BA Senior Essay

1. i
ARBBA MINCCE YUNBBERSSITE
SAWLA KAMPAASEN
TOPHPHIYA DOONANNE BILA-XUUFE: GOOFATHO TIMIRTTE
KIFILE
SAWLA KATAMA AYSO ISSIPETETHA ASA GAATHAN
HAASAYETTIYA DOONA DUMMATETHATANNE ISSIPETETHAAS
IMMIYA GO7AANNE QOHATA XOMOOSO.
GIIGISIDAY
BALAXA YENANASHO
ZORIYA ASTTAMAAREY
MARQOOSA IYAASU (MA)
GUSTTAMA, 2014 M.L.
ARBBA MINCCE, TOPHPHIYA

2. ii
SAWLA KATAMA AYSO ISSIPETETHA ASA GAATHAN HAASAYETTIYA
DOONA DUMMATETHATANNE ISSIPETETHAAS IMMIYA GO7AANNE
QOHATA XOMOOSO.
HA PILGETHA OOSOY ARBBA MINCCE YUNIBERESITE SAWLA
KAMPAASEN TOPHPHIYA DOONATANNE BILA XUUFE: GOOFATHO
TIMIRTE KIFILEN KOYRO DIGIRES KUNTHETHO OOSETTIDABA
GIIGISIDAY
BALAXA YENANASHO
ZORIYA ASTTAMAARE
MARQOOSA IYAASU (MA)
GUSTTAMA, 2014 M.L
ARBBA MINCCE, TOPHPHIYA

3. i
Buzo Ooso Gidoyssa Qonciso
Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethatanne issipetethaas
immiya go7aanne qohata xomooso giya kaaran oosettida pilgethay ta buzo ooso gidishin hara
yuniberesten oosetidi shiiqonaba. Markanddo pultto gididi maadida maxaafeta adarsanchata
galatashe markka maxaafe giya sima kaara garssan entta sunthanne entti xaafida maxaafa suntha
bonchon qoncisas.
Tamaare sunthay:_______________________
Pirma:_________________________
Gaagla: ________________________

4. ii
Zoraadde Astamaare Tillayo Qofa
Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethatanne issipetethaas
immiya go7aanne qohata xomooso giya kaaran Goofatho doonanne bila xuufe timirtte kifilen
Goofatho doonanne bila xuufe timirtten koyro digres kunthetho gididi oosettida Balaxa
Yenanasho onare paydo RSSH/1074/1074/11 pilgethay ta immiya zore suure ekashe polidaba
gidiya gisho pilgetha shiishos shiiqo.
Zoraadde Astamaariya Sunthaa Pirma Gaagla
------------------------------ ---------------------------- ------------------------
Giddo Yiggi Xeelanchaa Pirma Gaagla
------------------------------ ---------------------------- ------------------------

5. iii
Galata
Ubappeka koyro ta ifila naagidi ha oosuwa oothana mela tawu miyyen eqqidi ubbaba tawu injeyida
de7uwa Xoosa ta wozanape galatays. Ha pilgetha oosuwaa ta oothishin ta zoraadde astamaareynne
dumma dumma asati gita maade tawu immidoosona. Ta zoraadde astamaariya Marqoosa Iyaasu ta
oosuwa matan kaallishe, ta pacciya kunthishe, ta bala ubba ashkatethan dandda7i aathishe tana haysas
gathida gisho de7uwa Xoosa sunthan ta galatishin ta ufayssas zawi baawa. Kaallidi ta oosuwa bornashi
xeellidi issi issi balata taas giigisishe tana maadida ta laggetanne yela asata ubbaa wozanape galatays.
Wursethan,

6. iv
Xuntha Kuuyetha
Ha pilggetha oosoy Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona
dummatethatanne issipetethaas immiya go77anne qohata xomooso giya kaaran
oosettidaba.Doona dummatethi doona ubban de7iyaabagidishinissi heeran de7iya asata aybin
maadanawnne aybin qohanaw dandda7iyakko pilgganchchiya shaakkana giya guussana ha
kaara doorasu. Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethaa,
Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethati medhettiya
gaasuwa, Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethay kiita
bolla gathiya naaquwanne Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona
dummatethay issipetethas immiya go7ata sima qoppbatethan wothsu. Ha pilggethaay walaka
pilggetha hiilla kaalon polettidaba gidishin pilggethaas qoppoba wudayon hosppun qabaletappe
oyddu qabaleta dooron polettis. Doorettida qabaletappe kumethan laatamanne oyddu asata
bessindotethan go7ettidaysa gidishin laatamu asata xuufe oyshas, oyddu asata qassi qaala
oyshos go7ettasu. Ha doorettida bessinddotappe qaala oyshon, wochchidi xeeloninne wudatida
cuga tobban (FGD) markkanddo shiishasu. Shiiqida markkanddotappe xuufe oyshon
shiiqidayssati paydoninne cuga tobbaninne qaala oyshan shiiqidayssati qassi qaalan paatettis.
Ha markkanddoti besseyssa mala: Sawla katama ayson daro doonati haasayettoosona
hessatappe Goofatho doonay dalggara haasayettees. Hessatappe Kustti qabalen issipetetha asa
gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatetha xeelliya wode baggati pude guussan baggati qommo,
baggati gaxa giya wode baggati diixa guussan go7ettoosona. Dumma dumma heeratappe
katama heera yuussan asay woli gahettiya gahetethan doona dummatethay medhdhetteyssa,
haasayanchcha kiita aaso abbiyapenne aadhdhiya kiitappe, mattumatethanne bare gaason
doona dummatethay medhdhetteyssa, dummatethay kiita bolla gathiya naaqoy baynnayssanne
bonchchetethi medhdheyssa shaakkanaw dandda7ettis.

7. i
KESO
Buzo ooso gidoyssa qoncciso .............................................................................................................. i
Zoraade astamaare tillayo qofa ........................................................................................................... ii
Pilgetha shiiquwa Kaalli xeelidaysata Qofa ..............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Galata .............................................................................................................................................. iii
Xuntha Kuuyetha...............................................................................................................................iv
SHEMPPO ISSO................................................................................................................................1
1. GELO.........................................................................................................................................1
1.1. Metuwa Eso ........................................................................................................................1
1.2. Metuwa Qoncciso................................................................................................................2
1.3. Pilggetha Qoppobata ............................................................................................................3
1.3.1. Kumetha Qoppoba........................................................................................................3
1.3.2. Paatetha Qoppobata ......................................................................................................3
1.4. Pilggetha Oyshota................................................................................................................4
1.5. Pilggethaa Go7aa.................................................................................................................4
1.6. Pilggetha Zawa....................................................................................................................4
SHEMPPO NAM77A.........................................................................................................................5
2. Gaketethi de7iya dabbotho xuufeta...............................................................................................5
2.1. Doona Aybatetha.................................................................................................................5
2.2. Haasaya Dummatetha Aybatetha...........................................................................................5
2.3. Doonasinne gutathos de7iya dummatetha ..............................................................................6
SHEMPPO HEEDZA.........................................................................................................................8
3. Pilgetha Hiilla .............................................................................................................................8
3.1. Pilgetha Medhuwa ...............................................................................................................8
3.3. Bessinddo Dooro Ogetanne Buussa.......................................................................................9
3.4.1. Qaala oysha................................................................................................................10
3.4.2. Wudattida cuga tobba .................................................................................................10
3.4.3. Xuufe Oysho..............................................................................................................10
3.5. Pilggethaa Ooso Maara...................................................................................................10
3.6. Markkanddo Paatetha.........................................................................................................11
3.7. Pilggethaa Ammanetethinne Suuretethi...............................................................................11

