BA Senior Essay

1. 1
SHEMPPO ISSO
GELO
1.1 Metuwas Dendduwa
Haasaya hiilli doonas de7iya oyddu baaso gidida hiillatappe issuwa . Hayssi Gofatho doona
tamaaranaw loythi maadiya doona hilla qommotappe issuwa gidiyaysi qoncce. Tamaareti
tamaariya wode pantta aaye doona woykko hara asatappe meezettida doona go7etiyaysi entti
nu heera asattappe Goofatho doona gidin hara timirttetara haasaya kooshetara gayetanaw
metoynne waayey baynna haasayidi kumetha qofa demannaw maadiya gishshossa.
Doona eranchchati Barrs,M.nneTomas (eds) (1996) guttuma pidaleta aybbatetha qonccisishe:
guttuma pidaleta xeesiya wode kooshshinchati dom77etidi kooshshe medhdhosona. Ha
guttuma pidaletas dhuussay “ symphonon” giya qaalappe gidishin birshshethayka guttuma
pidaleta qaala xeessi yaagidosona.
Guttuma koosheta xeesa hanota nu heeran gidin nu gade Tophphiyan de7iya timmirtte
keethan doona timmirtten daro wode beettees. Ha metoy Goofatho doona timmirtten dhube
gidishe gam77idees. Hessa gisho pilgganchchay ha xinaaten gahetiya Gayla kumetha issintho
detha timmirtte keethan 8tho kifile tamaaretan Goofatho doona timirtten guttuma koosheta
xeessas metoy aybee? geyssa booki demmidi metuwa shaakkis.
1.2. Mettuwa Qoncciso
Haasaya koosheti keehi daro gidikoka ha pilggethay wuddayssadan guttuma koosheta xeesa
hanotay issuwa giddiyaysi erettees. Ha koosheta xeesa hanotay timirtte keethan polettiya
koosheta xeessa hanota gideysa daro eranchchati qonccisidosona.Haysankka guttuma
koosheta xeesa hiillanne usttatara de7iya dummatetha bolla dumma dumma eranchchati
pantta qofan birshshidosona. Hessata gidoppe Ladefoged, 2001,anne Stevens (2002) giya
doona eranchchati qonccisishe : koyro dethan haasaya koosheti nabbabeteysatanne
nabbabisiyayssata xeessa dummatethatinne daro kanddoti de7eyssa qonccisishe nam7anthora
kothetethanne dummatetha shaakidi duulatan nabbabeteysa giddon de7iya dhassay dhaysishin
kooshe gishsherethoy hessa nam77ata wudatethan moodethinne wallotethi oothidi taybeettees.

2. 2
Nam7anthora daro pilgganchati qonccisishe: ha77i elessi wodiyan go7etiya koosheta
kooshshinchchatinne hara kale kooshshinchata giddon dummatethi de7eysa qonccisis
(Colenne Owel, 1996).
Heedzanthon uuga pilgganchati qonccisishshe nabbabeteysatanne nabbabiseysata giddon
de7iya ooso shaaketethay oothi beson eretees yaaggidosona. Ha qommon qonccisida
eranchchati guttuma kooshsheta xeesa hanota bollanne koosheta medheta hanota bolla dumma
dumma qofa woththidosona. Gido attin, guttuma kooshsheta xeessa metoy ha77i nu heeray
de7iya timmirtte keethan tamaariya tamaareta gidin Tophphiya kumethan de7iya timmirtte
keethan tammariya tamaareta guttuma koosheta xeessa bolla keehippe ziqqa gideysi erettis.
Ha koosheta xeesa hanota bolla bettiya bertte meto geetteteysati :Goofatho doona timmirten
Gayla kumeetha issintho detha timmirtte keethan 8tho kifile tamaaretti guttuma koosheta xeesa
hanota bolla tammareti issi issi guttuma koosheta dummatetha shaakidi xeesa meto.
Goofatho doona timmirtten guttuma koosheta suure xeesa meto .Goofatho doona timmirtten
guttuma koosheta dummatethane issippetetha shaakidi ero meto.
Goofatho doona timmirtten guttuma koosheti immiya go77a shaakidi ero meto h.h.m.
Goofatho doonan guttuma koosheta xeesa bolla Gayla kumetha issintho detha timmirtte
keethan 8 tho kifilen medhdhetiya metotappe bertte metota geettetidi erettosona.
Ha xinattiyan pilgganchchay loythi pilggi xeelanay Gayla kumetha issintho detha timmirtte
keethan 8tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timmirtten guttuma koosheta xeessa metoy
de7eysa koyro xommooso be7ida gishshossa. Ha metuwa birshshanaw bolla halchcho kessidi
oosuwa polanada uddes guussi.
Hessa gisho, ha xinnatey 8tho kifile tamaaretan Gofatho doona timirtten guttuma koosheta
xeesa metoy birshshetanaw danda7ees goos. Hessika kushshetiya asay immiya suure gidida
markkandon zemppishina haray qassi ubbay kushshetishina metoy birshshetey.
1.3. Xinaatiyas Qoppoba
Ha pilggetha xaaxi waaxiya sintha qofay Goofatho doonan guttuma koosheta xeesa metuwas
baaso gididabata pilggi xeelanassa.

