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Tools of data collection
The document discusses various tools for data collection, including interview schedules and questionnaires, highlighting their definitions, types, advantages, and limitations. It also compares these methods, emphasizing their different applications and the contexts in which they are most effective. Additionally, it provides guidance on interview conduct and questionnaire development while touching on observational research methods.
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Tools of data collection
- 1. sgisave@ymail.com 1 Tools of Data Collection By, S.G.Isave, AssistantProfessor, Tilak College of Education, Pune - India
- 2. sgisave@ymail.com 2 Tools • Questionnaire •Interview schedule • observation
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- 4. sgisave@ymail.com 4 Meaning ofInterview schedule • One to one direct communication between researcher and subject for collection of data. • Series of a questions to be asked in an interview is called interview schedule.
- 5. sgisave@ymail.com 5 Types ofInterview schedule • Structured (for research) • Semi-structured ( flexible but structured) • Non-directive ( free talk on issues) • Focused ( in depth talk on an issue ) (Media)
- 6. sgisave@ymail.com 6 How toconduct an Interview • Interview schedule should as per objectives. • Planning of time, duration, place, mode of recording. • Follow Formalities. • Respect not to answer right of subject. • Use of appropriate Language. • Positive body language. • Directing the interview. • Questioning – proper stress and tone, use of sub questions if required.
- 7. sgisave@ymail.com 7 Limitations • Hesitationto express • Vague • Time restrictions • Less time for thinking • Subjective • Researcher’s influence • Consciousness • Manipulated/polished/sophisticated/socially accepted responses may be preferred.
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- 9. sgisave@ymail.com 9 Meaning • Seriesof questions in written form. • Indirect interview • Widely used tool
- 10. sgisave@ymail.com 10 When touse • Objective tool • Factual data required • Large sample • Minimum cost & time • Crossing Geographical limitations
- 11. sgisave@ymail.com 11 Types • Open •Close • Mixed • E-mail • Web based • Live • Distance
- 12. sgisave@ymail.com 12 Development ofQuestionnaire • Objectives • Content analysis • Combination of Types of questions. • Sequence of questions. • Statistical techniques. • Questions- clear, correct, to the point, appropriate nos.,
- 13. sgisave@ymail.com 13 Administration ofQuestionnaire • Appointment • Take in to confidence • Instructions and expectation • Tackling queries • Postage • Formalities
- 14. sgisave@ymail.com 14 Advantages ofQuestionnaire • Objectivity • Freedom to think • Flexibility of time • Free to answer.
- 15. sgisave@ymail.com 15 Limitations ofQuestionnaire • Difficult to analyze. • Environmental effects. • Collection is a challenge • Ambiguous
- 16. sgisave@ymail.com 16 Qualities ofGood Questionnaire • EXTERNAL - • Instructions • Primary Information • Font style and Type • Grammar • Quality, colour and size of Paper. • Proper space for response. • Postage • INTERNAL - • Clarity and simplicity of questions • Validity and reliability • As per age of subjects. • Divisions as per Objectives. • Pilot study
- 17. sgisave@ymail.com 17 Interview schedulevs questionnaire • Live / Real time • Direct questionnaire • More subjective. • Useful for experts, Illiterate people, parents etc. • To know views. • More time per subject. • Variety of data from a person. • Informal way. • Not easy to analyze • Flexible • One to one interaction • Researcher note responses. • Own time of subject. • Indirect interview. • More objectives. • Useful for subjects, teacher, students etc. • To collect factual data • Min time more info. • Specific data from more subjects. • Formal way. • Comparatively easier to analyze. • Rigid • One to many reaction. • Subject notes responses.
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- 19. sgisave@ymail.com 19 Types ofObservation • Overt – subject are aware • Covert - unaware • Participant • Non-participant
- 20. sgisave@ymail.com 20 Precautions inObservation • Appropriate tools • Field notes • Informal approach • Building rapport • What to observe • Use of audio visual devices
- 21. sgisave@ymail.com 21 Advantages • Naturalresponse • Real collection of a data • All round data • Self experience • Understanding the subject. • Useful for sociological research. • Useful for linear research.
- 22. sgisave@ymail.com 22 Limitations • Subjectivity •Temporary form of data is acquired. • Difficult to analyze the data. • Time consumable. • Practical difficulties.
- 23. sgisave@ymail.com 23 Lets gobeyond content…
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- 25. sgisave@ymail.com 25 Can I qualifyin first attempt? ……..Yes, Why not !
- 26. sgisave@ymail.com 26 If Ido this • Believe yourself. • Understand the nature of the exam. • Collect all the units of syllabus. • Don’t be scared of passing percentage of the exam.
- 27. sgisave@ymail.com 27 If Ido this.. • Prepare seriously. • Don’t just try for experience. • Prepare your own notes. • Practice to write answers. • Avoid Grammatical mistakes.
- 28. sgisave@ymail.com 28 If Ido this • Solve old question paper with time management and get it checked from an expert. • Construct diagrams. • Update your knowledge with books, periodicals, internet etc. • Discuss with peer, teachers, successful candidates.
- 29. sgisave@ymail.com 29 • Beconfident. • Be healthy, because learning is also physical activity. • Be careful about filling application form, attaching documents, admit cart,
- 30. sgisave@ymail.com 30 All theBest • If you try hard in proper direction, “You all will qualify in coming SET exam. in first attempt.”
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