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1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2175 Study on Comparison of Precast and Cast In-Situ Construction of the Structure based on Economic Category Manbhawan Singh1, Jatin Mehta2, Kapil Soni3 1Department of Structural Engineering, Rabindranath Tagore University, Bhopal, 2Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, Rabindranath Tagore University, Bhopal, 3HOD Department of Civil Engineering, Rabindranath Tagore University, Bhopal, ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - India has been trying to transform from an agricultural society to an industrial society. Fordecades, India has invested a lot of money in education to develop its people in fields that would make its transition to an industrial nation much easier. As a result, labour costs have risen exponentially. Like other Asian countries, India is now facing a rising labour cost and a lack of both skilled and un-skilled workers. Many developers and contractors in India also see this problem and respond by using more prefabrication; this attracts many investors from all over the world to invest more in the prefabricated construction business. Currently, there are several residential developers in India that use prefabrication for their projects. In the near future, prefabricationisexpected to play a major role in India construction, especially, in the residential construction like in many European countries and the United States. In order to compare Cost and Time relationshipexistsbetween Precast and Cast in-situ construction, G+2 storey building is considered Key Words: Prefab, cast in-situ construction, comparison. 1.INTRODUCTION Prefabrication plays an important role in the modern world construction of every building today, it refers to the making of parts in an offsite workshop or factory prior to the installation at the site. “The primary purpose of prefabrication is to produce building components in an efficient work environment with accesses to specialized skills and equipment in order to reduceoverall costandtime expenditures on the site while enhancing quality and consistency”. Most new construction will have to use more and more prefabrication. From primary structures to small architectural ornaments, prefabrication has becomea major part of building construction. Although prefabricationisa common methodofconstruction in the U.S. and in many European countries, several countries in Asia are still not familiar with this method. Because those Asian countries have different social and economic systems from the U.S., theytendtousemoreactual manpower for constructions rather than prefabrication methods. Construction methods that requirea lotofphysical labour such as masonry, hand paintorcast-in-placeconcrete are common in India. BecauseIndia isanagricultural society, the labour wage for agricultural work in India is muchlower than the labour wage for industrial work in the United States. Furthermore, unlike the United States, a lot of countries in Asia including India mayhavefewerconcerns in many important aspects of building construction, such as preciseness, on-site safety, energy saving and waste management during a construction. All these issues can be resolved by prefabrication methods. 1.1NEED OF STUDY Urbanization is the rapid influx of people migrating to cities. The UN has predicted that by 2050, 64.1% and 85.9% of the developing and developed world respectively will be urbanized. Withlimitedresourcesoflabour,timeandfinance, slums around the world continue to grow in uninhabitable conditions forhumans. Rapidurbanizationandavailabilityof jobs in attracts thousands of people around the nation seeking work opportunities. Perhaps, a dearth of residential houses and rising prices has forcedmillionstoliveinslumsin uninhabitable conditions. Which lead to the shortages of the mass housing. In India rising urbanization has created an imminent urban housing shortage of around 18.78 million houses. The shortage is more prominent in the Economically Weaker Section (EWS) / Lower Income Group (LIG)/Middle Income Group (MIG), which comprises of 95.62% of the housing shortage. Quite aptly, urban planners, real estate players and the government have all been eyeing at the development of the mass or affordable housing projects to cater to the needs of the lower- or middle-income households.
