BA Senior Essay

1. 1
SHEMPPO ISSINNO
GELO
Ha shemppoy kumethan oykkiday pilggetha guyeba esuwa, pilggetha qofa qoncciso, pilggetha
qoppobata, pilggetha oyshota, pilggetha go77a, pilggetha teqetanne pilggetha zawa shishi oykkis.
1.1.Xinaatiya Guyebaa Esuwa
Bila odi benippe doommidi ha77i gaso de7iya yeletappe yeletan aadhishe gam77idi,ha77ikka
de7iyanne sinthasikka de7iya deretetha buqura gidiya mela qonccisees.Mesele,(2000).
Ha eranchcha qofa mela bila- odi sinthappekka dhayennayssa mela qonccisses.
Bila-oda qommoti daro gidishin,tossenne hayse haasayati deretethas daro haggazza
immoosona.(Birhanu,1986:68) qonccissida mela adussa mega qofatanne haasayatan qonccissiya
qofata qanthan qonccisso abbey de7iya bila-odatappe tosenne hayse odati yeleta bessatanne
oonatetha qonccissiyaba gidiyayssa besses. Tosenne haysse odata xanna7on wodeppe woden
de7ida ammano,woga,issipetetha,poletikanne ikkonoome xeelota akeekanaw dandda7ettes gishe
bila-odi daro adussa wodes go7a immishe gam77idayssa besses.
Fiqaade,(1991:16) Fokilore gishe qonccissida mela “qaala gaason medhettiya haysse,qaala
ginxxo,tose,ar77e,sedhdhemenkke,h.h.m. ubba shiishshi oykkiyaba” gis.Ha qofa gathi xeellishin,
haysenne tose odati fokilore gaathan de7eyssa enttas de7iya issipetetha besses.
Pinnegan,(1976:134-6) qonccisida mela “issi deretethay aykkokka tamaaronnashe meeziyappe
issipetetha duussan shiishida deretetha shalonne buqura ubbay fokilore gideyssa”bessees. Ha
eranchchay qonccisiya mela, tossenne haysse asa na7i pa duussan timirtte soo gelidi tamaaronna
demmida gita shalo gideyssa besses. Ha qonccisoy tossesinne haysses de7iya issipetetha
qonccisses.
Tossetinne haysseti issipetetha duussa didixxatethan medhdhettidosona.(Zarune,2007:28). Ha
eranchcha qofay qonccisiya mela, tossetinne haysseti asa na7a duussa baaxiyan medhettidayssa
besses.Ha qofaykka nam77atas de7iya issipetetha besses.

2. 2
Ha pilggetha kaara bolla hayssappe sinthe dumma dumma pilggethati hara doonatan
oosettidoosona. Gidikkokka, ha pilggethay kaseyssappe dummatiya ogeti de7oosona.Heyssikka,
koyro wodes Goofatho doonan pilggettees. Kaallidikka,pilggetha ogeykka kasseyssappe
dummatees. Hara doonatan oosettida pilggethati billonna metota zaari qiccethan bertte gidida
metota qonccison gidiyayssi dummatethi bessees.
1.2 Meto Qoncciso
Pilgganchchay ha pilggetha kaara bolla xinaate wudidi oothanas denthida dumma dumma gaasoti
de7oosona.Ha gaasotappekka koyroteyssi Dembba Goofa woradan Karzza,Borddaninne Dombbe
qabaletan tossenne hayse odatas woykko haasayatas de7iya issipetethanne dummatetha
shaakkonna odettiya hanotay dalggan beettis. Ha qofa bolla Zarune,(2007:38) hayse odi issi
hanida bessaninne woden zemppidi odettiyaba gidishin,tossey qassi issi asi paas de7iya eratetha
meeziyan zemppidi koyida wodeninne bessan go7ettiyaba qoncccisees. Ha eranchcha qofappe
dummatiya hanotay Dembba Goofa woradan Karzza,Borddaninne Dombbe qabaletan daro bagga
deretethan bessanne wode shaakkidi go7ettonna hanotay beettes.Hayse taarike giddon shiiqiya
allaalleti medhdhettida bessanne wodiya geeshi bessonnabatanne hanana dandda7ees giya
medhota guussi. Gidida gishaw,hayseti tuma taarike gidi ekkiyassata gidonashe walloyanasinne
kaha ufayssanaw abbe de7ees gishe (Wiliyame,1965:4) qonccisees. Ha eranchcha qofan haysey
tuma hanida taarike gidonashin asa na7a kaha walloyanas medhettidaba giyassa tillayanaw ha
pilgganchchay koyis.
Tosse odi qanthi gidishin,deretetha hiilla,tumatethanne kandduwa qanthaninne hayzettiya medho
yeletappe yeletan aadhdhiyaba gishe (Imbet,2004:2-4) qonccisees.Ha nam77u eranchchata qofay
tossesinne hayses de7iya dummatetha besses.
Tossetinne hayseti issi deretethas de7iya woga,taarikenne meeziya qonccisiyayssi dumma
dumma woden eranchchati markkanddon zemppidi qonccisishe gam77idoosona. Gidoppe attin,
Dembba Goofa woradan Karzza, Borddaninne Dombbe qabaletan tosse odatanne hayse odata
dummatethanne issipetetha shaaki go7ettonna hanotappe denddidayssan pilgganchchay ha kaara
bolla pilggethay oosethis.