8. ii
SHEMPPO OYDDA.........................................................................................................................12
4. MARKKANDDOPAATETHI, BIRSHSHETHINNE DEMOTA.................................................12
4.1. Markkanddo Paatethinne Birshshethi ..................................................................................12
4.2. DEMOTA.........................................................................................................................17
SHEMPPO ICHCHASHA ................................................................................................................18
5. KUUSHSHAANNE OGE BESOTA...........................................................................................18
5.1. KUUSHSHA.....................................................................................................................18
5.2. OGE BESOTA..................................................................................................................18
GUJA QONCCISO 1.......................................................................................................................21
GUJA QONCCISO 2........................................................................................................................23
GUJA QONCCISO 3........................................................................................................................24

9. 1
SHEMPPO ISSO
GELO
Ha pilggetha shemppoy kumethan pilggethaa metuwa eso, metuwa qoncciso, berttenne sima
qoppoba, pilggetha oyshota, ha pilggethaappe go7ettiya kifiletanne gakkida metota shiishidi
oykkis.
1.1. Metuwa Eso
Doona aybatethi ubba wode suure gidonna shin doona goda gidida asana7as immiya go7aara
gahettidi bilettees.Dooni asa na7i wol giddon qofa laamerettannaw maaddiya wolqaama miishe.
Dooni asa na7a aqo-peeshshan, guussay dubbushan, duulatan, kaassan, yethan, yeehon, zoren,
saban, hanqon, . . asa na7i pa qofaa kessi qoncisanaw maaddiya gita miiishe. Hessadan dumma
dumma haasaya koosheta pultison asa na7i medosa ubbatape dummatana mela udiday doona
go7etethi (Urgaamo, 2011).
Kumethan dooni dumma dumma gitetti uttida wogaan medhettida dummatiya hilla gididi asa
na7a ubbay timirtey baynna shin eriya, (dooni imota) maari de7iyanne asa na7a ubbaas gina
maaddiya miishe.
Tophphiyan daro susa-kochati issipe de7oosona. He susa-kochati dumma dumma doona
haasayoosona.Kumetha Tophphiyan 85pe dariya susa-kochat de7iya gisho he qoodaa keena
doonatinne 200 pe dariya gutathoy de7eyssa doona eranchati odoosona. Tophphiyan de7iya
doona kochata enta matatethaara nne xaphuwara gathi xeellishin oyddudoona cugatan /
daashshtan moodettoosona. Hessatikka: Seemetho, Umaatho, Kushethonne Niilo Saaratho
Umatho doonay Umaa shaafaape ushachanne haddirsa baggan (Umaa gaychan) odettiya doona
gidishin Tophphiyan dhuussa doona getettees.Ayfaama Umaatho doonati Goofatho, Gamotho,
Wolaythatho, Dawrothonne Kontatho. Hayssatape harati Aaritho, Baskeetotho, Oydatho,
Maaletho, Zaysetho, Korete, Bench, Yem, Dime Diizi, Banna, Kafa, Shakka, caara, Umaatho
odettoosona. Ha doonaa odettiya susatape daro baggati ha77i Laatine pidale go7ettidi panta
doonaa xuufen disho bolla de7oosona (9tho kifile Amaaratho doona mxaafe).

10. 2
Goofathoy umatho doonatape issuwa gididi Goofatho doonay haasayappe aadhidi oosonne
timirte doona gidanamela oosetishe gam7is. Hessika doometiday 1985 M.L doonay pidaley
giigin, doona wogay maarattin timirtten imettana gaso gakkanaw odetetha detha kanchen
gam77is. Kaallidi issantho detha timirtte keethatan, asttamaareta loohiso eqotatan ,
nam77antho detha timirtte keethatan, kolloojen imettishe de7ees. Arbba Minccepe iraadonen
dharccettiya gidishin ha77i qassi yumbburestte dethan timirtte wogay giigettidi korse imo
oykkin gamm7is.Hessi hessa gidishin,issiptetethay go7ettiya doonati enta duussanne shiiqo
hanotan eqidi katama dethaninne katamappe karera de7iya dethan dharcetethay keehidi
dummattees. Ha pilggetha xuufe halchoy Goofa zoone Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa
gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethatanne issiptetethaas immiya go7aanne qohata xomosees.
1.2. Metuwa Qoncciso
Dooni asa na7i pa gaathan de7iya qofaa haraas gede imoninne haraappe haa elon qofa
laamerettanaada maaddiya wolqaama miishe.
Doona go7etetha hanotan buzon gidin cugan go7ettiya doona dummatethi de7eyssi
ammanthiyaaba. Ha dummatethati deretetha kooshe saynse eranachata xeelon attonabanne
medhetaba. Ha dummatethati Dumma dumma gaasotan oona gida doonata giddon
medhdhettoosona (Holmes,2001). Gutathoy doona geetettida ubban de7iyaabanne
attonnaba.Gidoppe attin, medhetetha hanotay dummatanaw dandda7ees.
Alame dethan asa na7i go7ettiya unddenna doonati de7oosona. Ha dumma dumma doonati
go7ettiya deretethaa wogaan, duussa hanotan dummatteyssa mala doonas de7iya kanddon
xeelliya wode ubbay issinno. Gutathoy deretethaa gaathan qofa laameretethi digenna deretethaa
gaathan phalqetethikka medhenna (Hazen, 2001).
Doona go7etetha bolla doona go7ettiya asata giddon pantta go7ettiya doona dhoqqisidi harayssa
ziqisidi woy pantta gutathuwa dhoqqisidi harayssa ziqqisidi xeeloy, issipetethaa gahetethaa
balettidi doona baaso ooson ixetethay meezetidaba gideyssa akeekisidosona. Gujjidikka, doona
eranchati doona de7iya kanddo saynsse wogan go7ettiya asata kaha giddon kaaxon metuwa
birshshanaw dandda7ettiya gisho loythidi minnanaw besseyssa akeekisidosona (Folk, 1978,
Holmes, 1992 nne Lado, 1964).

