには皆さんが効果的な英語プレゼンテーションをするた
めに必要な要素が詳しく説明されています。先生方だけでなく、学生
さんにとっても、将来仕事で英語のプレゼンをすることは多くなって
います。いまや英語は世界語となり、様々なアクセントが受け入れら
れるようになってきましたので、発音よりも、内容や構成、
分かりやすいスライドやハンドアウトの作り方、相手にアピ
ールするメリハリのある話し方、姿勢・目線・表情・ジェスチ
ャーなどの非言語要素が非常に重要です。日本語
のプレゼンとも通じる部分が多いのですが、プレゼ
ンテーションは様々な要素がその効果を
決める総合的スキルです。ぜひこのスライ
ドでそういう要素に目を向けてください。

2. 2
Contents
１．Changing World of English
２．Four Important Factors of Presentation
(with demonstration)
３. Time Management and Anxiety
Control
４．Effective slides (if time allows)

3. Native Speakers
(U.S., England, etc.)
375 million
ESL Speakers
（India, Nigeria,
etc.)
375 million
EFL Speakers
（China,
Israel,etc.)
1250 million
<Users of English in the
World 20 years ago>
Inner Circle
Outer
Circle
Expanding
Circle
(Crystal, 1997, based on
Kachru’s model)
3
１．Changing World of English

4. 4
１．Changing World of English
● English has become a lingua franca=
a global medium of communication
(World Englishes)
● Approx. 1.75 billion people have learned
English and use it to varying degrees
(only 22% are native speakers=0.39 billion)
(Harvard Business Review, 2012)
● The decreasing significance of “native-
like” performance
● The problem of intelligibility and
pluricultural influence→English controls
one’s thoughts, but also spreads ideas to
the world.

5. ＜Unlimited Opportunities
for Learning＞
1. Online Learning Sites (even degree programs)
2. Webinars
3. Computer Supported Collaborative Learning
4. English media (TV news, films, etc.)
5. Free Online Learning Communities
(Duolingo, Palabea, Italki, etc.)
6. Private ICT Communication (Skype, SNS, etc.)
5

6. 6
２．Four Important Factors of
Presentation
１． Content
2. Language
- Global level: Structure/Organization
- Local level: Language Use (proficiency)
3. Non-verbal/physical aspects
4. Affective aspects

7. 7
<Content>
1) Is the content generally interesting to the
audience?
2) Does the content have originality?
3) Are the main/major points clear?
4) Is the speaker expressive enough?
5) Does the presentation have sufficient
information to persuade the audience?
6) Are the presentation aids (PPT slides,
handouts, example objects, etc.) effective?

8. 8
<Language ①：Structure/Organization>
1) Is the presentation well-organized/
structured? (top-down vs. bottom-up)
2) Is the information flow natural and easy to
follow?
3) Aren’t there any incomprehensible or
unnecessary (irrelevant/redundant) parts?
4) Is the “blending” of verbal explanation and
the information provided by visual aids
(slides) appropriate?

9. 9
<Language ②：Language Use>
1) prosodic features
(pronunciation/intonation/stress)
2) diction (pacing/chunking/pausing)
3) accuracy
4) variety and level of vocabulary/
expressions
5) discourse features (transition words,
sentence-level logical connection,
especially that of cause-effect relations)

10. 10
<Non-verbal/physical aspects>
1) posture
2) eye contact/facial expressions
3) gestures/body language
4) disturbing mannerisms

11. 11
<Affective Aspects>
1) confidence level as conveyed to the
audience
2) presenter’s interests (passion)/motivation
level as conveyed to the audience
3) anxiety level

12. 12
3. Time Management and Anxiety
Control
1. Practice makes perfect! (hopefully by timed-
rehearsal with mock audience)
2. inter-relatedness of confidence in the content and
anxiety
3. Try to have an “alter ego” watch over your
performance. Adding anchoring signs (overviews
and subheadings) to your slides may help.
4. Making each section “top-down” will save you
from running out of time.
5. Again, building confidence in the content and
practice of the Q&A session will make you more
flexible dealing with difficult questions.

13. 13
4. Effective Slides
1. Content/Structure
1) The structure should be clear and easy to follow; your
presentation should be well-structured with a clear
outline.
2) Key points and key words should be highlighted; try
to differentiate main points and examples clearly.
3) A good introduction will attract the audience.
4) A good conclusion (discussion of the results and
implications) will give your presentation depth and a
sense of completion.
5) Review your visual aids from the audience’s
standpoint. Don’t just “decorate” your slides for your
own satisfaction; the purpose of preparing visual aids
is to facilitate the audience’s grasp of the content.

14. 14
1. Content/Structure (cont’d)
6) Try to guide the audience (both visually and verbally)
smoothly by the use of subheadings and transition
words.
7) Use numbers, alphabetical symbols as “anchors (sigh
posts” to guide the audience through your
presentation. If your presentation is a complicated
one, inserting the contents (=an overview)
occasionally will help the audience realize where they
are in the presentation. These “anchoring devices” will
also help guide yourself, keeping a “bird’s eye” view.

15. 15
2. Visual Effects
1) The visual effects should be consistent (background,
color, font size, etc.) except when you want to
highlight key points. Don’t squeeze too much
information in one slide (too much cognitive load).
2) Find a good balance (blending) between graphic
presentation (pictures, tables, figures, graphs, etc.)
and letters/words; also find a good balance between
how much you explain verbally and how much content
you make your slides represent.
3) Make your slides easy to read without using too many
different effects, for instance, letters different in
shape, color and pattern and movements.
4) Use the proper contrasting effect in color and font
size for emphasis.

16. 16
3. Time Management
1) The amount of information (or the number of slides)
should be appropriate for the allotted time: not too
scanty or not too much.
2) Use proper “anchoring devices” to make yourself
aware of where your are in the presentation and how
much content you have to cover in the remaining time.

17. 17
Thank you for listening!
E-mail: mkahoko@tsc.u-tokai.ac.jp