3. 3
1.3 Pilggetha Qoppobata
1 .3.1 Kumetha qoppoba
Dembba Goofa woradan Karzza,Borddaninne Dombbe qabaletan haasa7ettiya tossenne hayse
odata issipetethanne dummatetha xomooso.
1.3.2 Sima Qoppobata
1.Dembba Goofa woradan Karzza,Borddaninne Dombbe qabaletan haasayettiya tossenne hayse
issipetetha xomoosanassa.
2.Dembba Goofa woradan Karzza,Borddaninne Dombbe qabaletan haasayettiya tossenne hayse
dummatetha yigi xeellanassa.
3.Dembba Goofa woradan Karzza,Borddaninne Dombbe qabaletan haasayettiya tossenne hayse
odata kaalliya yeletas suure ogera waatidi aathanakko pilggi xeelo.
1.4 Pilggetha Oyshota
1.Dembba Goofa woradan karzza , BorddaninneDombbe qabaletan haasayettiya tossenne hayse
giddon de7iya issipetethay aybee?
2.Dembba Goofa woradan Karzza, Borddaninne Dombbe qabaletan haasayettiya tossesinne
hayses de7iya dummatethay aybee?
3. Dembba Goofa woradan Karzza,Borddaninne Dombbe qabaletan haasayettiya tossenne hayse
kaalliya yeletas suure ogen aathanaw ay ooso koshshii?
1.5 Pilggetha Go7a
Dembba Goofa woradan de7iya deretethan keehippekka Karzza Borddanne Dombbe tossesnne
hayses de7iya issipetethanne dummatetha shaakki eridi kaalliya yeletas suure ogen
aathanadaninne bila –odappe bila –xuufekko laammanadan go77ees. Hara wode ha pilggetha
kaara bolla pilggethi othiya pilgganchchatas nam77antho pultto gididi maaddees.

4. 4
1.6 Pilggetha Ooso Teqeta
Pilgganchcha bolla ha pilggetha ooso poluwan dumma dumma teqeti medhdhettidosonna.
Hessatikka, markkanddo shiishos doorettida bessinddoti markkanddo shiisho wode kooshe
duuqanasinne pooto denthanas qaada immonays, woga, turuuzimenne kawo gahetetha xaafo
keetha kaappuwappe markkanddo demmanas biro simmertton daro wode ekkidays ha pilggethas
dhube gidishin, pilgganchchay ha ubba dhubeta gaathara paw de7iya wodiyanne miisha yarshidi
ha pilggetha poluwan gathis.
1.7 Pilggetha Zawa
Pilgganchchay loythidi wuda wothidi pilggethi othanas denddiday Dembba Goofa woradan
Karzza,Borddaninne Dombbe qabaletan haasayettiya tossetasinne haysetas de7iya issipetethanne
dummatetha bolla xalaala gidees. Bila –oda qommoti daro gidishin, pilgganchchay daro wuda
wothidi pilggetha oothey tossenne hayse odotas de7iya issipetethanne dummatetha bolla gidees.

5. 5
SHEMPPO NAM77A
GAKETETHI DE7IYA XUUFETA ZAARETHO
GELO
Ha shemppon tossenne hayse odatara dabbotethi de7iya eranchchati xaafida xuufeta zaaretho
gidishin,bila-oda aybatetha, bila-oda macarata , qaala odanne bertte qaala oda qommotas
paatetha shiishon,tossesinne hayses de7iya issipetethasnne dummatethas aaho birshshetha
eranchchata qofara gathi shiishis.
2.1 Bila-Oda
Bila- oda giddon moodettiya daro qaala odati de7oosona. Hessata giddoppe hayse,tosse guussati,
woga, eeppike, baalade,sedhemenkke,qan7ishe ,yetha
ginxxo,shal77e,anjjo,baadethi,ceeqo,hanqqo,oda,cashe,qayxxe,sarotho ,h.h.m gidosona.Bila-
odati aduussa wodes asata kaha giddon de7iya qofa eziggon hara asatas odon,hayseyon,
yexxon,aadhdhiya hiilla gishe Solomone(2007:79) qonccisis.
2.2 Bila-Oda Macarata
Bila- oda eranchchay Finegan(1976:134-6) bila –oda macarata kaalliya ogen moodees .
Hessatikka: hiilla,yeso,ooso,pollo kanddota,heeratho oda moodethanne guutha wodenne bessa
gidi shaakis.
2.3 Qaala Oda
Qaala odi bila-oda macara gidishin,asata eziggo hiilla baaso udidi qaalan daro laythas
aadhdhishe de7idanne hachchi yeletasikka gakidaba gishe pokiloore pilgganchchay qonccisis.Ha
qofa xeelliya wode qaala odi beni wodeppe doommidi ha7i yeletan gakkidayssa beesses.