11. 3
Zelalem, (2007) oothida Amaaratho doona pilggethan “The Amharic Dialects Revisited” giya
kaaran Amaaratho doonan de7iya gutatho zaarethidi xeellis. Hessan katidi Amaaratho doonan
koyro wodes gutatho bolla pilggethi oosettiday 1955 M.L Abraama Damoze giya doona
eranchan oosettidayssa bessis.
Mengistu, (2011) oothida Amaaratho doona pilggethan “Documentation and Description of
Amharic Dialects” giya kaaran oothida pilggethan gutatho aybatetha, gutathosinne doonas
de7iya dummatethaa xeellida xeelon Amaaratho gutatho haasayati moode gidida gutathon
mitettishe de7eyssa qonccisis.
Kumethan pilgganchchiya dumma dumma pilggetha oosota xomooson xeellidayssa mala
Goofatho doonan gutatho bolla oosettida pilggetha oosota demmanaw dandda7onayssappe
denddidayssan ha kaara bolla oothanaw denddasu.Gujan qommon qonccida pilggetha oosoti
Amaaratho doona oosettidaba gideyssappe denddidayssan Amaaratho doona gutathoti doona
wogatan keehi dummateyssappe denddidi ha pilggetha oosuwara gahettenna.Mangistu
pilggethay ha pilggetha oosuwara mattattiyaba gididi pilggethay oosettida doona dummateyssa,
iya pilggethay Amaaratho doona gutatho qoncisonne xaafidi markkanddotethan woso geyssa
gidishin ha pilggethay qassi Goofatho doona gutathonne doona dummatethay issipetethaas
immiya go7aanne qoha bagga bolla wudayees.Hessa gisho ha pilggetha oosoy keehidi koshshiya
pilggetha ooso geetettidi ekettanaw dandda7ees.
1.3. Pilggetha Qoppobata
1.3.1. Kumetha Qoppoba
Ha pilggethaa kumetha qoppobay: Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya
doona dummatethatanne issipetethaas immiya go7aanne qohata xomooso.
1.3.2. Paatetha Qoppobata
Ha pilggethaa paatetetha qoppobati heedza gidishin hessatikka:
 Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatetha xomooso.
 Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethati medhettiya
gaasuwa pilggi-xeelo.

12. 4
 Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethay kiita bolla
gathiya naaquwa pilggi-xeelo.
 Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethay issipetethas
immiya go7aa pilggi-xeelo.
1.4. Pilggetha Oyshota
Ha pilggetha oosoy kaallidi de7iya pilggetha oyshotas zaaro immana.
 Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatetha ay aazii?
 Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethati ayba ayba
gaasoppe medhettanaw dandda7ii?
 Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethay kiita bolla
gathiya naaqoy ayba aybee?
 Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethay issipetethas
immiya go7ay ayba aybee?
1.5. Pilggethaa Go7aa
Ha pilggetha oosoy pilggetha ooso maara naagidi polettishin tamarssiya asttamaaretas,
taamaretas, Goofatho doona timirtte kifiletasinne deretethaas dumma dumma go7aa immana.
Gutathoy dretethaa issipetetha gaathan medhettiyaa gideyssa bolla astamaaretas gidin deretethaas
gita akeeka medhana.Hesappe hara deretetha giddon medhdhettiya doona dummatethay deretetha
bolla gathiya naaqo bolla deretethaas immiya go7aa bolla suure gidida akeekoynne xeeloy
de7ana mala keehidi maaddees.Gujan, Goofatho doona timirtte kifilen ha kaara bolla oosettida
pilggethati baynnaysappe denddidayssan kaallidi oosettiya pilggethatas denddonne markka gididi
maaddana.
1.6. Pilggetha Zawa
Ha pilggethay dalggan oosettiyaakko pilgganchiya keehada dosawusishin de7iya wodenne
miishe guuthatethay zawa wothanaada udida gisho ha pilggethay Sawla katama ayso issipetetha
asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethatanne issipetethaas immiya go7aanne qohata bolla
xalla wuda wothana

13. 5
SHEMPPO NAM77A
GAKETETHI DE7IYA DABBOTHO XUUFETA
Ha pilggetha shemppoy kumethan pilggethaara gahetethi de7iya dumma dumma xuufetanne
maxaafeta nabbabon demmida qofata kumethan shiishidi oykkis.
2.1. Doona Aybatetha
Doona aybatethinne go7ata, hessadan, daashshata bolla daro doona eranchchati paatti
xaafidosona. Mallas, aybatethaa bolla dooni asa na7a kooshaayope (doonan haasayas giigidi
medhettida bessatape) maaran keyiya koosheta go7ettidi asay woli giddon qofa
laamerettiya wolqqaama miishe.Hayssa mela woga go7ettey asa na7a kanche gidida gisho
dooni asabaa, kanddoy asabatethi geetettees (ባባባ2004).
Issi dooni he doonaa odettiya asatas/deretas enta qofaa/odaa pacey baynna qoncisees.Enta
wogaas haarettees.Enta heeran medhdhi qaaxxidabaa ubbaa sidhey baynna geeshshidi sunthees.
Mallas, he deriya ammanuwa, koshshaa, issipetetha duussa, ayso wogaa, deretetha wogaa, eeqa
wogaa nne hayssata melata qoncisanaw gita wolqi de7ees. He dereta giddon doliyabaa,
dicciyabaa, medhettiyabaa, qaaxxiybaa nne h.h.m ubbaa metoy baynna suthanaw danda7ees. Ha
dere asaa issipetetha duussaan medhdhi qaaxxidabaa ubbaa qoncisanaw wolqi dhayin, woy qaali
metin hara doona maade woy sunth oychanaw beenna. Wogishin, sabbishin, dagotishin,
yexxishin, yeekkishin . . . panta doonaan qoncisanaw qaali metin mata gidin haaho dere qaala
metootidi oychi erenna.Qassikka doona qawosa wogaa xeellishin he doonaa wogaa mela
kumetha qawosa wogi de7ees.Doonaan haysey, tossey, aaqey, dumma dumma odo kochaynne
derey dumma dumma aqo-peeshshaan go7ettiya doona wogati kumi palahidosona.Hayssape
dendidi dooni kumeth geetettees(ባባባ2004).
2.2.Haasaya Dummatetha Aybatetha
Issi doona haasayiya asay de7iya heera haahotethappe, biitta utethappe denddidayssan kooshe
dethan medhettiya dummatethay haasaya dummatethi woy gutatho geetettees.Gutathoy ubba
doonatan de7iyaaba gidikokka doona go7ettiya asata giddon qofa laameretethi diggenna.Issi
doona odettiya asaa giddon doona go7etetha dummateth beettishin gutatho geetettees.Oona gida
doona ubbaan gutathoy de7eyssa doona eranchati markattoosona.Gutatho issi doonan qaala

