IRJET- Evaluation of Rework Factors Affecting Cost and Schedule Performance in Construction Projects

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 489
Evaluation of Rework Factors Affecting Cost and Schedule Performance
in Construction Projects.
Aman Sen, A.K. Dwivedi, Dr. M.K. Trivedi
Civil Engineering Department, MITS, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract: - Rework is a tenable problem in construction industry. The additional cost and duration due to rework can have
effect on overall project performance work. The research represented in this paper aims to identify the rework factors and
calculate the total rework cost in construction projects. Using a questionnaire survey, the data was analyzed from various
infrastructure projects and from the past researches the four main factors and their sub factors are selected which is most
responsible for rework in construction projects. The ranking of rework factors is done by the analytical hierarchy process
and rework cost can be calculated by the probabilistic approach.
Author Keywords: - project management, rework cost, AHP, critical path, schedule overruns.
1. Introduction: -
Rework is an ordinary situation in construction projects and has been identified as the factors that can increase construction
project cost, project duration and reduce the construction project performance. Abandon defects, errors, poor management
and non-conformance may result into cost growth and schedule growth in construction projects. Rework is defined as the
activity that was improperly performed at the first time in construction.
The main factors can affect the project performance is lack of use of information technology, client involvement, unclear
working procedure, changes made by the client PETER E.D. LOVE (2010). The direct cost of rework is 12.4% of total
construction cost BURATI et al (1992). And the rework cost is 11% of the contract value in construction project NURIA
FORCADA (2017). The awarded budget is approximately 17% of the corrected budget.
This condition of rework in construction is occurred due to the insufficiency in details analysis of construction work and
during the design process lack of use of technology in construction work NURIA FORCADA AND ANGELA P (2017). The
rework schedule overrun is 38.26% of the total construction project duration and approximately 10 % cost overrun of the
total construction project cost L.O. OYEWOBI, A.A. OKE (2011).
The main object of this research is to identify the rework factors and classify the rework factors according to there weightage
which is most responsible for rework in construction industry and calculate the total rework cost in construction projects.
2. OBJECTIVE: -
1. To identify rework factors and ranking of the rework factors.
2. Calculate the total rework cost in construction project.
3. SOURCES OF REWORK: -
Total 20 factors of rework are taken in study and these rework factors are classified into 4 main groups as shown in table.
3.1.

Table-3.1: lists of factors causes rework in construction projects.
Sr
no.
Group Factors
1 design related factors Poor used of advanced engineering
Inadequate details collection before preparing design
Poor communication between members of design team
Design mistake due to numerous design
Insufficiency of attention on design details
2 Client related factors Money and time spent on preparation of work
Poor coordination with design consultants
Insufficiency of experience and understanding of design
Shortage of funding for site investigation
Lack of client participation
3 Contractor related factors Imperfect construction technique
Unsuitable construction methods procedure
Low quality of construction materials
Imperfect observation of acceptance
material/equipment’s
Insufficiency of mechanical equipment’s
4 Extraneous environment
factors
Changes rules and regulation by the government
Construction work affected by social and cultural factors
Improper site condition
Improve standard by the end users
Dangerous natural climate and atmosphere
The table 3.1 will be used for analyzing the data to find the rank of rework alternatives and relative importance of the rework
alternatives by analytical hierarchy process.
4. Research Methodology: -
The goal of this research is done by two strategies first is the relative importance of 4 main factors and there sub factors is
evaluated by the analytical hierarchy process and total rework cost is calculated by the probabilistic approach.
4.1 Analytical hierarchy process: - AHP is a multi-criteria decision making tool used for designate the alternatives by pair
wise comparison of each criteria’s which is accomplished by comparing pair wise alternatives this is done by following
steps:-
1. Construct the model of decision matrix.
2. Evaluate the priorities of each criteria’s.
3. Evaluate the priorities of sub criteria’s.
4. Evaluate the alternatives with highest priorities or weightage, by evaluating consistency index followed by consistency
ratio which should be less than 10%.

Table 4.1.1
This analysis is used for evaluating rework cost as shown in Table-4.1.1
4.2 Rework Cost Mechanism: - the method generated for calculating rework amount and rework cost
Where,
= this is the critical activity duration.
= the weightage of rework activities, which is obtained by evaluating the priorities weightage of each criteria’s which
is maximum of all.
= total cost which is associated with each critical activity.
=the amount of rework which is related to the cost of rework, as the rework increases, cost of project increases hence
result in increasing in rework cost.
The critical activity is the one which significantly affect the project cost, hence the above methodology is adopted for critical
activities.
5. Data analysis:-
5.1Data analysis by analytical hierarchy process
The relative importance of main group and there sub groups is determined by analytical hierarchy process.
= *
=

Table-5.1.1 Main Group ranking
Factors weight Rank
Design related factors .085 4
Client related factors .512 1
Contractor related factors .292 2
Extraneous environment factors .111 3
The ranking of the main group is s hown in table 5.1.1
Table-5.1.2 Ranking of design related factors
Factors weight Rank
Poor used of advanced
engineering
.260 2
Inadequate details collection
before preparing design
.077 5
Poor communication between
members of design team
.172 3
Design mistake due to
numerous design
.099 4
Insufficiency of attention on
design details
.393 1
The ranking of the factors under the influence of design related factors is shown in 5.1.2
Table-5.1.3 Ranking of client related factors
The ranking of the factors under the influence of extraneous environment factors is shown in 5.1.3 Table-5.1.4
Ranking of contractor related factors