6. 6
2.4 Bertte Qaala Oda-Qommota
2.4.1 Hayse
Hayse dommethay issi heera mela shiiqiya hanotay dummattees. Mallas: Kambbatan hayse
odettishe “allalliya ishara gahettiya hayse odana” gidi dommoosona. Hara Gaammonne Goofa
heeratan qassi “hayse hanees” gishe dommoosona gidi eranchchati qofa immidosona.
2.4.2 Tosse
“Tosse odi qofa qashshon,minthon, qonccisoninne geeshshi udanaw go7ees” gishe
Zaruney,(2007:36) qonccisis .Ha eranchcha qofa xeellishin, tosse asa na7i paas beettiyaba,
si7ettiyabanne gaatha ammuwa qonccisanaw go7ettiya qanthanne geeshsha gidida qofa
qonccisiya qaala oda gideyssa beessees.
2.5 Tossesinne Hayses De7iya Dummatetha
Solomone(2007:87-135) gishe “hayse odettiya asi dommishe beni wode,beni- beni,issi
gallasi,h.h.mgo7ettidi kiita aathishin,tosse odettiya uray qassi paas de7iya meeziyan zemppidi
awudekka,awunikka go7ettidi kiita aathees”gishe qonccisis.Ha eranchchay qonccisiya mela
hayse wodenne bessa ekkidi polettiyaba gidiya mela qonccisishe,tosse qassi odettiya uras
eratethan zemppidi koyida wodeninne bessan go7etethan paa qofa kuyanaw dandda7ees giyessa
bessees.

7. 7
SHEMPPO HEEDZA
PILGGETHA OOSO HIILLA
Gelo
Ha shemppoy kumethan shiishi oykkiyaade pilggetha hiilla,bessinddo dooro hanotanne
bessinddo darotetha,markkanddo shiisho miisheta, pilggetha ooso maara, pilggetha
ammantethinne suuretetha,markkanddo paatetha hanota,pilggetha ooso siraata,pilggetha ooso
halchchonne pilggetha baajete halchcho gidees.
3.1 Pilggetha Oosuwa Medhuwa
Pilgganchchay paa pilggetha oosuwa zawa gathanaw doorida kaaran injjettiya xaana7o hiilla
dooridi pilggetha oothis.Pilgganchchay xaana7o ogetappe ha pilggethas qoncciso hiilla go7ettidi
shiiqida markkanddota qaalan yiggis.
3.2 Bessinddo Dooro Hanotanne Darotetha
Pilgganchchay ha pilggetha oothiday Dembba Goofa woradan Bordda,Dombbenne Karzza
qabaletan haasayettiya tossetanne hayseta issipetethanne dummatetha bolla gidishin,ha
pilggethan paas markkanddo immanas dandda7iya ciire dondzdzata heerappe dooridi ekkis.
Kumetha Dembba Goofa woradan de7iya qabeleta darotethay 35 gidees. Ha pilggetha oosos
pilgganchchay qaada immona bessinddo dooro ogen qoppoba bolla wudayon bessinddo dooridi
xinaattiyan hashettiyayssata dooreya qoppoba wudayon gidishin, oonaniti doorettiyakko koyida
markkandduwa immanee? Awussati xinaattiyan hashettiyakko koshshiya markkanddo
demmanee?Getettiya oyshata denthidi pilggetha qoppoba zawa gathis.Heyssappe denddidayssan
adde 20 macca 10 wolibolla 30 asata dooris.Issi issi qabaleppe tammu tammu bessinddo dooridi
ekkis.
3.3 Markkanddo Shiisho Miisheta
Markkanddoy ekketey metoy de7ees getettida pulttoppe gidishin, tummatethi de7iya
markkanddoy beetanaada qaada medhdhiya gisho, pilgganchchay koyro pultto
dooris.Pilgganchchay kaarara bees gidi qofida dumma dumma markkanddo shiisho ogeta