14. 6
dethan woy kooshe dethan medhettees.Gutathoy medhettey asaa wonta wonta gahetethay haaki
haakki bishina (Dababa, 2004).
2.3.Doonasinne Gutathos De7iya Dummatetha
Daro asati doonanne gutatho woli aazisidi xeelliya hanotay de7iyaab gidikokka guutha
dummatethi de7ees goosona doona eranchati.Dooni pa gaathan gutatho oykkiyaab gidishin
gutathoy qassi asaa doona go7etethan medhettiyaaba (Hazen, 2011).Dooni qawosa wogan
haarettidi xuufen gidin haasayan asay woli qofa laamerettanaw go7ettiya miishe.Gujan, dooni
issi derey gahetethas go7ettiya wolqqaama miishe.
Gutathos de7iya qaabima birshshetha denddo oothidi xeelliyaade gutathoy issi zawattida
heeraywoy cugati go7ettiya doona dummatethi (Hudson,1996).
2.4.Gutathoy Waani Medhdhettii?
 Gutathoy biitta utethay, (gita zumay, aafoy, shaafay ), asay wolira elle elle ( wonttan
wonttan) gahettonnaada udishin,
 Ayso daashshi issi doona odettiya asaa wolipe haassishin medhetanaw dandda7ees.
Goofathon medhettiya gutatho daro baggay kooshe dethana.Hessa gisho daro meto
medhdhenna.Woy asay wolira odettonnaadanne qofa laamerettishin issoy issuwa odaa eronnaada
udenna.Hanikkonne xaafo dethan naagettikko daro lo77o.
Mallas 1. Bulqqi heeran : mee miya
(Malo heeran) uyee uyiya
de7eega de7eyssa
meega meyssa, ..
2. Zaala heeran : histtin
hiya hiza
3. Dembba Goofa Wurkki/Zaala Waagesho heeran:
haatta haathe

15. 7
mitta mithi
ola hola…
4. Goofa heera ubbata giddon walakan:
ka7o kaxo
meqo me7o
oyqqa oykka…
Ha mallatan ubbati medhettiday kooshe dethana.
5. Malo heeran: urqqa suga
gaadde aalo
dhaqa - saxxa … malatiya qaalati qaala
dethana.
Kumethan, gutathoy issi doona odettiya asaa giddon medhettiya dummatethi gidishin he
dummatethay asay wol giddon qofa laamerettonnaada diggenna.Gutathoy borsso/ pokko, hiilloha
woy era pace gidenna.Doona wogappe attin.

16. 8
SHEMPPO HEEDZA
PILGETHA HIILLA
Ha pilggetha shemppoy pilggethaas baaso gidida pilggetha medhuwa, pilggetha heera, besinddo
dooro ogeta, markkanddo shiisho miisheta, markkanddo paatetha hanota, pilggetha ooso
maaranne ammanetetha shiishidi oykkis.
3.1. Pilgetha Medhuwa
Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethatanne issipetethaas
immiya go7aanne qohata xomooso giya pilggetha kaaran oosettiya pilggetha oosoy walaka
pilggetha medho go7etethan polettis. Ha pilggetha medhoy issi miishey deretetha gaathan ay
mala go7anne naaqo gathishe gam7idakko yiggidi xeellanawnne paydoninne qaalan paatettiya
markkandotas maaddiya pilggetha medho (Kothari,2004).
3.2. PilggethayOosettiya Heera
Dugeha dere ayso killillen dumma dumma zooneti de7oosona. Ha zoonetappe issoy Goofa zoone
gidishin ha zooney zoone dethan eqqin oyddu laythati taybettis. Zooneypa gaathan nam77u ayso
katamatanne laapun woradata waaxi oykkis.Nam77u ayso katamatikka Sawlla katamanne Bulqqi
katama ayso geetettidi erettoosona.
Sawlla katamay zooniya berte katama gidishin dugeha dere ayso killilleppe 350 kilo meetire
haahotethan beettiya katama. Katamiw pudehara Gezze Goofa woraday, dugeha baggara Zaala
woraday, doloha baggara Dembba Goofa woradaynne wuloha baggara qassi Oyda woraday
zawayees.
Katamiya pa gaathan hospun qabaleta shiishada oykkawus. Katame gaathan heedzu kumetha
nama7antho detha timirtte keethati, issi dhoqqanne giigiso timirtte keethinne usuppun kumetha
issantho detha kawo timirtte keethati de7oosona.
Goofatho doonay katamen loythi haasayettees.Asay issipetethaninne siiqotethan de7iya katama
gidishin ayyere hanota ho77o gideyssappe denddidayssan gadhatethan moodettawus. Hayssa
misiln xeellishi:

17. 9
Ha misiley (karttay) bessey Sawla katamay Goofa zoonen awu heeran de7iyakkonne qommo
qonccida mela dhassa woradati oonantteeko bessees. Sawla katamas dhassa woradati pudehaara
Gee Goofa ,dugehaara zaala worada, doloohaa baggara Dembba Goofa woradaynne wulohaa
baggara Oyda woraday ha katamees dhassa (zawa) worada gididi ertteyssa ha misiliyappe
akeekoos.
3.3. Bessinddo Dooro Ogetanne Buussa
Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethatanne issipetethaas
immiya go7aanne qohata xomooso giya pilggetha kaaran oosettida pilggetha ooson pilgganchiya
Sawla kataman de7iya hosppun qabaletappe oyddu qabaleta qoppoba wudayon doorasu.
Hessatikka, Maganagna, Kusto, Mahaalenne Qeera qabaleta. Ha doorettida qabaletan daro
wode asay Goofatho doona go7ettishe walakkiya hanoti de7eysappenne katamaas giddon
de7eyssata gideysappe denddidayssan pilgganchiya ha qabaleta xeellasu. Doorettida qabaletappe
ichchashu ichchashu ciirenne qofa loythi qonccisanaw dandda7iya asatanne nam77u nam77u
doona tamarsiya astamaareta qaada imonna besinddo dooro ogetappe qoppoba wudayon doorasu.
Kumethan 20 ciire asatanne 4 asttamaareta besinddotethan go7ettasu.
3.4. Markkanddo Shiisho Miisheta

