1.5 form 4 e_momentum
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1. Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity. It is a vector quantity measured in kg*m/s. When objects collide, momentum is transferred from the moving object to the stationary one. 2. There are two types of collisions - elastic and inelastic. The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum before a collision equals the total momentum after. 3. Impulse is the product of force applied over time. It results in a change in an object's momentum. Impulse is equal to the change in momentum, and can be used to calculate the force applied if the time of application is known.
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Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that, together, laid the foundation for classical mechanics. They describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, and its motion in response to those forces.
Newton's law of motion (2)
Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that, together, laid the foundation for classical mechanics. They describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, and its motion in response to those forces.
Similar to 1.5 form 4 e_momentum (20)
SCIENCE 9- MOMENTUM & IMPULSE ( DEMO TEACHING).pptx
SCIENCE 9- MOMENTUM & IMPULSE ( DEMO TEACHING).pptx
More from chris lembalemba
Wave motion
Wave motion transfers energy from one place to another. There are two main types of waves: transverse waves where particles oscillate perpendicular to the wave direction, and longitudinal waves where particles oscillate parallel to the wave direction. Key wave properties include amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and phase. Waves can undergo various interactions including reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and superposition. Interference of waves leads to constructive and destructive interference patterns. Standing waves occur due to interference of waves traveling in opposite directions.
Wk 17 p1 wk 18-p6_24.1-24.4_alternating currents
This document discusses alternating current (AC). It describes the characteristics of AC including period, frequency, peak value and root-mean-square value. It also discusses how AC power is transmitted through transformers and rectified to direct current (DC) for applications. Key points covered include the rms and peak values of AC, mean power in a resistive load, representation of AC by equations, transformer principles and ratios, transmission of power at high voltages to reduce losses, and half-wave and full-wave rectification using diodes.
Wk 23 p5 wk 25-p2_26.3-26.4_particle and nuclear physics
This document provides an overview of nuclear physics concepts including:
- Mass defect and binding energy are explained using examples like helium-4 nucleus.
- Nuclear stability is determined by the balance of strong nuclear force and Coulombic repulsion.
- Nuclear fission and fusion are described along with examples like uranium-235.
- Radioactive decay is random and spontaneous in nature as demonstrated through a dice simulation example. The half-life concept is also introduced.
Wk 10 p1 8-18.1-18.2_capacitance
The document provides information about capacitors and capacitance. It defines capacitance as the ratio of the charge stored (Q) to the potential difference (V) between capacitor plates (C = Q/V). It describes how capacitance is measured in Farads and depends on the area of plates, distance between plates, and dielectric material. Capacitors can be arranged in series or parallel circuits, and formulas are provided to calculate the equivalent capacitance in these arrangements. Energy is stored in capacitors and the amount depends on the capacitance and potential difference according to the formula E = 1/2 CV^2.
Wk 6 p3 wk 7-p8_1.2-1.3 & 10.1-10.3_ideal gases
The document discusses Avogadro's constant and its relationship to moles. It defines a mole as the amount of a substance containing 6.02x1023 particles, which may be atoms, molecules, or ions. It then discusses how molar quantities allow expressing amounts of substances in moles rather than grams. For example, one can refer to the molar volume or molar mass of a gas. The document also discusses the kinetic theory of gases and how it relates the pressure and temperature of a gas to the motion of its molecules.
Wk 5 p1 wk 6-p2_12.1-12.2_thermal properties of materials
Thermal properties of materials can be explained using a kinetic molecular model. Melting and boiling occur at constant temperatures as energy input goes towards overcoming intermolecular forces rather than increasing kinetic energy. Specific heat capacity is the energy required to raise 1kg of a substance by 1°C, while specific latent heats refer to phase changes. The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of a system equals heat supplied plus work done on the system.
Wk 1 p7 wk 3-p8_13.1-13.3 & 14.6_oscillations & ultrasound
This document discusses oscillations and simple harmonic motion. It begins by listing learning outcomes related to oscillations, including describing examples of free and forced oscillations. It then provides definitions and equations related to simple harmonic motion, such as the defining equation a=-ω2x. Graphs of displacement, velocity, and acceleration over time for simple harmonic motion are shown. Examples of the simple pendulum and a mass on a spring are provided to illustrate simple harmonic motion. The document also discusses the kinetic and potential energy changes that occur during simple harmonic motion.