8. 8
go7ettis. Hessatikka :qaala ooyshota,wudattida cuga tobbanne xaafettida miisheta yaran yaran
shaakki xeello giddoosoona.
3.3.1 Qaala Oysha
Yalew,(1998) “markkanddo shiisho wode zaaranchchatappe metuwa bilanaw qulpe gidida
markkata qaalan oychidi demmanaas maaddees” gis. Pilgganchchay medhoy suure gidenna qaala
oysha paw giiggisidi qoodan guutha oyshettiyassatas pilggachchay oosettiya qoppobas
ciimmonne paatethi de7iya markkanddo shiishshis. Heyssappe denddidayssan pilgganchchay
oyddu qaala oyshata pilggetha oyshappe ekkidi wudattida cugata giddon de7iya 5 ciire
dondzdzatas giiggisis. He ciire dondzdzatappe beettida markkanddoy pilggetha oysha issos
zaaro immis.
3.3.2 Wudatida Cuga Tobba
Pilgganchchay wudatida cuga tobba metuwa yuushon gidiya markkanddoy de7anaw dandda7ees
gidi qofiya asata ekkon denddiya oyshata yuushon cugan tobbidi markkanddo immana mela
ichchashu medhon suure gidenna oyshata heedzu qabaletappe 25 ciire dondzdzata ekkon enitti
de7iya qabalen 3 cugan tobbanaw oysha shiishshis,qoppobappe perzzena mela kaallis,kaallethiya
qofata immoppe naagetethi h.h.m oosota polis. Ha oyshay pilggetha oysha nam77as zaaro immis.
3.3.3 Xaafettida Miisheta Yaran Yaran Shaakki Xeelo
Pilgganchchay pilggethas de7iya kanduwanne qommuwa mela markkanddo shiishos Dembba
Goofa woga turizimenne kawo gahetetha xaafo keethan tossenne hayse baggara xaafettida
miishete yaran yaran shaakki xeellis.
3.4 Pilggetha Ooso Maara
Pilgganchchay qoppoba zawa gathanaw oosuwa buussa sinth-guye maara
naagis.qoppoba,simaqoppoba,pilggethaoysha,pilggethazawa,shemppoissoyoykis.Nam77antho
gaketethi de7iya zaaretho xuufeta xeellis.Heedzantho shemppon pilggetha xaana7o hiillanne
pilggetha hanota gidishin shemppo oyddan markkanddo paatethanne kuyetha qofa immis.
Pilgganchchay ha qommon qonccidabata ooso polis.

9. 9
3.5 Markkanddo Paatetha Hanota
Pilgganchchay markkanddo shiisho miishetappe qaala oysha,wudattida cuga tobbanne xaafettida
miisheta yaran yaran shaakki xeellon shiishidayssata qaala markkanddo qoncciso hiilla go77ettis.
Gaasoykka,qabaletappe markkanddo shiisho ogetan shiishida markkanddota qaalan markkanddo
qoncciso hiillan paattanas injjettiya gisho pilgganchchay ha ogiya dooris.
3.6 Pilggetha Ammanetethinne Suuretethi Tillayo
Pilgganchchay meto bilanas giigisida oyshatas dumma dumma zaaroy de7iya markkanddo
shiishshis.Gujjidikka, pilgganchchay pa buzo qofan gidonnashin beettida markkanddoninne
zoradde kiita baaso udidi metuwa suure billidi kuushshan gathis.
3.7 Pilggetha Ooso Siraata
Qaala oysha oychchiyayssanne oyshetteyssa giddon polettiya gahetetha gidishin, koyettiya
markkanddo demmanas oychcheyssi hananaw bessiya kanddoti de7osona.Ha kanddoti beettiya
markkanddos ammanetethinne suuretethi de7ana mela keehidi maaddosona.He
kanddotikka,moode gidida afila ma7o,moode gidida gahetetha medho,suure qonncciso,zaaro
xaafonne zaareyssa qaada oychchidi teepen duuqo,zokottiya misetethi de7iya qofata gujjoppe
naagetethinne wursethan galata shiishon pilgganchchay pa pilggetha ooso siraata
polis.Gujjidikka,zaaranchchata xuura naagonne immida markkanddota ha pilggetha oosuwas
xalaala go7etteyssa qonccison gidin zaaranchchata kumetha
maata,ammanon,matumatethan,bessiya ginatetha naagon polis.

10. 10
SHEMPPO OYDDA
MARKKANDDO PAATETHA, BIRSHETHINNE DEMOTA
Gelo
Ha shemppoy kumethan markkanddo shiisho miishshetan shiiqida markkanddota birshetha,
paatetha,demotanne tobba shiishshi oykkis.
4.1 Demota
4.1.1 Dembba Goofa Woradan Karzza,Borddanne Dombbe Qabaletan Haasayettiya
Tossenne Hayse Odata Issipetetha
Pilgganchchay pa pilggethas suure markkanddo shiishshanaw giigissida qaala oyshota ichchashu
ciire dondzdzatas shiishshis. Ha ichchashu ciire dondzdzatas issuwas issuwas imettida kooddey
zaaranchcha 1=A,2=B,3=C,4=D nne 5=E imettis. Hessappe kaallidi 5 ciire dondzatas kaalliya
mela oyshoti shiiqis.
Oysho:1 Tossenne hayse aybee?
Zaaranchcha- A
Tossey issi oda minthanawunne mal77enthanaw maaddiya bila-oda qommo gidishin,haysey
tuma taarike gidonnashin asa na7a kaha walloyanas medettidaba gis.
Zaaranchcha- B
Tossey issi oda boranaw, nashshanaw, wodhanaw, pathanawunne kadhanaw maaddiyaba
gidishin, Hayse asa na7a kaha walloyanawunne ufayssanaw go77es gis.
Zaaranchcha-C
Tossey issi asas de7iya laafatetha ,goobatetha,cinccatetha,h.h.m. qonccissanaw maaddes gishe
zaaris. Haysey qassi asa nayti issipetethan uttidi wollira kaa7anas, dubbusha ho7ethanas
go77es gis.