18. 10
Pilgganchchiya oosettiya pilggetha oosuwas markanddo dumma dumma miisheta go7etethan
shiishasu.Markanddota koyro pultoppe heedzu markkanddo miishetan shiishasu. Ha markkanddo
shiisho miisheti: qaala oysho, wudattida cuga tobbanne xuufe oysho.
3.4.1. Qaala Oysha
Ha markkanddo shiisho miishen pilgganchiya qoppoba wudayon doona dummatethan go7ettiya
asatappe oyddata dooron suure gidida medhoy de7iya heedzu oyshota giigison markkanddo
shiishasu. Ha markkanddo shiisho miishes shiiqiya oyshoti gaketethi de7iya xuufetan
qonccidayssappe ekettis. Ha markkanddo shiisho miishey pilggetha oosos suurenne tilla gidida
markkanddo demmanaw keehidi maaddiyabanne sinthan gahetethan gelonabata qoncison
shiishanaw keehdi maaddees (Kothari,2004).
3.4.2. Wudattida Cuga Tobba
Ha markkando shiisho miishey qabaleppe doorettida bessinddoti imettiya issi kaara bolla
tobbanaadanne entti tobbiya wode qofa laameretetha bolla gathiya naaqonne doona dummatethas
gaasuwa xeelana. Cugan tobbiya yarati bessindotethan qabaletappe doorettidayssata gidishin
nam77u yuusho tobban markkanddoy shiiqana.Pilgganchchiya tobba bessan benttada
duuqoninne kaalo warqate giigisa oykethan shiishasu. Ha markkanddo shiisho miishey issi allalle
asay ay ogen poliyaakonne allalliya bolla de7iya xeelloy ay aaziyaakko shaakkanaw keehidi
maaddiya markkanddo shiisho miishe (Kothari,2004).
3.4.3. Xuufe Oysho
Ha markkanddo shiisho miishey heedzantho dethan doorettida markkanddo shiisho miishe.
Pilgganchchiya dumma dumma qabaletappe doorettida laatamu asatas tammu walaka oyshota
giigisoninne zoraadde asttamaaren oyshota bornashison besindotas shiishon markkanddo
shiishasu. Ha markkanddo shiisho miishey zaaranchati shiiqida oyshota nabbabon qonce
gidonnabata oyshon paatethi demon wallottidi zaranaada keehidi maaddees (Kothari,2004).
4.5. Pilggethaa Ooso Maara
Ha pilggethay koyroppe wurssetha gaso ooso maara naagidi baana. Kumethan ichashu
shemppotan polettana.Koyro shemppoy, pilggethaas de7iya esuwa, metuwa qoncciso, pilggethaa

19. 11
qoppoba, pilggethaa oysho, pilggethaa go77anne pilggethaa zawa oykkishin nam77antho
shemppoy, kaarara gahetethi de7iya zaaretho xuufeta oykkis.Heedzantho shemppoy, pilggethaas
baaso gidida pilggetha hiilla, bessinddo dooro buussanne bessinddo darotetha, markkanddo
shiisho ogenne miisheta, markkanddo paatetha oge waaxidi oykkis.Oyddantho shemppoy,
shiiqida markkanddota paatetha, birshshethanne demota oykkiyaaba gidishin wurssetha
shemppoy, pilggetha kuuyethanne oge besota oykkidi pilggetha ooso maara naagidi polettis
3.5. Markkanddo Paatetha
Dumma dumma markkanddo shiisho miishetan: qaala oyshan, wudattida cuga tobbaninne
wochidi xeelon shiiqiya markkanddoti qaalaninne paydon paatettidosona.
3.6. Pilggethaa Ammanetethinne Suuretethi
Pilgganchiya ha pilggetha doomethappe wurssetha gaso biya buussan qonccenne suure gidida
ogen polanaw qoppasu.Pilggethaas koshshiya markkanddo shiishanaw go7ettiya miisheti
metuwa hacci kessanaw dandda7isees giya ammanetethaninne bessinddotappe benttiya
markkandduwa xuura naagon ammanetethan polana.Pilggethaas markkanddo shiishiya miishey
pilggethaa kaarara gahetethi de7iyaaba gideyssa pilgganchiya ammanetethan
go7ettana.Markkanddo shiisho miisheta suuretethinne ammanetethi tillayoy issi pilggetha oosos
geeshatethi naagisanaw dandda7ees (ባባባ, 1998).
3.7. Pilggetha Ooso Shiiqo Kanddota
Pilgganchchiya markkanddo shiishiya wode lo77o kanddo ma7ida asa gidanaw koshshees.Aybis
giikko pilggethaas tillatethi, geeshshatethi, suuretethinne ammanetethi de7ana mela
pilgganchchatappe naagettiya ooso kanddoti de7oosona.Xinaatiya polanaw koshshiya
markkanddo shiishiya wode lo77o ma7o mayanaw bessees, qoppoba suure hanotan qoncciso
abbe de7o, qofa pulttiso wolqqinne markkanddo pulttota ufaysishe, kaassishenne walloyishen
wursethan galata imon shaakettiya hanotan polanaw beessees.Pilgganchchiya ha qommon
qonccida ooso siraata naagada polanaw halchcho wothasu.Hara baggara qassi, markkanddo
immida asa xuura gidin zooraadde astamaare xuura naaganaw besesippe attin hara asa xuura kare
kessanaw koshshenna.

20. 12
SHEMPPO OYDDA
MARKKANDDO PAATETHI, BIRSHSHETHINNE DEMOTA
Ha pilggetha shemppo kaaray Sawla katama ayso issippetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona
dummatethatanne issipetethaas immiya go7aanne qohatapilggi-xeelo giya kaaran dumma dumma
markkanddo shiisho miishetan shiiqida markkanddotaa paatetha oykkis.Markkanddoti shiiqiday
xuufe oyshon, qaala oyshoninne cuga tobbanshiiqis.
4.1.Markkanddo Paatethinne Birshshethi
4.1.1. Xuufe Oyshan Shiiqida Markkanddota Paatethi
Zara 1 zaaranchchata buzo markkanddo
p.m Oysho Dooro Xuufe oyshas Wuddattida cuga Qaala oyshas
Qooda % Qooda % Qooda %
1
Mattuma
tetha
Adde 11 55 19 47.5 2 50
Macca 9 45 21 52.5 2 50
Kumetha 20 100 40 100 4 100
2
Doona
billida
doona:
Goofatho 15 75 37 92.5 4 100
Amaaratho 5 25 3 7.5 - -
Aaratho - - - - - -
Maaletho - - - - - -
Hara - - - - - -
Kumetha 20 100 40 100 4 100
Qommon zara1 bolla shiiqida markkanddoy besseyssa mala xuufe oyshos doorettida kumetha
yaratappe adde 11(55%) nne macci 9(45%). Hesikka bessey doorettida kumetha qoodappe
addeta qooday dareyssa mallees.Wuddattida cuga tobbas doorettida kumetha 40 asatappe
19(47.5%) adde gidishin 21(52.5%) macca.Hesikka bessey shiiqida yaratappe maccata qooday
dareyssa mallees.Qaala oyshas doorettida bessinddota xeelliya wode 4(100%) adde.
Zara 1 nam77antho dethan shiiqida markkandduwa xeelliya xuufe oyshas doorettida
bessindotappe Goofatho doonan doona billida asati 15(75%) nne attida 5(25%) Amaaratho
doonan doona bilidaydssata. Hara baggara wudattida cuga tobbas doorettida yaratappe goofatho
doonan doona billidayssati 37(92.5%) nne attida 3(7.5%) Amaaratho doonan doona