Wk 4 p1 wk 4-p8_11.1-11.3_temperature
The document discusses temperature and thermometry. It defines temperature and describes how it relates to the kinetic energy of particles. It introduces common temperature scales like Celsius and Kelvin, and describes how fixed points are used to define scales. Thermometers are devices that measure temperature, with examples being gas thermometers, resistance thermometers, liquid-in-glass thermometers, and thermoelectric thermometers. The key properties measured include pressure, resistance, volume, and voltage. Formulas are provided for converting between measured values and reported temperatures on different scales.
4.4 form 4 dangers of electricity
This document discusses electrical hazard awareness and safety. It notes that electrical hazards can cause injury, death, fires or property damage. Some key electrical hazards include making contact with overhead power lines, working on live equipment, and using damaged electrical tools. The document provides guidance on responding to electrical incidents, types of electrical injuries, and measures to protect oneself from electricity such as turning off the power source, wearing appropriate clothing and using qualified personnel. It emphasizes taking precautions and following safety procedures to avoid electrical hazards.
4.3 form 4 current
The document discusses electric current, resistance, electromotive force, and some basic circuit concepts:
1) Electric current is defined as the flow of electric charge through a cross-sectional area per unit time. It is measured in amperes.
2) Resistance depends on the length, cross-sectional area, temperature, and material of a conductor. It is measured in ohms.
3) An electromotive force is a device that provides electric potential difference (voltage) to push current through a circuit against resistance. Batteries and generators are common sources of electromotive force.
4.3.c form 4 circuit components
This document summarizes various circuit components including direct current (DC), alternating current (AC), fuses, resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors and other components. It describes what each component is, how it works, and examples of its uses in circuits. Key components covered are fixed and variable resistors, fuses, voltmeters, ammeters, plugs, capacitors, thermistors, diodes, and transistors. Resistor color codes and examples are provided. The functions of transistors as switches and for amplification are also summarized.
4.3.b form 4 parallel circuits
1) Electrical components in a parallel circuit provide separate conducting paths for current. Current divides between the paths, but voltage remains equal across all components.
2) The total resistance of a parallel circuit is less than the smallest individual resistance and decreases as more paths are added.
3) Current can be different in each branch of a parallel circuit, while the total current equals the sum of the individual branch currents.
4.3.b form 4 combined circuits
This document covers combination circuits, which have multiple current paths and resistors that can be in series or parallel. It defines combination circuits and lists the rules for series and parallel circuits. It also provides examples of solving combination circuits by simplifying, reducing, and redrawing equivalent circuits before applying Ohm's law to solve for values.
4.2 form 4 static_electricity
Static electricity is a stationary electric charge built up on the surface of materials. It is caused by electrons being transferred between two objects during friction. There are two types of charges - positive and negative. Atoms contain protons which have a positive charge and electrons which have a negative charge. The laws of electrostatics state that like charges repel and unlike charges attract. Materials that allow charge to pass through are conductors, while insulators do not. When a charged object is brought near an uncharged object, the electric field can induce charges in the uncharged object. Some applications of static electricity include electrostatic precipitators, printers, and photocopiers. Grounding neutralizes charged objects by connecting them to the earth.
3.5 form 4 sound
This document discusses the reflection and refraction of sound. It explains that hard surfaces reflect sound waves, creating an echo. The time it takes for an echo to return is used to calculate the distance to the reflecting surface. Sound travels at different speeds in various materials. Refraction occurs when sound waves travel from one medium to another, such as underwater. The document also covers pitch, frequency, amplitude, and loudness of sound waves. It describes how ultrasound, which is above the human hearing range, has various uses such as metal testing and medical scanning.
3.4 form 4 electromagnetic spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum includes all types of electromagnetic waves, ranging from radio waves with the longest wavelengths to gamma rays with the shortest wavelengths. It consists of radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light, oscillate perpendicular to their direction of propagation, and can transfer energy. Lower frequency waves such as radio waves have longer wavelengths while higher frequency waves such as gamma rays have shorter wavelengths and more energy. Each type of electromagnetic wave has different properties and applications such as communication technologies, heating foods, vision, sterilization, and medical imaging.