11. 11
Zaaranchcha-D
Ha nam77u bila odati beni wode tekinolojjey de7enna woden de7iya asay entta aybatetha
shaakki eresppe attin ha77i suure zaaro immanaw dandda7ikke gis.
Zaaranchcha-E
Haysenne tossey issi deretetha giddon ciire gidida asataba gis. Heyssappe qommon tossenne
haysse aybatethaba A-E gaso de7iya zaaranchchata qofa xaaxi waaxishin,zaaranchcha D nne E
immida zaaro xeellishin tossenne hayse aybatetha qonccissenna zaaro immishin,A-C gaso
de7iya zaaranchchati tosse issi oda minthanaw,wodhanaw ,laafissanaw,h.h.m. go77es. Hayse
qassi tuma taarike gidonnashin asa na7a walloyanasinne kaha ufayssanas medhettida bila oda
gishe zaaridosona.Hessappe denddidayssan tossenne haysey issi deretetha oonatetha
qonccissiyayssanne dumma dumma wallotethasinne ufayssas gita haggazza immiyayssa bessis.
Oysha2: Haysenne tosse giddon de7iya issipetethay aybee?
Zaaranchcha-A
Nam77atikka doonara odetethan aadhosonanne dere shalo.
Zaaranchcha-B
Nam77atikka dere shalo gididi asa na7a tamaarssoosona gis.
Zaaranchcha –C
Tossenne hayse odi dumma dumma issipetetha duussan asa na7a kaha boshon wollira kachchi
medhettana mela udiyaba gidi zaaris.
Zaaranchcha-D
Nam77atikka kiita aathosona,asa na7a tamaarissoosonanne ufayssoosona gis.
Zaaranchcha-E
Nam77atasikka medhoynne shiisho hanotay wollira gaketethi baawa gis.

12. 12
Hessappe qommon tossenne hayse giddon de7iya issipetethaba zaaranchcha A-E gaso de7iya
zaarota xaaxi waaxishin,C nne E immida zaaroy tossenne hayse odi asa na7a issipetetha
duussan kaha boshon kachchi medhanaw dandda7iyaba gidishin enttas de7iya medhoynne
shiiqo hanotaykka dummates gidosona. Hara baggara A,B nneD immida zaaroy tossenne haysey
doonara odetethan aadhiyaba gididi asa na7a tamaarison,kiita aason,zore imon,gita go7a
immiya dere shalo gidosona.Ha markkanddoy bessiya mela, haysenne tosse bila oda macara
gididi doonara timirtte soo gelidi tamaaronnashin demida dere shalo gidiyayssa tillays.
Pilgganchchay markkanddo shiisho miishshatappe wudattida cuga tobba medhon pa pilggethas
25 ciire dondzata 3 cugan shaakon oysha shiishshis. Ha 3 cugata zaaruwa paattanaw issuwas
issuwas koodde immis. Hessatikka cuga-1=00,cuga-2=01 nne cuga-3=010 giya sunthi immis.
Hayssappe kaallidi 3 cugatas kaalliya oyshota shiishshis.
Oysho-1 Hayse aybee?
Cuga=00
Hayse asa na7i wollira duussa baaxiyan medhidaba gis.
Cuga=01
Haysey asa na7a lo77o odetetha dandda7a medhdhes gis.
Cuga=010
Hayse asa na7a duussara gahettiya bila oda gidi zaaris.
Ha qommon hayse aybatethaba kumetha zaaranchchata qofa xaaxi waaxishin, hayse asa na7a
duussa baaxiyan medhettidi he deretetha lo77o doona loohanchcha udes gidi zaaridosona. Ha
cugata qofay qonccissiya mela haysey deretethappe beettidi he deriya go77iya dere shalo
giyayssa bessis.
Oysha-2 Tosse aybee?
Cuga=00
Tosse dalgga oda qanthara shiishshes gis.

13. 13
Cuga=01
Tosse oda tillayesinne mal77ethes gis.
Cuga=010
Tosse wode naagenna odettiya dere shalo.
Tosses imettida zaaruwa xaaxi waaxishin, dalgga odatan wode naagenna gelon he oda tillayes
gidosona.Heyssappe denddidayssan tosse dalgga odata geeshshidi qanthara shiishsheyssa
tillays.
Oysho-3 Haysenne tosse giddon de7iya issipetethay aybee?
Cuga=00
Nam77atikka bila oda gididi awudee?,oonii medhidakko erettenna gis.
Cuga=01
Hayssenne tosse entta suntha mela aathiya kiitaykka dummates gishe zaaris.
Cuga=010
Hayseninne tossen aadhiya kiitati he deriyas de7iya kumetha oonatetha qonccissiyaba gis.
Ha qommon tossenne hayse issipetethaba cuga 01-y enttas de7iya suntha mela aathiya kiitaykka
dumma gidishin ,cuga=00 nne cuga=010 tossessinne hayses de7iya issipetethay entti aathiya
kiitay he deriya oonatetha qonccissiyayssa mela zaaridosona. Ha qofa xeellishin, tossenne
haysey deriyappe medhettidi zaaridi he deriya oonatetha qonccissiyayssa bessis.