The ranking of the factors under the influence of contractor related factors is shown in 5.1.4
Table-5.1.5 Ranking Of Extraneous Environment Factors
The ranking of the factors under the influence of extraneous environment factors is shown in 5.1.5
Table-5.1.6 Global Ranking
The ranking of the factors under the influence of client related factors is shown in 5.1.6

5.2 Rework cost calculation: -
In this research study Calculate the rework amount and rework cost, take an example for calculation of rework amount and
rework cost. activity A,B,C,D,E,F and there duration and normal cost are show in example. And the network diagram of these
activity is also shown,
Activity Duration (days) Normal cost (₹)
A 120 12,000/-
B 20 1,800/-
C 40 16,000/-
D 30 1,400/-
E 40 3,600/-
F 60 13,500/-
FIG. 1 ACTIVITY NETWORK DIAG.
Table 5.2.1 cost calculation for critical activity B
FACTORS DURATION
(DAYS)
COST WEIGHTAGE REWORK
AMOUNT
REWOK
COST (₹)
Lack of experience and knowledge
of design and construction process.
20 DAYS 1800
.288 5.76 103.68
Poor quality of construction
technique
.266 5.32 95.76
Poor use of advanced engineering .133 2.66 47.88
Adverse natural condition .111 2.22 39.96
Lack of use of advanced mechanical
equipment’s
.100 2 36.00
The total rework cost for activity B is shown in table 5.2.1

Table 5.2.2 cost calculation for critical activity C
FACTORS DURATION
(DAYS)
AMOUNT
REWORK
COST (₹)
40 DAYS 16000
.288 11.52 1843.2
Poor quality of
construction technique
.266 10.64 1702
Lack of use of advanced
mechanical equipment's
.100 4.0 640
The total rework cost for activity C is shown in table 5.2.2
Table 5.2.3 cost calculation for critical activity D
FACTORS DURATION
(DAYS)
AMOUNT
REWORK
COST (₹)
30 DAYS 1400
.288 8.63 120.96
Poor quality of
construction technique
.266 7.98 110.46
.100 3.00 42.00
The total rework cost for activity D is shown in table 5.2.3
Table 5.2.4 cost calculation for critical activity E
FACTORS DURATION
(DAYS)
AMOUNT
REWORK
COST (₹)

Lack of experience and
knowledge of design and
construction process.
40 DAYS 3600
.288 11.52 414,72
Poor quality of construction
technique
.266 10.64 383.04
Poor use of advanced
engineering
.133 5.32 191.52
.100 4.0 144.00
The total rework cost for activity E is shown in table 5.2.4
The total rework cost for critical path B-C-D-E IS 7740/- and the total project cost for overall project is 48300/- according
to these data the total rework cost is 18.40% of the total project cost in construction industry.
Conclusion:-
The important conclusion withdraw from this research study is the client and contractor related factors are most responsible
for rework in construction projects. And the ranking of four main groups respectively are client related factors, contractor
related factors, extraneous environment factors and design related factors.
Lack of experience and knowledge of design and construction process, poor quality of construction technique and poor used
of advanced engineering are more responsible for rework in construction process.
The total rework cost is approximately 15-20% of the total project cost in construction work based on the probabilistic
approach.
REFERENCES:-
1. Love, P. E. D., Edwards, D. J., Irani, Z., and Walker, D. H. T. 2009. “Project pathogens: The anatomy of omission errors
in construction and resource engineering projects.” IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage., 563, 425–435.
2. Zhang, D. (2010). “Analysis of a construction small-projects rework reduction program for a capital facility.”J. Constr.
Eng. Manage., 2012, 138(12):1377-1385
3. Blacud, N. A., Bogus, S. M., Diekmann, J. E., and Molenaar, K. R. (2009). “Sensitivity of construction activities under
design uncertainty.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage., 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2009)135:3(199), 199–206
4. Love, P. E. D., Irani, Z., and Edwards, D. J. 2004. “A rework reduction model for construction projects.” IEEE Trans.
Eng. Manage., 514, 426–440.
5. Reza Dehghan and Janaka Y. Ruwnapura (2014). “model of trade-off between overlapping and rework of design
activities.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage., 2014, 140(2): 04013043
6. Love, P. E. D., and Edwards, D. 2005. “Calculating total rework costs in Australian construction projects.” Civ. Eng.
Environ. Syst., 221, 11– 27.
7. Nuria Forcada ,Angela P. Alvarez,Peter E. D. Love, and David J. Edwards (2017) “ Rework in Urban Renewal Projects
in Colombia” j. Infrastruct., 2017, 23(2):04016034

8. Love, P. E. D., and Edwards, D. 2005. “Calculating total rework costs in Australian construction projects.” Civ. Eng.
Environ. Syst., 221, 11– 27.
9. Gui ye, Zhigang Jin, Bo Xia (2015) “analyzing causes for reworks in construction projects in china.” J. Manage. Eng.,
2015, 31(6): 04014097
10. Nuriya Forcada, Fartna Ganggolells, Miquel Casals(2017) “factors affecting rework cost in construction.” J. Constr.
Eng. Manage., 2017, 143(8): 04017032
11. Love, P. E. D., and Smith, J. 2003. “Bench-marking, bench-action and bench-learning: Rework mitigation in projects.”
J. Manage. Eng., 194, 147–159

IRJET- Evaluation of Rework Factors Affecting Cost and Schedule Performance in Construction Projects

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to IRJET- Evaluation of Rework Factors Affecting Cost and Schedule Performance in Construction Projects

Similar to IRJET- Evaluation of Rework Factors Affecting Cost and Schedule Performance in Construction Projects (20)

More from IRJET Journal

More from IRJET Journal (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

IRJET- Evaluation of Rework Factors Affecting Cost and Schedule Performance in Construction Projects