3. 3
1.3.1. Bertte Qoppoba
Goofatho doonan guttuma koosheta xeegethas dhube gidiyabata pilggi xeelanassa.
1.3.2. Sima Qoppobaata
1. Goofatho doonan issi issi guttuma koosheta xeessa metuwa shaakkanassa.
2. Guttuma koosheta giddoppe doona tamaareti suure xeegona mala dhube gidida koosheti
awsatekko shaakidi zaaro immanassa.
3. Guttuma kooshetasinne ustta kooshetas de7iya dummatetha bessanassa.
1.4. Pilggetha Oyshota
Pilgganchchay pilggethas sintha qoppoba polanaw gakkanaw maadiya baaso oyshati
haysappe garsan qonccida giddiya zaaro immanasa.
1. Goofatho doona guttuma koosheta xeesonnada meto gididay aybee?
2. Guttuma kooshetappe xeesanaw deexxeyssati awsatee?
3.Guttuma kooshetasinne ustta kooshetas dummatethi de7ii?
1.5. Xinnaatiya Go77aa
Pilgganchchay ha xinnatiyan 8tho kifile tamaaretan Goofatho doona timirtten guttuma
koosheta xeessa metoy de7eyssa demmidappenne ha guttuma koosheta xeessas dhubeta
birshshidappe guye kaallidi de7iya go77a immees.
Tamaaretas guttuma xeesa hiillati diccanadan maadees. Tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtten
guttuma koosheta xeessan lohanchchata gididi paacen lo77o muruuta ehana mala oothanassa.
Tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtten haasaya koosheta suure xeegona mala oothida metuwa
xaphoppe dhiiqidi zaaro immanassa.
Asttamaareti Goofatho doona timirtte ha kifille dethan medhdhetiya dhubeta birshshanaw
maadees.

4. 4
Tamaareti gidin asttamaareti ha pilggethappe guye Goofatho doona timirtten guttuma
koosheta waati suure xeeganekko akeekkana mala oge bessanassa.
Goofatho doona timirtten guttuma koosheta xeessa metuwa dethan dethan guuxxissanaw
maaddees. Gujjidikka, dumma dumma doonatan ha kaaraara gahettidi oosettiya pilggethaa
oosotas pultto gididi maaddees.
1.6. XinaateyPooletiya Heeraa (Zawaa)
Ha xinaatey poletey Gaamo Goofa zoonen Zaala woradan Gayla qabalen kumetha issintho
detha timirtte keethan 8tho kifilen A-B gaso de7iya kifiletan Goofatho doona timirtten guttuma
koosheta xeessa meto bolla oosetees.
1.7. Xinaatiya Dhubeta
Pigganchchay pilggetha oothidi wursana gakkanaw xinaatiyaas meto gidana geettetidabati
haaysappe kaalidi de7eysan qonccis.
Goofatho doona timmirtten guttuma koosheta suure xeegana mala dumma dumma xeessas
maadiya miishshati baynnaysa.Markkanddo pulttota kumethan shiishanas asa ixxotethi
gakanddesha giya qofa, wode qanthatethay kumetha markkanddo shiishshanas meto gidandee
geettetidi qofettees, Pilggethas gidiya miishe paccetethi gakkandde giya qofi de7eysa.

5. 5
SHEMPPO NAM77A
2. HARA DABBOTHIYA MARKKA MAXAAFETA
Guttuma koosheta xeessa hanotay tamaareti xeegiya wode qaalata birshshetha demmanasinne
xeessa ogera meezettanaas maaddees. Ha hiillan tamaareti baaso gidida oosota ha ogiya
go7ettidi miishetan zemppidi polo dandda7oosona. Dumma dumma pilgganchchati qonccisida
markka xuufeti hayssappe kaallidi qonccis.
Haylle, l. (2000) gishe Goofatho doona guttuma kooshe nam77u dethan shaakkidi xeellanaw
dandda7ettees. Hessatikka: teqetha guttuma kooshetanne diishetha guttuma koosheta
geetettidi erettees.
Roach, (2000) gishe teqetha geetetteyssi ayyerey kumethara entti medhdhettiyassan teqetti
simidi yedettishin diishetha geetettiday goofinappe keyiya koosheta gidishin diishetha
geetettiday goofinappe keyiya ayyerey ogey zawattida mala gorddettiya gishonne hayssappe
denddidayssan xuummiya gisho shigechchetidinne luuxidi keyiya gishossa yaagis.
Roach, (2000) gujjidi qonccisishe diishetha koosheta kanddota xeelliyaade diishetha
geetettanna mala oothiday goofinappe keyiya ayyeriyaas wulay xuummiya gishonne hessappe
denddidayssan shigechchettidi keyiya gishossa gis.
Sethinne jindal, (2000) paatishe sima koosheta gidoppe poxidi (f,v,snne z) koosheta
qonccisishe kooshe (f) hanota xeelliyaade bolla kifileti garssa bagga metershsharanne qommo
bagga achchara woli gahetethan medhdhettees. Gujjidikka ha kooshey qommo bagga
metershsharanne goofina giddon ayyerey wolqqara yelidi porshshu gidi keyishin
mehddhettana yaagis.
Dhamija, (2000) /f/ nne /v/ koosheta misatethanne dummatetha paatishe misatiya ogeti
nam77ataskka gidishin dummatethay qass /v/ kooshey giiriyaba gidishin /f/ kooshey qassi
girennaba geetettidi erettees yaagis.
Sethinne jindal (2006) gujjidi koosheta gidoppe /s/nne /z/ qonccisishe ha nam77u kooshetas
medhetetha hanotay /s/ giirennaba gidishin /z/ qassi giiriyaaba. Medhetetha bessay
nam77ataskka deddenabaa yaagis.