14. 14
4.1.2.Dembba Goofa Woradan Karzza,Borddaninne Dombbe Qabaletan Haasayettiya
Tossenne Hayse Dummatetha
Oysha-3:Haysenne tosse giddon de7iya dummatethay aybee?
Zaaranchcha-A
Hayssey doommishenne gorddishe giya guussati ubba wodekka issi mela gidishin,tosse qass issi
uray paas de7iya eratetha mela koyda bessan go7ettanaw dandda7es gidi zaaris.
Zaarancha-B
Hayses geloy,gomppinne kuushshi de7ishin,tosses qassi dumma dumma odatan gelon he oda
geeshshesinne qonccisses gidi zaaris.
Zaaranchcha-C
Nam77atikka wallotethasippe attin hara haggaza immokkona gis.
Zaaranchcha-D
Hayse odi medhon tosse odappe aduqqes gidi zaaris.
Zaaranchcha-E
Ha nam77atakka go7ettiyay dere asa gidiya gishshaw dummatethi baawa gishe zaaris.
Ha bollara tossenne hayse dummatethas imettida A-E gaso de7iya zaaranchchata qofa xaaxi
waaxishin, Zaaranchcha C nne E haysenne tosse deretethay wallotethas kanchche go7ettiya dere
shaloppe attin hara dummatethi baawa gishin A,B nne D haysse odi medhon tosseppe aduqqes,
haysses moode gidida doomethinne gorddi de7ishin tosses heyssa meli baawa. Gujjidikka
haysses geloy, gomppinne kuushshi de7ishin,tosses qassi odettiya uray paas de7iya eratetha
mela awunikka awudekka go7ettanaw dandda7es gidosona. Ha dalgga zaaranchchata qofay
bessiya mela haysses moode gidida buussa hanotay de7ishin tosse qassi issi asi pa eratetha mela
go7ettiyayssa bessis.

15. 15
Oysha-4:Haysenne tosse giddon de7iya dummatethay aybee?
Cuga-00
Haysse ubba wodekka benibatethan zemppidi odettishin,tosse qassi odettiya ura eratetha mela
koyda woden go7ettes gis.
Cuga-01
Hayse odettanaw tosse mela ciire asa koyenna gishe zaaris.
Cuga-010
Haysse aathanaw koyda kiita qoncce ogen aathishin,tosse qassi geeman kiita aathiya bila oda
gidi zaaris.
Kumethan, cuga-00,01 nne 010 immida zaaroy haysse odettanaw koyda asi beniban zemppidi
daro wode yoga naytas odettishin, tosse odettanaw ciire woyikko eratethi de7iya asa gidanaw
besses gidi zaarida. Ha qofay bessiya mela haysse odettanaw daro ciiretethi koshshenna
attikkonne beniban zemppidi odettiyaba gidishin tossey ciiretethi koyiya bila oda gidiyayssa
qonccissis.
4.1.3Dembba Goofa Woradan Karzza,Borddaninne Dombbe Qabaletan Haasayettiya
Tossenne Hayse Odata Kaalliya Yeletas Suure Aaso Oge.
Oysha-4:Haysenne tosse odata kaalliya yeletas suure ogen aathanaw ay ooso koshshii?
Zaaranchcha-A
Haysenne tosse odata kaalliya yeletas suure ogen aathanaw timirtte keethan hara timirtte
qommota mela tamaarisso koshshes gis.
Zaaranchcha-B
Haysenne tosse kaalliya yeletas doodara odetethan gidonnashe xuufe dethan laamettidi
aadhanaw besses gis.

16. 16
Zaaranchcha-C
Haysenne tosse benippe doodara odettishe yidaba gidiya gishsho kaalliya yeletasikka odetetha
dethan aadhanaw besses gis.
Zaaranchcha –D
Tossenne hayse odata wodiya tekinoolojjera gathi xeelon immiya go7ay daro gidiya gishsho bila
oda dethappe bila xuufe dethan xaafettidi aadhanaw koshshes gidi zaaris.
Zaaranchcha-E
Tossenne hayse odata deretetha gaathappe maxi shiishshidi tamaarida asay woraqaten xaafidi
kaalliya yeletas aathanaw koshshes gis.
Ha qommon imettida zaaroti haysenne tosse odata kaalliya yeletas xuufen aathanaw koshshes
gishe zaaranchcha A,B,D nne E zaaridosona. C zaaroy qassi bila oda gidiya gishsho doonara
aadhanaw besses gis.
Ha dalgga asa qofay bessiya mela haysenne tosse odata xaafi giigison kaalliya yeletas aathanaw
bessiyayssa qonccissis.
Oysha-5: Haysenne tosse odata kaalliya yeletas suure ogen aathanaw ay ooso koshshii?
Cuga-00
Haysenne tosse odati immiya haggaza yuushshi qofon tamaarida asay pilggethi oothidi shiishon
kaalliya yeletas aathikko lo77o gis.
Cuga-01
Haysenne tosse deretethas immiya go7a dalggissanaw tamaarida asay deretetha issipetetha
shaluwa shiishshi woso koshshes gishe zaaris.
Cuga-010
Haysenne tosse nu mayzza ma77eppe laattida shalo gidiya gisho ha77i wode yeletay
tekinoolojjen zemppidi dogishe de7iya gisho xaafettidi uttikko lo77o gis.
Ha heedzu cugati haysenne tosse asa na7as immiya go7ay daro gidiya gisho tamaarida asay
deretethara hashetidi maxi shiishshidi xaafon kaalliya yeletas aathanaw bessiyayssa
qonccissidosona. Hayssappe denddidayssan, haysenne tosse ha77i wode yeletay dogishe biya
gisho xaafettidi kaalliya yeletas aadhanaw bessiyayssa tillays.

