The document outlines the 10 key steps in the research process:
1. Selecting a research topic and defining the problem.
2. Specifying the research objectives.
3. Developing a research design and determining what information is required.
4. Designing methods to collect primary and secondary data, such as through surveys.
5. Analyzing and interpreting the results to draw conclusions.
6. Preparing a final research report to communicate the findings to clients.
Methods of data collection (research methodology)Muhammed Konari
Included all types of data collection.Includes primary data collection and secondary data collection. Described each and every classification of Data collections which are included in KTU Kerala.
Methods of data collection (research methodology)Muhammed Konari
Included all types of data collection.Includes primary data collection and secondary data collection. Described each and every classification of Data collections which are included in KTU Kerala.
A literature review is a search and evaluation of the available literature in your given subject or chosen topic area. It documents the state of the art with respect to the subject or topic you are writing about. It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study.
A literature review is a search and evaluation of the available literature in your given subject or chosen topic area. It documents the state of the art with respect to the subject or topic you are writing about. It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
2. What is research……….???
Systematic search for knowledge
through method of study,
observation, comparison &
experiment.
What is research process……???
Series of various actions,
which are necessary to
effective research work.
3. 3
STAGES OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS
1) Selecting the research topic
2) Define the decision problem or opportunity
3) Specify the research objectives
4) Develop a research design
5) Specify the information required.
6) Design the method of collecting information.
7) Design the questionnaire
8) Manage and implement the data collection
9) Analyze and interpret the results.
10) Write a Final research report
4. Step 1 – Selecting the research topic
• Basic Step in research
• Research is possible in Marketing, banking
insurance, transport, export etc
• For e.g.: In marketing we have areas of
research such as product research, price
research, etc….
• Primary decision in a research process is to
select the research area.
5. Step 2 - Define the research problem
The second, and the most important step in research:
• “A problem well-defined is half solved”
• Nature of the problem determines the type of study to
conduct.
• for example, declining sales, profit, market share, or
customer loyalty are not problems.
PROCESS INVOLVED IN DEFINING THE PROBLEM
• 1). STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM IN A GENERAL WAY
• .
• 2).UNDERSTANDING THE NATURE Of PROBLEM
• 3) .SURVEYING THE AVAILABLE LITERATURE
6. Step 3: Establish Research Objectives
• If you do not know what you are looking for, you won’t find it”
• In establishing research objectives, the researcher must answer the
following questions:
i) What specific information should the project provide?
ii) If more than one type of information will be developed from
the study, which is the most important? and finally,
iii) What are the priorities?
7. EXPLORATORY
Focus Group;
Observation;
Others.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
DESCRIPTIVE
Survey research
CAUSAL
Laboratory Experiment
Field Experiment
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
MARKETING RESEARCH
Step 4: Research Design
Research Design step involves the development of a research plan for
carrying out the study.
– There are a number of alternative research designs. The choice
will largely depend on the research purpose.
8. Step 5: Specify the information required.
After defining the problem the researcher must determine
what kind of information will best meet the research
objectives.
Secondary information – Information
that is readily available. E.g.
- Internet, Magazines, books,
Primary information – Information that
needs to be found by conducting
Survey, Observation or
experimentation
9. Step 6: Design the method of collecting the
needed information.
Marketing research information
may be collected in many
ways:
– via mail, telephone, fax,
Internet, or personal
interview.
– using consumer panels,
consisting of individuals
who have agreed to
provide purchasing and
media viewing behavior.
10. Step 7: Design the questionnaire.
• You need to have a questionnaire to collect Primary data
• A primary responsibilities of a marketing researcher is to
design the data collection instrument or questionnaire in a
manner so that it is easily understood by the respondent
and administered to them.
11. 11
• Have you ever ........?
• Do you ever ........?
• Who do you know ........?
• When did you last ........?
• Which do you do most often ........?
• Who does it ........?
• How many ........?
• Do you have ........?
• In what way do you do it ........?
• In the future will you ........?
Behavioral questions address the following:
They determine people's
actions in terms of what they
have eaten (or drunk), bought,
used, visited, seen, read or
heard. Behavioral questions
record facts and not matters of
opinion.
12. 12
• What do you think of ........?
• Why do you ........?
• Do you agree of disagree ........?
• How do you rate ........?
• Which is best (or worst) for ........?
Attitudinal questions address the following:
Attitudes are opinions or basic
beliefs which people have about
the products
they buy, the companies they
deal with and it is attitudes that
motivates people
in their actions.
13. Step 8: Manage and implement the data
collection.
The researcher must properly manage and oversee the data
collection process.
– If interview method is used, the researcher must train interviewers
and develop procedures for controlling the quality of the
interviewing.
14. Step 9: Analyze and interpret the results.
The ‘raw’ research data needs to be edited, tabulated and analyzed to
find the results and to interpret them.
– the method used may be manual or computer based.
– The analysis plan follows from the research objective of the study.
– Association and relationships of variables are identified and discussed in the
light of the specific marketing problem.
15. 15
ANALYZE DATA
• This process is the most important process in the research
as the results are generated on the basis of data preparation.
• After the data collecting stage the collected data is
– edited,
– Coded,
– transcribed
– corrected if required and
– validated.
• Uni/multivariate techniques are used for analyzing data
when there is a single/multiple measurement of each
element or unit in the sample data.
16. 16
Data is collected
from stores &
consumers
Our associates
analyze &
interpret the
data
We draw
conclusions
& make recos
to clients
$$
Leads to
business
success for
our clients
What Does It All Mean?
Interpret the Data
17. Step 10:Prepare & Present the Final Research Report
Findings are presented often by research
,objective should be in clear and concise way
It is a report that communicates properly and
result to clients