13. identify the factors that affect momentum and impulse to collisions
of objects.
appreciate the importance of momentum in real life situations.
solve problems by using momentum- impulse formulas for different
for different objects.
14. Let's assume there's a car speeding toward you,
out of control without its brakes, at a speed of
27 m/s (60 mph). Can you stop it by standing in
front of it and holding out your hand?
15. Unless you're Superman, you probably don't want to try
stopping a moving car by holding out your hand.
It's too big, and it's moving way too fast.
16.
17.
18.
19. Things we need to consider in defining momentum:
a. The object has a mass.
b. The object is moving.
• Any moving object with a quantity of matter has
momentum.
• Momentum simply means mass in motion.
22. Sample Problem 1:
Find the momentum of a bumper car if it has a total mass
of 280 kg and a velocity of 3.2 m/s.
Given :
p= ?
m= 280 kg
v= 3.2 m/s
Solution:
p= mv
p= (280 kg) (3.2 m/s )
p= 896 kg ⋅ m/s
23. Sample Problem 2:
The momentum of a second bumper car is 675 kg⋅ m/s.
What is its velocity if its total mass is 300 kg?
Given :
p= 675 kg⋅ m/s
m= 300 kg
v= ?
Solution:
v= p ÷ m
v= (675 kg⋅m/s)÷ (300 kg)
v= 2.25 m/s
24. Sample Problem 3:
A car has a velocity of 20 m/sec and its momentum is 1500
kg⋅m/s. Find the mass of the car.
Given :
p= 1500 kg⋅ m/s
v= 20 m/sec
m=?
Solution:
m= p ÷ v
m= 1500 kg⋅m/s) ÷(20 m/sec)
m= 2.25 kg
25. 1 . What is the momentum of a 20 kg boy
running north at 2 m/s?
2. A beach ball is rolling in a straight line towards you
at a speed of 0.5 m/s. Its momentum is 0.25 kg. m/s.
What is the mass of the beach ball?
3. A 0.5 kg ball has a momentum of 0.05 kg.m/s to the
left. What is its velocity?
31. From the concepts that you have learned, answer the
following questions:
1.Which has more momentum, a huge truck that is not
moving or a small toy cart that is moving?
A. A small toy cart that is moving
B. A huge truck that is not moving
C. Both will have the same momentum
D. Data is insufficient
32. From the concepts that you have learned, answer the
following questions:
2. Two cars, one twice as heavy as the other, moves down a
hill at the same time. The heavier car would have (lesser,
greater) momentum.
A. lesser B. greater
C. insignificant D. same
33. Applying the equation learned, answer the following
problems:
1. A bowling ball whose mass is 4.0 kg is rolling at a rate of
2.5 m/s. What is its momentum?
A. 1 kg m/s B. 11 kg m/s
C. 10 kg m/s D. 100 kg m/s
34. Applying the equation learned, answer the following
problems:
2. A skateboard is rolling at a velocity of 3.0 m/s with a
momentum of 6.0 kg-m/s. What is its mass?
A. 20 kg B. 200 g
C. 2 kg D. 20 000 kg
35. Applying the equation learned, answer the following
problems:
3. A pitcher throws a baseball with a mass of 0.5 kg and a
momentum of 10 kg-m/s. What is its velocity?
A. 20 m/s B. 18 m/s
C. 10 m/s D. 15 m/s
36. If any object of any mass is not moving, it has zero momentum
since its velocity is zero.
37. What do you think will happen to the
busasitpassesalongacurvyroad?
a. it will slow down
b. it will speed up
c. its velocity will not change
38. a. it increases
b. it decreases
c. it does not change at all
How will you describe the velocity of the bus
afterpassingthecurve?
39. a. it increases
b. it decreases
c. it does not change at all
What can you say about the mass of the bus if
fourofthepassengersgoesout?
40. When the object slows down or moves faster, its
velocity decreases or increases. If there is a change in
the velocity or the mass of an object, there is also a
change in momentum. And that change of momentum
is called IMPULSE.
41. Force is needed to change the momentum of a body.
Impulse = Change in momentum I = Δp
The first line is our familiar equation F = ma.
The second line expresses the acceleration as the change in velocity
divided by the change in time. This is the basic definition of
acceleration.
The third line is arrived at through algebra by multiplying each side of
the equation by delta t, canceling it on the right, effectively moving it
over to the left.
42. The left side of the third line is called the
impulse on the object. That is, impulse is
equal to the net force times the length of
time over which that force is applied.
The right side of the third line is called the
change in momentum. So, we say the
impulse equals the change in momentum.
More about the change in momentum later.
For now, we will take a closer look at the
impulse.
43. I = Ft
Impulse is equal to the net force on the object times
the time period over which this force is applied.
I - is the impulse
F - is the applied force
t- is the elapsed time
Body change their momentum through collisions.