17. 17
4.2 Tobba
Pilgganchchay pa pilggetha demote doona eranchchata gaketethi de7iya zaaretho xuufiyara gathi
xeelliyade : Bila oda eranchchay Finegan(1976), haysenne tosse bila oda macaran mooddis. Ha
pilggetha demotaykka tossenne hayse odan kiita aathiya ,tamaarissiyanne walloyiya bila oda
macara gideyssi tillattis.
Doona eranchchay Zeruney(2007), Tosse dalgga odata geeshshidi qanthara shiishshes
gidayssatho ha pilggetha demotanikka tossey daro odata qanthara shiishshes giyayssi mino
gidida gahetethi de7iyayssa besses.
Fokiloore eranchchay Solomone (2007), haysey odettiyay beni ban zemppidi gidishin tossey
uras de7iya oda dandda7a mela awudekka go7ettanaw dandda7es gida mela ha pilggetha
demotaykka hayse odettanaw daro cinccatethi koshshenna attikkonne beniban zemppidi
odettiyanne tosse odi ciiretethi koyiya bila oda gidayssara suure gahetethi de7iyayssa qonccisses.
Imebeeta (2003),Tosse odi qanthi gidishin,deretetha hiilla,tumatethanne kandduwa qanthaninne
hayzettiya medhon yeletappe yeletan aadhiyaba gidayssatho ha pilggetha demotay tossey issi
deres de7iya oonatetha qanthara qonccisses giyayssi mino gaketethi bessis.
Ha pilgganchchay koyro ha pilggethas wuda wothidi denddiday hayse tuma taarike gidonnashe
asa na7a kaha walloyanasinne ufayssanas medhettidaba geetettidayssa ha pilggetha demotan
hayse tuma taarike gidonnashe asa na7a walloyanas medhettidaba gidiyayssa tillays.
Pilgganchchay Dembba Goofa Woradan Karzza,Borddanne Dombbe qabaletan ha77i wode
yeletay tossesinne hayses de7iya issipetethanne dummatetha shaakkonna go7ettiyayssa bolla
shiiqida markkanddon enttas de7iya issipetethanne dummatetha shaakkis.Gujjidikka,ha worada
woganne buqura naagiya xifate keethan xaafettida miishshata yaran yaran shaakki xeelon
tossenne hayse odatas gita besse imon enttas de7iya kiita aaso maara naagidi kuren kuren
shaakkidi maxi maxi shiishon wothida markkanddon ha odatas xifate keethay wuda wothidi
oothiyayssa akeekis.

18. 18
SHEMPPO ICHCHASHA
KUUYETHINNE OGE BESOTA
Ha shemppuwan kumetha pilggetha kuuyethatinne sinthas oge besoti maaran shiiqidosona.
5.1 Kuuyetha
Ha pilgganchchay Dembba Goofa woradan Karzza, Borddaninne Dombbe qabaletan
haasa7ettiya tossenne hayse odata issipetethanne dummatetha shaakki eronna go7ettiya hanota
bolla wuda wothidi oothis. Ha qabaletan tossenne hayse shaakki eronna metotas gaasoti ayba
aybekkonne shaakki eros heedzu markkanddo shiisho oosoti polettidosona.Heyssanikka daro
bagga ha77i yeletas ha metoy de7iyayssanne he metotikka ayba aybekko doorettida bessinddoti
immida markkandduwappe akeekettis. He metotikka ha77i yeletay tekinoolojje bolla zemppo,
haysesinne tosses besse immonnayssa, go7a shaakki eronna meto, kare doonatas besse imonne
timirtte keethan timirtte qommo mela haysenne tosse imettonnayssan ha metoy medhettidayssi
akeekettis.
5.2 Oge Besota
Ha pilggethan qonccida mela haysenne tosse odata shaakki go7ettonna metotas haniya
birshshethi beettena mela demote baasoyidi kaalliya ogen besoti wosettida:
 Tamaarida asati tossesinne hayses goda gidida deretethara hashetethi medhon
tekinoloojera gasettidi ha77i yeletas loohiso immanaw bessees.
 Haysenne tosse hara timirtte qommo mela timirtte keethan tamaaretas imettanadan ha
ooso allaalley xeelliya Dembba Goofa worada woga, turizimenne kawo gahetetha xaafo
keetha kaappoy wuda wothidi qaaxxanaw bessees.
 Tossenne hayse suure go7ettiya ciire asati kaalliya yeleta issipetetha duussan
meezeyanaw koshshees.
 Haysenne tossey bila-oda gidiya gisho dogettonna mela xaafi shiishshidi wothanaw
bessees.
 Woganne turizimenne kawo gahetetha xaafo keethay doona eranchchatanne ciire
dondzata giddon tobba medhidi deretethay kumetha tossenne hayse suure ogen
go7ettanadan loohiso be