3.4 form 4 dispersion of light
Dispersion is the separation of white light into a spectrum by refraction. It occurs because different colors of light travel at slightly different speeds through transparent substances like glass and water. When white light passes through a prism, violet light is deviated the most and red light is deviated the least, forming a visible spectrum. An example of natural dispersion is a rainbow formed by water droplets in the sky.
3.3 form 4 converging lens
Lenses bend light to form images, either converging or diverging. Convex lenses are thick in the middle and thin at the edges, converging light, while concave lenses are thin in the middle and thick at the edges, diverging light. Ray diagrams illustrate the path of light through lenses using lines representing rays and key points like the optical center, principal axis, focal points, and images. Images can be magnified or diminished, inverted or upright, and real or virtual depending on their position relative to the lens and focal points. Magnification is calculated by comparing the size of the image to the object.
3.2 form 4 light
Light travels as waves and can undergo various phenomena including reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference. Reflection occurs when light hits a surface, causing it to bounce off at the same angle. Refraction happens when light passes from one medium to another of different density, causing it to change speed and bend. This bending is described by Snell's law. Total internal reflection occurs when light passes from a denser to less dense medium at an angle greater than the critical angle, causing it to reflect back inside the denser medium. This principle is applied in devices like optical fibers.
3.2 form 3 light
Light travels as waves and can undergo various interactions as it travels, such as reflection, refraction, and interference. Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface, following the law that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Refraction happens when light passes from one medium to another of different density, causing it to change speed and bend according to Snell's law. Refraction is responsible for phenomena like dispersion and the apparent bending of objects in water.
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Wk 23 p5 wk 25-p2_26.3-26.4_particle and nuclear physics
Wk 23 p5 wk 25-p2_26.3-26.4_particle and nuclear physics
Wk 6 p3 wk 7-p8_1.2-1.3 & 10.1-10.3_ideal gases
Wk 6 p3 wk 7-p8_1.2-1.3 & 10.1-10.3_ideal gases
Wk 5 p1 wk 6-p2_12.1-12.2_thermal properties of materials
Wk 5 p1 wk 6-p2_12.1-12.2_thermal properties of materials
Wk 1 p7 wk 3-p8_13.1-13.3 & 14.6_oscillations & ultrasound
Wk 1 p7 wk 3-p8_13.1-13.3 & 14.6_oscillations & ultrasound
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8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
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Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
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hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsShallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
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快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
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8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
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Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
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1.5 form 4 e_momentum
- 2. 1. MOMENTUM An object with mass moving at a certain speed has momentum. When a moving vehicle runs into a stationary one, the stationary vehicle is pushed forth to some point. This means that momentum is transferred from the moving vehicle to the stationary one. Momentum is defined as: The product of mass and velocity. p = m.v Momentum is measured in kg.m/s. Momentum is a vector quantity. It has magnitude and direction. Example + exercise
- 3. Exercise Determine the momentum of: 1. A 60kg woman moving eastward at 9m/s. 2. A 10 tone truck moving northward at 20m/s 3. A 40,000g fisherman moving southward at 2m/s
- 4. COLLISIONS There are two types of collisions: 1. Elastic collision: 2. Inelastic collision:
- 5. CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM The law of conservation of momentum states that: momentum can neither be created nor destroyed. It is transferred from one object to another. This means that during collision, the sum of momentum before collision is equal to the sum of momentum after collision.
- 6. Example A 2kg clay ball moving at 12m/s strikes a 5kg metal ball. The two balls stick together and move. Calculate the velocity with which the two balls move. exercise
- 7. 2. IMPULSE A force applied on an object can produce motion or change the motion of a moving object. If the force is applied in the same direction as the object’s motion, there is an increase in velocity of the object. If the force is in the opposite direction, the object slows down. This force is applied in a certain time interval. The amount of force multiplied by the time in which the force is applied is called impulse. It results in change of velocity.
- 8. • Impulse is change in momentum Impulse is denoted as force x time (Ft) Therefore: Ft = mv – mu Where: Ft = impulse (… which is force x time) m = mass v = final velocity u = initial velocity
- 9. Example A 5kg solid ball is moving at 12m/s. A force is applied and its speed reduces to 6m/s. a. Calculate the momentum of the ball before the force is applied. b. What is the momentum after the force is applied? c. Calculate the impulse in this situation. d. If the force was applied for 5s, what is the magnitude of the force?
- 10. Exercise