21. 13
billidosona.Qaala oyshas doorettida oyddu yarata xeelliya wode ubbaykka guussay 4(100%)
Goofatho doonan doona billidayssa shiiqida markkanddoy mallees.
Zara 2 xuufe oyshon shiiqida paatetha oyshota
P.M Oysho
Zaaro
Besinddo darotetha
Qooda %
1
Dumma dumma doonata duussay qofa
laameretetha bolla naaqo gathees.
Keehada Sigettays 4 20
Sigettays 3
Gizzanaw waythees 1
Sigettikke 3
Keehada sigettikke 9
Kumetha 20 100
2
Doona dummatethay kumetha kiita
ekonaadanne immonaada dhube gidees.
Keehada Sigettays 11 55
Sigettays 2 10
Gizzanaw waythees 2 10
Sigettikke 3 15
Keehada sigettikke 2 10
Kumetha 20 100
3 Issi asa haasaya isttayley doona
dummatetha medhanaw dandda7ees.
Keehada Sigettays 12 60
Sigettays 3 15
Gizzanaw waythees 1 5
Sigettikke 2 10
Keehada sigettikke 2 10
Kumetha 20 100
4
Dumma dumma doonata duussay qofa
laameretethas keehidi injje.
Keehada Sigettays 11 55
Sigettays - -
Gizzanaw waythees 5 25
Sigettikke 2 10
Keehada sigettikke 2 10
Kumetha 20 100
5 Doona dummatethi issipetethaa duussa
polo bolla naaqo gathees.
Keehada Sigettays 11 55
Sigettays 4 20
Gizzanaw waythees - -
Sigettikke 4 20
Keehada sigettikke 1 5
Kumetha 20 100
6 Doona dummatethi de7o laytha (bare)
dummatethappe medhettanaw
dandda7ees.
Keehada Sigettays 13 65
Sigettays 4 20
Gizzanaw waythees - -
Sigettikke 2 10
Keehada sigettikke 1 5
Kumetha 20 100

22. 14
Qommon zara nam77an koyro oysha bolla dumma dumma doonata duussay qofa laameretetha
bolla naaqo gathees giya qofaa keehada sigettays gidayssati 4(20%), sigettays gidayssati (15%),
gizzanaw waythees gidayssati 1(5%), sigettike gidayssati 3(15%) nne keehada sigettike
gidayssati 9(45%). Ha markkanddoy malleyssa mala dumma dumma doonata duussay qofa
laameretetha bolla naaqo gathees giya qofa undenna woy 9(45%) keehada sigettike gidayssa
bessees. Hessa guussay doonata darotethy qofa laameretetha bolla naaqo gathonayssa bolla lo77o
gidida akeeki de7eyssa mallees.
Qommon zara nam77a bolla nam77antho oyshan shiiqida markkanddoy besseyssa mala doona
dummatethay kumetha kiita ekonaadanne immonaada dhube gidees giya qofaa keehada sigettays
gidayssati 11(55%), sigettays gidayssati 2(10%), gizzanaw waythees gidayssati 2(10%),
sigettikke gidayssati 3(15%) nne keehada sigettikke gidayssati 2(10%). Ha markkanddoy
besseyssa mala shiiqida kumetha heeteppe doona dummatethay kumetha kiita ekonaadanne
immonaada dhube gidees yaagiya qofaa keehidi sigettida asa qooday dareyssa bessees. Hessa
guussay doona dummatethay qofa laameretetha bolla gathiya naaqoy baynnayssa bolla lo7o
gidida akeeki de7eyssa bessees.
Qommon zara nam77a bolla heedzantho oyshon shiiqida markkanddoy besseyssa mala issi asa
haasaya isttayley doona dummatetha medhanaw dandda7ees giya qofa keehada sigettays
gidayssati 12(60%), sigettays gidayssa 3(15%), gizzanaw waythees gidayssati 1(5%), sigettikke
2(10%) nne keehada sigettikke 2(10%). Ha markkanddoy besseyssa mala shiiqida kumetha
zaaranchchatappe 12(60%) issi asa haasaya isttayley doona dummatetha medhdhanaw
dandda7ees giya qofaa keehidi sigettidayssa bessees. Hessa guussay doona dummatethi
medhdhettiya gaasotappe issoy issi asa haasaya isttayle gideyssa bolla lo7o akeeki de7eyssa
bessees.
Qommo zara nam77a bolla oyddantho oysha bolla shiiqida Dumma dumma doonata duussay
qofa laameretethas keehidi injje giya qofaa keehada sigettays gidayssati 11(55%), gizzanaw
waythees 5(25%), sigettikke gidayssati 2(10%) nne keehada sigettikke gidayssati 2(10%). Ha
markkanddoy besseyssa mala dumma dumma doonata duussay qofa laameretethas injje gideyssa

23. 15
11(55%) keehidi sigettidayssa bessees. Hessa guussay dumma dumma doonata duussay qofa
laameretethas injje gideyssa bolla lo7o akeeki de7eyssa bessees.
Qommon zara nam77an oysha ichchcasha bolla shiiqida markkanddoy besseyssa mala doona
dummatethi issipetethaa duussa polo bolla naaqo gathees giya qofaa keehidi sigettidayssati
11(55%), sigettays gidayssati 4(20%), sigettikke gidayssati 4(20%) nne keehada sigettikke
gidayssati 1(5%). Ha shiiqida oyshaan 11(55%) doona dummatethi issipetetha duussa polo bolla
naaqo gathees giya qofaa keehidi sigettidayssa bessees. Hessa guussay doona dummatethi
issipetetha duussa polo bolla naaqo gathees giya qofaa bolla suure gidonna xeeloy de7eyssa
bessees.
Qommo zara nam77a bolla shiiqida usuppuntho oyshoy besseyssa mala doona dummatethi de7o
laytha (bare) dummatethappe medhettanaw dandda7ees giya qofaa keehada sigettays gidayssati
13(65%), sigettays 4(20%), sigettikke 2(10%) nne keehada sigettikke gidayssati 1(5%). Ha
markkanddoy besseyssa mala doona dummatethi de7o laythappe woy bareppe medhdhettanaw
dandda7eyssa keehidi sigettidayssa bessees.
Gujan paatethan zaaranaada shiiqida oysha bolla zaaranchchati wothishe doona dummatethay
issi doonan de7iyaaba gididi qofa laameretethas, issoy issoyssa eranaada, minthidi oykkanaada
denthetheyssappe denddidayssan immiya go7ay daro yaagishe zaaridosona .Gujan, doona
dummatethay issipetetha duussa bolla gathiya naaqoy baynnayssanne doona dummatethay
dumma dumma gaasotappe medhetteyssa qonccisidosona.Guussaykka, bare gaason, doona
eratetha gaason, mattumatetha gaasoninne aathiya kiita gaason medhdhettees.
4.1.2. Qaala Oyshan Shiiqida Markkanddo Paatethi
Pilgganchchiya oyddu doorettida besinddotas giigida oyshota oyshon markkanddo shiishasu. Ha
shiiqida markkanddota qaalan paattasu. Hessan zaaranchchata A, E, U nne O guussan sunthasu.
Hesikka issi pilggetha oosos markkanddo immida asa xuuray naagetteyssappe denddidayssan
suntha xaafoy koshshibenna.
Oysha 1: Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethay ay aazii?
Ay ay doonati haasayettii? Ha katama giddon loythidi haaseyettiya doonati awssatee?