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2176 2. METHODOLOGY Study Literature review Collecting data by Survey Interviews Study Demand and Supply for future requirement and Present scenario of constructing structure in India Precast construction Cast in-situ construction Installed factory of Precast Select suitable site Calculate load (Number of elements casting & labour working) on the factory Compare Economic and Social factor Result 3. PLAN PREPARATION Plan preparation is done for the G+2 building toestimatethe quantities of conventional and precast constructions. The plan of the building is shown in fig.1 Fig-1 Typical plan of Ground, first and second floor Table -1: Plan Details STRUCTURE G+2 One Block Area 184.02 Sqm. Number of Block 89 Number of Units in one Block 18 Number of dwelling units proposed 1602 Nos. 4. ESTIMATION OF QUANTITIES Estimation is used to find out the requirement of the materials for both the constructions. The details of the materials which are used in the construction from the companies were collected. By getting these details we can estimate the quantities of the materials. Table -2: Details of area used in Constructions S No Description Area Unit Percentage 1 Total Land Area 45000 Sqm. 2 Total block area 16378 Sqm. 36.40 3 Area of Roads 11622 Sqm. 25.83 4 Amenities 17000 Sqm. 37.78 5 Total 100 4.1Cost Analysis This is the main factor which is considered in the projectisto find out the comparison of cost analysis of building for the prefab construction and conventional construction. In this analysis we want to consider the resources of labour, material and machineries. Table-3: Cost Analysis Cast in-situ Construction G+2 storey Activity Cost in rupees A) Foundation and plinth Beam 459317 B) Ground Floor 1211635 C) First Floor 1177846 D) Second Floor 1177846 Subtotal 4026644 Cost of the one block in-situ structure is Forty lac twenty-six thousand six hundred forty-four (4026644) Hence Cost of the one unit Two lacs twenty-four thousand (224000)
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2177 Fig-2 Cast in-situ construction Cost Table-4: Cost Analysis of Precast wall bearing Construction Activity Cost in rupees A) Foundation and plinth Beam 459317 B) Ground Floor 1383051 C) First Floor 1351934 D) Second Floor 1351934 Subtotal 4546236 Cost of the one block in precast structure – Forty-five lacs forty-six thousand two hundred thirty-six (4546236) Hence cost of one unit Two lacs fifty-three thousand (253000) Fig-3 Precast wall bearing construction Cost Fig-4 Relationship between Cast in-situ and Precast construction Cost 4.2 PROJECT DURATION Project duration of each construction was collected from the site offices and compares the time of completion of gives the project duration of precast and conventional construction of the building. G+2 CAST IN-SITU RCC FRAMED STRUCTURE- the Time period of the one block having 18 units given below Table-5: Time Analysis of Cast in-situ Construction Activity Day Total days A) Foundationand plinthBeam 30 30 B) Ground Floor 20 50 C) First Floor 20 70 D) Second Floor 20 90 Subtotal 90 Fig-5 Cast in-situ construction time
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2178 Table-6: Time Analysis of Precast Construction Activity Day Total days A) Foundation and plinth Beam 30 30 B) Ground Floor 7 37 C) First Floor 7 44 D) Second Floor 7 51 Sub total 51 Fig-6 Precast wall bearing construction Time Fig-7 Relationship between Cast in-situ and Precast construction Time 4.3 REPAIRING WORK Repairing work of each construction was collected from the housing and compares the repairing work for gives the project of the precast and conventional construction of the building. Fig-8 Relationship between Cast in-situ and Precast construction of repair work 5. CONCLUSIONS We have study and analyzed the both methods cast in-situ construction and precast construction. The initial cost of precast construction is more than Cast in-situ construction because in India cost of precast labour (skilled) is morethan normal labour. And lack of knowledge about the precast construction. The cost of maintenance (repair cost) is more in cast in-situ construction as compare to precast construction. But after 15-20-year precast construction is economical. And Time saving in precast construction is 40-50% of the Cast in-situ construction. At the end value of cast in-situ construction is 2% but at the end value of precast construction is 50% because it can be easily recyclable. More significant advantages, such as improved quality control, reduction of construction time, construction waste, dust and noise on-site, and less labour requirement on-site. Fig-9 Relationship between Cast in-situ and Precast construction of the Total Cost
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2179 REFERENCES [1] N.Dineshkumar, P.Kathirvel “Comparative Study on PrefabricationConstruction withCastIn-SituConstructionof Residential Buildings” April 2015 [2] Wajiha Shahzad, Jasper Mbachu and Niluka Domingo “Marginal Productivity Gained Through Prefabrication:Case Studies of Building Projects in Auckland” February 2015 [3] Krish R. Villaitramani, Dhruv P. Hirani “prefabricated construction for mass housing in mumbai” October 2014 [4] Wajiha Shahzad, Jasper Mbachu, and Niluka Domingo “prefab content versus cost and time savings inconstruction projects: a regression analysis” November 2014 [5] Xiaoling Zhang, Liyin Shen,Yuzhe Wu“Greenstrategy for gaining competitive advantage in housing development: a China study” August 2010 [6] Ying Chen, Gül E. Okudan , David R. Riley “Sustainable performance criteria for construction method selection in concrete buildings” October 2009 [7] http://www.precastindiainfrastructurespvt.ltd [8] http://www.amrapaligrouppvt.ltd [9] http://www.bbcInfrastructurespvt.ltd [10] http://www.indianprecastfactory.com BIOGRAPHIES MANBHAWAN SINGH Structural Engineering
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