19. 19
Markka Maxaafa
መመመ መመመመመመ(2008)መመመመመመ መመ መመመመመ መመመመመመመ መመመመመ
መመመመመ
መመመመመ መመመመመመመመመመመ
መመመመ መመመመመ(2007)መመ መመመመ መመመመመ መመመመ መመመመመ
መመመመመመመመመ
መመመመመመ መመመ መመመመመመመ
መመመመ መ/መመመመመ(1992)መመመመመመመ መመመመመ መመመመመመ መመመመመመመመመ
መመመመ
መመመመመ መመመ መመመመ መመመመ
መመመመ መመመመመመ(2003)መመ መመመ መመመመ መመ መመመ መመመ መመመ መመመመመ
መመመመመ መመመመመመመመመመመ መመመ መመመመመመመመ
መመመመ መመመመመመ(2004)መመ መመ-መመመ መመመመመመመመመመመመመ
መመመመመመመመ
መመመመ መመመ መመመመ መመመመመመ
መመመ መመመመመ መመመመ(2004)መመመመመመመ መመመመመ መመመመመመ
መመመመመመመመ
መመመመ መመመመመመመመ መመ መመመመመመመ መመመ መመመመ መመመመመመ
መመመ መመመመመ(2002)መመ መመመ-መመ መመመመመመመመመ መመመ መመመመመመ
መመመመመመመ
መመመመ መመመመመ
Finnegan,R.(1976).Oral Literature in Africa. Oxford University Press.
Williyame W,B.(1992).African folktales in new world. Indian
university press

20. 20
Guja Qoncciso-1: Qaala Oyshota
ARBBA MINCCE YUNBBURISTTE
DERETETHA SAYNSSENNE ASA ALLALLE KOLLOJJE GOOFATHO DOONANNE
BILA XUUFE- TIMIRTTE KIFILEN KOYRO DIGIRE KUNTHEHTO PILGGETHA
OOSOS GIIGIDA MARKKANDDO SHIISHO MIISHSHE.
Pilggetha Oosos Giigida Dondzdza Asatan Zaaretiya Qaala Oyshota.
Bonchchettida dondzdzato!
Ha qaala oyshas qoppobay Dembba Goofa woradan Karzza,Borddanne Dombbe qabaletan
haasayettiya tossenne hayse odata issipetethanne dummatetha xomooso. Hinttekka ha pilggetha
oosos ammanthiyanne tuma gidida zaaro immana mala bonchchon oychchays.Hintte immiya
zaarotasinne markkandotas xuuray naagettidi ha pilggetha oosos xalaala pee7iyassa hintena
erisays.
Kaalloda 1:Oonatetha qoncciso.
1. Laytha: 40- 50 50ppe bolla
2. Mattuma : Adde----- Macca------
Kaalloda 2: Kaallidi Shiiqida oyshota qaalan zaarite.
1.Hayse nne tosse aybee?

21. 21
2.Haysenne tosse giddon de7iya issipetethay aybee? Ane Goofa wogan haysettiya hayseta
hayson sissite?
3.Haysenne tosse giddon de7iya dummatethay aybee?
4.Haysenne tosse odata kaalliya yeletas suure ogen aathanaw ay ooso koshshii?
Wozanaappe Galatays!
Guja Qonciso-2: wudattida cuga tobban zaarettiya Oyshota
ARBBA MINCCE YUNBBURISTTE
DERETETHA SAYNSSENNE ASA ALLALLE KOLLOJJE GOOFATHO DOONANNE
BILA XUUFE- TIMIRTTE KIFILEN KOYRO DIGIRE KUNTHEHTO PILGGETHA
OOSOS GIIGIDA MARKKANDDO SHIISHO MIISHSHE.
Pilggetha Oosos Giigida wudattida cuga tobban zaarettiya Oyshota.
Bonchchettida cuga tobbeyssato!
Ha oyshas qoppobay Dembba Goofa woradan Karzza,Borddanne Dombbe qabaletan
haasayettiya tossenne hayse odata issipetethanne dummatetha xomooso . Hinttekka ha pilggetha
oosos ammanthiyanne tuma gidida zaaro immana mala bonchchon oychchays.Hintte immiya
zaarotanne markkanddota xuuray naagettidi ha pilggetha oosos xalaala pee7iyassa hintena
erisays.
Kaalloda 1: Oonatetha Qoncciso.
1.Laytha: 2.Mattuma: 3.Timirtte detha:
3. Kaalloda 2: Kaallidi shiiqida oyshotas intte cugan tobbidi zaaro immite.
1.Hayse aybee?

22. 22
2.Tosse aybee?
3.Haysenne tosse giddon de7iya issipetethay aybee?
4.Haysenne tosse giddon de7iya dummatethay aybee?
5.Haysenne tosse odata kaalliya yeletas suure ogen aathanaw ay ooso koshshii?
Wozanappe galatays!