24. 16
Qaala oysha isso bolla zaaranchati dumma dumma zaarota immidosona. Immida
qofata woli bolla kuuyi xeelliya wode: doona dummatethay asappe asan
heerappe heeran dummatiya hanotati de7oosona. Nuuni de7iya Kustti
qabale heeran daro bagga asay Goofatho doona haasayees; gidoppe attin doona
billiday daro baggay hara doonan gideyssappe denddidayssan qaalata xeegishe
suure xeegonna hanotay de7ees. Gujan, hara bagga yarati wothishe Amaaratho
doonay loythidi haasayettees; doona dummatethatikka de7oosona guussan pantta
qofa wothidosona.
Oysha 2:Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethay issipetetha
gahetetha bolla gathiya naaqoy ayba aybee?
Ha shiiqida oysha bolla ubba zaaranchchati woli aaziya zaaro immidosona.
Haasayettiya doona dummatethati deretetha bolla gathiya naaqoy
baawa.Ubbarakka issoy issuwa doona loythi eranaadanne issi asa haasaya
isttayle shaakki eridi qofa koyida mala laamerettanaada gita qaada medhdhis
yaagishe zaaridosona.
Oysha 3:Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethay
issippetethas immiya go7ay ayba aybee?
Heedzantho dethan shiiqida qaala oyshas nam77antho detha bolla zaarida zaaruwa minthidi
issippetetha loythi matatanaadanne qofa laamerettanaada maaddees yaagussan zaaridosona.
4.1.3. Cuga Tobban Shiiqida Markkanddo Paatetha
Imettida heedzu kaarata bolla moodettida cugati dumma dumma qofata denthon tobbidi
kuushsha qofa bolla gakkidosona.
1. Doona dummatethi gahetetha (qofa laameretetha) bolla waatidi naaqo gathanaw danda7ii?
Shiiqida kaara bolla tobbidappe guye: doona dummatethi qofa laameretetha bolla naaqo
gathanaw dandda7enna. Gidoppe attin, haasaya dethan guuthi dummatethay tawisanaw woy
mor7isanaw dandda7ees; hesikka haney nam77u haasayanchchati koyro wodes gahettiyaaba
gidikko guussan kuushsha bolla gakkidosona.

25. 17
2. Sawla katama ayson asay dumma dumma doonata (Goofatho, Amaaratho, Basketetho,
Oydatho, hhm) go7ettoosona. Ha doonati aybi gaason medhettidee?
Katama heeran dumma dumma heeratappe yuussan asay de7oosona.hessappe denddidayssan
dumma dumma doonata haasayoosona. Dumma dumma heeratappe yida asati haasayishe
medhdhiya doona dummatethati de7oosona. Oydathoppe yida asiTuma gaanaw Turoguussan
qofa laamerettees. Hesikka qofa laameretethi digenna.
3. Ha dumma dumma doonata duussay Sawla katama issipetetha asa bolla gathiya naaqoy ay
gidanaw danda7ii?
Heedzantho dethan shiiqida tobba kaara bolla tobbanchati doona dummatethay gathiya naaqoy
baynayssa qonccison qofaa kuuyidosona.
4.2.Demota
Pilgganchchiya dumma dumma pultotappe demmida markkandduwa paatethaninne birshshethan
kaallidi shiiqida demota demmanaw dandda7asu.
 Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatetha xeelliya wode
dumma dumma heeratappe katama heera yuussan asay woli gahettiya gahetethan doona
dummatethay medhdhettees.
 Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethati medhettiya
gaasuwa xeelliya wode daro baggay haasayanchcha kiita aaso abbiyapenne aadhdhiya
kiitappe, mattumatethanne bare gaason doona dummatethay medhdhettees.
 Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethay kiita bolla
gathiya naaquwa xeelliya wode doona dummatethay kiita bolla naaqo gathonayssa
shaakkanaw dandda7ettis.
 Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethay issipetethas
immiya go7aa xeelliya wode dumma dumma doonata shaakkidi erana qaada, issoy
issuwa haasaya ogiya gidin haasayiya doona bonchchidi go7ettana qaada imeyyssa
shaakkanaw dandda7ettis.

26. 18
SHEMPPO ICHCHASHA
KUUSHSHAANNE OGE BESOTA
Ha pilggetha shemppoy kumethan kuushshanne oge besota oykkis.
5.1. Kuushsha
Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethatanne issipetethaas
immiya go7aanne qohata xomooso giya kaaran oosettidaba gidishin doona dummatethi doona
ubban de7iyaaba.Doona dummatethay issi heeran de7iya asata aybin maaddanawnne aybin
qohanaw dandda7iyaakko pilgganchchiya shaakkana giya guussana ha kaara doorasu.
Ha pilggethay walaka pilggetha hiilla kaalon polettidaba gidishin pilggethaas qoppoba wudayon
hosppun qabaletappe oyddu qabaleta dooron polettis. Doorettida qabaletappe kumethan laatamu
asata xuufe oyshasinne oyddu asata qassi qaala oyshos bessindotethan go7ettasu. Ha doorettida
bessinddotappe qaala oyshon, wochchidi xeeloninne cuga tobban markkanddo shiishasu.
Shiiqida markkanddoti ubbay qaalanine paydon paatettis.
Kumethan xeelliya wode Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona
dummatetha xeelliya wode dumma dumma heeratappe katama heera yuussan asay woli gahettiya
gahetethan doona dummatethay medhdhetteyssa, haasayanchcha kiita aaso abbiyapenne
aadhdhiya kiitappe, mattumatethanne bare gaason doona dummatethay medhdhetteyssa,
dummatethay kiita bolla gathiya naaqoy baynnayssanne bonchchetethi medhdheyssa shaakkanaw
dandda7ettis.
5.2. Oge Besota
Pilgganchchiya qommon shiiqida markkanddo paatethappenne wurssetha demoppe denddada
sinthas doona dummatethaa bolla de7iya akeeka naanisanawnne hara pilggethi oothiya asi
oothanaw koshshiya heerata ha sima kifilen mallasu. Hessatikka :
 Doona dummatethi qofa laameretethi digonnayssa shaakki eridi ubba asi bonchchon
go7ettanaw besseyssa.