46. Sample 3
A 0.2 kg baseball is thrown, and it takes 0.05 seconds for the
pitcher's hand to apply a force to accelerate the ball. Calculate
the force exerted by the pitcher's hand to achieve an impulse
of 4 N·s on the baseball.
Solution:
I = (Force) (time)
4 N·s = F (0.05 s)/ 0.05 s
4 N·s/0.05 s
80 N = F
Given:
F = ?
t = 0.05 s
I = 4 N·s
47. 1 .What is the impulse imparted by a rocket that
exerts 3.9 N for 2.6 seconds?
2. For what time must you exert a force of 50 kg m/s² to
get an impulse of 12 kg. m/s?
3. A soccer player kicks a ball with an impulse of 15 N·s. If
the contact time between the player's foot and the ball is
0.1 seconds, what force was exerted on the ball during the
kick?
48.
49. 1 .What is the impulse imparted by a rocket that
exerts 3.9 N for 2.6 seconds?
Given:
F = 3.9 N
t = 2.6 s
I = ?
Solution:
I = (Force) (time)
I = (3.9 N ) ( 2.6 s )
I = 10. 14 N·s
50. Given:
F = 50 kg m/s²
I = 12 kg. m/s
t = ?
Solution:
I = (Force) (time)
(12 kg.m/s)/(50 kg. m/s²) = (50 kg m/s²)
(t)/ (50 kg. m/s²)
12/ 50 s = t
t= 0.24 s
2. For what time must you exert a force of 50
kg m/s² to get an impulse of 12 kg. m/s?
51. 3. A soccer player kicks a ball with an impulse of 15 N·s.
If the contact time between the player's foot and the
ball is 0.1 seconds, what force was exerted on the ball
during the kick?
Given:
F = ?
t = 0.1 s
I = 15 N·s
Solution:
I = (Force) (time)
15 N·s = F (0.1 s)/ 0.1 s
15 N·s/0.1 s
150 N = F
52.
53.
54.
55. What do you think is the impulse of an object
moving with constant momentum?
Constant - no change
There is no impulse or zero impulse for objects
moving with constant momentum.
56. Therefore, this shows the
relationship between impulse and
momentum. A change in
momentum is equal to impulse.
57.
58. • Which of the two cars has the greater change of velocity?
Car A
59. 2. Which car has the greater change in momentum? Explain
your answer.
Car A, because it travels faster than Car B therefore it has
greater velocity.
60. 3. Which car has the greater impulse?
Car A, because it has greater change in momentum.
61.
62.
63.
64. ASSESSMENT
1. p = 200 kg·m/s ; v= ? ; m= 50 kg
2. p = ? ; v = 25 m/s ; m= 1500 kg
3. p = 600 kg·m/s ; v= 30 m/s ; m = ?
4. p = 2500 kg·m/s ; v = ? ; m = 15 kg
5. p = 1000 kg·m/s ; v= 50 m/s ; m =?
Directions. In a ½ crosswise , apply the momentum formula (p = mv )
to determine the missing values in each item.
65. 1. You apply a force of 50 Newtons to an object for a duration of 2 seconds. Calculate the
impulse and the resulting change in momentum.
2. If an object experiences an impulse of 300 N·s, and the force applied to it is 75 Newtons, how
long did the force act on the object?
3. A car experiences an impulse of 5000 N·s during a collision, and the collision lasts for 0.2
seconds. Calculate the average force exerted on the car during the collision.
4. You want to launch a rocket into space, and you need to apply a force of 200,000 Newtons for a
duration of 120 seconds to achieve the necessary impulse. Calculate the impulse and the resulting
change in momentum.
5. A bullet weighing 24.0g strikes a big tree with a velocity of 510. If the bullet comes to a stop
after travelling 6.00cm inside the tree, what is the average force exerted by the tree on the bullet?
Show the complete solution to each of the problem below.
66. ASSIGNMENT
Part 1. Answer and explain the following.
1. Begin by defining momentum and impulse in your own
words.
2. Explain the difference between momentum and impulse.
3. Provide a real-world example that illustrates the concept
of momentum.
67. ASSIGNMENT
Part 2. Solve the following problems:
a. Calculate the momentum of an object with a mass of 300 kg
and a velocity of 10 m/s.
b. Calculate the impulse experienced by a 1500 N force acting on
an object for 4 seconds.
c. A soccer ball has a mass of 0.4 kg and is kicked with a velocity
of 16 m/s. Calculate its momentum.
68. ASSIGNMENT
Part 3. Real-World Applications
Research and describe one real-world application where the
understanding of momentum and impulse is crucial. Explain how
these concepts are utilized in that application.
69. Submission Guidelines
- Organize your assignment neatly in a document.
- Clearly label each part (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3).
- Show all calculations and provide explanations where necessary.
- Include any additional resources or references you used for
research.
- Submit your assignment by [insert submission method and deadline].
