Validity: Validity refers to how well a test measures what it is purported to measure. Types of Validity: 1. Logic valididty: Validity which is in the form of theory, statements. It has 2 types. I. Face Validity: It is the extent to which the measurement method appears “on its face” to measure the construct of interest. • Example: • suppose you were taking an instrument reportedly measuring your attractiveness, but the questions were asking you to identify the correctly spelled word in each list II. Content Validity: Measuring all the aspects contributing to the variable of the interest. Example: For physical fitness temperature, height and stamina are supposed to be assess then a test of fitness must include content about temperatures, height and stamina. 2. Criterion It is the extent to which people’s scores are correlated with other variables or criteria that reflect the same construct Example: An IQ test should correlate positively with school performance. An occupational aptitude test should correlate positively with work performance. Types of Criterion Validity  Concurrent validity: • When the criterion is something that is happening or being assessed at the same time as the construct of interest, it is called concurrent validity. • Example: Beef test.  Predictive validity: • A new measure of self-esteem should correlate positively with an old established measure. When the criterion is something that will happen or be assessed in the future, this is called predictive validity. • Example: GAT, SAT Other types of validity Internal Validity: It is basically the extent to which a study is free from flaws and that any differences in a measurement are due to an independent variable and nothing else External Validity • It is the extent to which the results of a research study can be generalized to different situations, different groups of people, different settings, different conditions, etc.

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Name: Bibi Nadia
Roll number: 2020-B.Ed(Hons)-10
Semester: 4
Department: Education
Program: Bachelor
Session: 2020-2024
Subject: Classroom Assessment
Educator: Dr. Syed Yasir Ali Gilani
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7 / 5 / 2 0 2 2

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Name: Bibi Nadia
Roll number: 2020-B.Ed(Hons)-10
Semester: 4
Department: Education
Program: Bachelor
Session: 2020-2024
Subject: Classroom Assessment
Educator: Dr. Syed Yasir Ali Gilani
2
7 / 5 / 2 0 2 2

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Validity and its
types
F i n a l p r e s e n t a t i o n

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“ Her objections were completely valid.
You make a valid point.
You must present valid identification.
Their marriage is not legally valid.
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The word "valid" is derived
from the Latin validus,
meaning strong.

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“
The volume of your voice does not
increase the validity of your arguments.
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Validity:
“validity is the extend to which a test
measures what it claim to measure.”
“The soundness or appropriateness of a tool
or instrument in measuring, what it suppose
to measure?”

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Validity refers to credibility of the assessment tool. (the quality of
being trusted and believed in)
validity refers to how well the assessment tool actually measures
the underlying outcome of interest.
Validity refers to how well a test measures what it is purported to
measure.

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“
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validity
logic
(theory)
face content
Criterion
concurrent predictive
Consistency
Construct
reliability objectivity

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Types of Validity:
A. Logic validity:
Validity which is in the form of theory, statements. It has 2 types.
1.Face Validity:
It is the extent to which the measurement method appears “on its face” to measure the construct
of interest.
Face validity explains whether the content or data of the study can truly represent the aims of the
test.
• Example:
• suppose you were taking an instrument reportedly measuring your attractiveness, but the
questions were asking you to identify the correctly spelled word in each list
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2. Content Validity:
• Measuring all the aspects contributing to the variable of the interest.
• Example:
• For physical fitness temperature, height and stamina are supposed to be assess
then a test of fitness must include content about temperatures, height and stamina.
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B. Criterion Validity:
• It is the extent to which people’s scores are correlated
with other variables or criteria that reflect the same
construct
• Example:
• An IQ test should correlate positively with school
performance.
• An occupational aptitude test should correlate positively
with work performance.
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Types of Criterion Validity
Concurrent validity:
• refers to the degree to which the operationalization correlates
with other measures of the same construct that are measured at
the same time.
• Example:
• Beef test
Predictive validity:
• refers to the degree to which the operationalization can predict
(or correlate with) other measures of the same construct that are
measured at some time in the future.
• Example:
GAT, SAT
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Other types of validity:
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Internal Validity: External Validity:
• Internal validity is the concept of how much confidence
you have in the result of your research.
• or
• It is basically the extent to which a study is free from
flaws and that any differences in a measurement are
due to an independent variable and nothing else.
• Example: If we implement a smoking cessation
program with a group of individuals, how sure can you
be that any improvement seen in the treatment that you
administered.
• Regular practice of mathematics improve students
grades
• “Refers to how well the outcome of a study
can be expected to apply to other settings”
• or
• It is the extent to which the results of a
research study can be generalized to different
situations, different groups of people, different
settings, different conditions, etc
• For Examples: Medicine can be generalized
or not?
• Covid-19 Vaccine
• .

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Statistical validity:
Statistical conclusion validity involves ensuring the use of
adequate sampling procedures, appropriate statistical
tests, and reliable measurement procedures

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Thank You