27. 19
 Dumma dumma heeratappe yuussan issi bolla shiiqidi de7iya duussan doona dummatethi
medhettanaw dandda7iyaba gidiya gisho dooni ubbay gina gididada gisho issoy issuwa
doona bonchon go7ettanaw beseyssanne doona dichchanaw bessees.
 Ha kaarara gahetethi de7iya pilggetha oosota oothiya asati ha pilggetha oosoy be7onna
heerata xeelon pilggethi oothanaw dandda7eyssa qonccisays.

28. 20
Markka Maxaafeta
Folk. J.( 1978 ) Lingustcs and Language Toronto Wiley and Sons Press.
Hazenባ K.(2001). Teaching Abaut Dialects.Center for Applied Lingustics.Digest. retrived from
www.google.com/Search ?q=tea.
Holmes ባJ. ( 1992 ).An introduction to Sociolingustics .London: Longman.
Hudson. R.A.(1996).Sociolingustics .2nd.edባ(Cambridge .Text Books in Lingustics.)
Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press.
Ladoባ R.( 1964 )Languge Teaching : Ascintific Approch .New York :Mc Graw Hill.
Mengistu Tadesse .(2011). Documentation and Discriptions of Amharic Dialects .APHD
RESERTATIONON Addis Ababa University .Deviopment of Lingustics and Culture
Program .(Unpublished)
Zelalm ባL.(2007).The Amharic Dialects Rivisted in .R voigt(ed.s). From Beyond the
Mediterranean”Akten des Intrnationalen Semitohamitisten Kongeresses (vll.ishak).
VII.ISHAK). Brlin13 bis15;449-80.
Urgamo, (2011) GOLL-112 Baaso Goofatho Doona. Arba Mincce Asttamaareta loohsiya
kollooje moojule.
ባባባባባባባባባባ(2006)ባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባ
ባባባባባባ
ባባባባባባባ (2000)ባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባባ
ባ/ባባ/ባባ/ባባ/ባባባባባባ

29. 21
Guja Qoncciso 1. Xuufe Oysha
ARBBA MINCCE YUNBBERSSITE
SAWLA KAMPAASE
GOOFATHO DOONANNE BILA-XUUFE TIMIRTTE KIFILE
Bonchcho zaaranchatoo!
Ha oyshuwa huuphe qoppobay Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona
dummatethatanne issipetethaas immiya go7aanne qohata pilggi-xeelanasinne sinthas hananaw
bessiya (koshshiya) oge mallanas gidiya gisho tumanne suure zaaro imon hintte qofa
qonccisanaada bonchchora oychchays.
Pilgganchiya hintte immiya zaaruwa xuura naagida ogen ha pilggetha oosos xalaala go7ettanaw
qoppidayssa akeekidi hintte gaathan si7ettiya qofa wothanaada gujjada qofisays.
Qofiso: Ha oyshotaszaaroimmiyawode:
 Sunthaxaafoykoshshenna
 Issi oyshasissizaarodoorite
 Hinttedooridazaaruwasinthan de7iya saaxiniyagiddon() malaata wothite.
 Paccebessanhinttegaathan de7iya (hinttew si7ettiya) qofaxalaalakunthite.
I. Buzo de7o taarike
1. Mattumatetha: Adde Macca
2. Doona billida doona: Goofatho Amaaratho Basketetho
Oydatho Aaratho Oromotho hara

30. 22
3. Nam77antho doona: Goofatho Amaaratho Basketetho
Oydatho Aaratho Oromotho hara
Suurezaaroimmiyagishokeehagalatays!!
I. Shiiqida oyshota zaaranaw imettida sigetetha qofa akeekite.
1=Keehada Sigettikke 2= Sigettikke 3= Gizzanaw Waythees 4=Sigettays 5=Keehada Sigettays
P.M Qofata Sigetetha Detha
1 2 3 4 5
1 Dumma dumma doonata duussay qofa laameretetha bolla naaqo
gathees.
2 Doona dummatethay kumetha kiita ekonaadanne immonaada
dhube gidees.
3 Issi asa haasaya istayley doona dummatetha medhanaw danda7ees.
4 Dumma dumma doonata duussay qofa laameretethas keehidi injje.
5 Doona dummatethi issipetethaa duussa polo bolla naaqo gathees.
6 Doona dummatethi de7o laytha (bare) dummatethappe
medhettanaw dandda7ees.
7. Dumma dumma doonata duussay issipetethaas immiya go7ata paatta
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8. Dumma dumma doonataduussay issipetethaa gahetethaa bolla gathiya naaqota paatite.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9. Sawla kataman asay dumma dumma doonata go7ettoosona. Ha doonati medhdhettida
gaasota paatite.

31. 23
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Guja Qoncciso 2. Qaala Oysha
ARBBA MINCCE YUNBBERSSITE
SAWLA KAMPAASE
GOOFATHO DOONANNE BILA-XUUFE TIMIRTTE KIFILE
Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethatanne
issipetethaas immiya go7aanne qohata pilggi-xeelo bolla oosettiya pilggetha oosos hinte al77o
wodiya yarshidi ha qaala oyshas eenotethan zaaro immanaw bessida ashketethaas keehada
galatays.Berte oyshotakko gelanape koyro kaalliya buzo markando oyshota bolla zaaro
immanaada bonchora oychays.
 Buzo markndo oyshota
1. Hinte kumetha suntha odite.__________________
2. Doona billida doona:_______________
3. Ha77i bolla keehidi go7ettiya doonay:_______________
4. Bare (de7o) laytha:_____________ Timirte detha:________________
5. Ooso gisho:____________________ Ooso meezey:___________________
6. Kataman gam77ida wode:_______________
 Berte Oyshota
1. Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethay ay aazii? Ay
ay doonati haasayettii? Ha katama giddon loythidi haaseyettiya doonati awssatee?
2. Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethay issipetetha
gahetetha bolla gathiya naaqoy ayba aybee?

32. 24
3. Sawla katama ayso issipetetha asa gaathan haasayettiya doona dummatethay issipetethas
immiya go7ay ayba aybee?
Immida zaaro gisho keeha galatays!!
Guja Qoncciso3 Cuga tobba
ARBBA MINCCE YUNBBERSSITE
SAWLA KAMPAASE
GOOFATHO DOONANNE BILA-XUUFE TIMIRTTE KIFILE
6. Doona dummatethi gahetetha (qofa laameretetha) bolla waatidi naaqo gathanaw danda7ii?
7. Sawla katama ayson asay dumma dumma doonata (Goofatho, Amaaratho, Basketetho,
Oydatho, hhm) go7ettoosona. Ha doonati aybi gaason medhettidee?
8. Ha dumma dumma doonata duussay Sawla katama issipetetha asa bolla gathiya naaqoy ay
gidanaw danda7ii?