6. 6
2.1. Guttuma Medheta Hanotanne Medheta Bessa
Ha guttuma medheta hanotanne medheta bessan shaakkidi kaalli de7iya ogiyan uttoosona.
Medhettiya hanota Medhettiya bessa
Metershshaba Garssa
metershsha
Deddinab
a
Gaaginaba Kottonaaba Poripo
nddeba
Teqetha Giiriyaaba B D
Giirennaba P T
Dhuqqiyaaba Ph X
Diishetha Giiriyaaba V Z Zh
Giirennaba F S Sh H
Dhuqqiyaaba X
Dishqetha Giiriyaaba Th J
Girennaba Ch
Dhuuqiyaaba C
Honthontho Giiriyaaba M N Ny Nh
Miyyeba Giiriyaab L,r
Bagga ustta Giiriyaaba W Y
2.2. Guttumati Pantta Medheta Hanotaan
2.2.1.Teqetha (gordda)
Teqetha geetetteyssati ayyere kumethara entta medhettiyasan teqetti simmidi yedettishin
issitoha guppidi keyishin medhettiya koosheta. Teqetha (gordda) koosheti pantta medheta
hanotan heedzu maaran shaakettidi de7oosona Hessatikka,
2.2.1.1 Mettershshatabaa / b// p/ /ph/
2.2.1.2. Deddenabaanne Achchabaa /d/ /t / /x/
2.2.1.3 Kottonobaa /k/ /g/

7. 7
2.2.2 . Diishetha
Diishetha geetettiday goofinappe keyiya ayyeriyas ogey zawatida mala gorddettiya gishonne
hessappekka denddidayssan xuummiya gisho shigerechchettidinne luuxxidi (hallixxidi)
keyiya gishossa.Diishetha koosheta geetatteyssati /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /x/ /sh/ /zh/ nne /h/ geetettigi
erettishin enttana oyddan shaakkida gaasoy entta medheta bessaa gidiyaa gishossa. Enttikka;
2.2.2.1. Honthonthonne Mettershsha Diishetha Koosheta /f/ /v/
2.2.2.2. Deddena Diishetha koosheta /z/ /s/ /x/
2.2.2.3. Gaco Koosheta /sh/ /zh/
2.2.2.4.Pooripondde Diishetha koosheta /h/
Ha kooshetappe z,v, nne zh –ppe attin hankkoyssati giironnayssata
2.2.3.Dishqetha (diisheta-teqetha )
Disqqetha koosheti teqethaninne diishetethan entta medheta hanotay issippe beetteyssa
gidees. Enttikka , j, ch ,c,nne th ha koyro heedzu kooshetas ayyerey teqettey gaco bolla
gidishin teqqey inxxarssas giddon ginana. W urssetha /th/ xeesiya wode ayyerey teqettey
deddenan gididi inxxarssas xeera heerana . Ha oosuwaan inxxarssas giddo ginay gaco woy
xeera heeray deddenokko pude dhoqqu gidi ayyeriya ubbara teqqees. Hessappe guyen
ayyerey leppara issi toho dishettidi keyees. Hessappe denddidayssan ha koosheta medheta
hanotay koyro teqetha koosheta mala gididi medhetetha bolla qassi diishetha koosheta mala
gidees. Ha dishqqetha koosheta giddoppe /l/ xallay giireyssa gidishin hankkoti
giironnayssata./k/ qaali giironnashin dhuuqqawusu.
2.2.4 .Honthontho
Honthontho geetetteyssati /m/ /n/ /ny/ /nh/ honthontho geetettida gaasoy goofinappe keyiya
ayyerey honthontho baggara kanthidi siidhera keyiya gishissa .Entta medheta hanotaynne
dummatethay oyddan shaakettees. Hessatikka,
 mettershshatabanne honthontho /m/
 deddenabanne honthontho /n/

8. 8
 gaaginabaanne kokambbabba/ny/
 kottonobaanne honthontho /nh/ hessati ubbara giireyssata
2.2.5. Miyyebaa
Miyye koosheti goofinappe keyiya ayyery nu inxxarss miyyetara woy lanqqetara kanthidi
gacotara diishettidi keyishe medhatteyssata. he gaasuwaan miyyetaba geettettooosona
.Enttikka /l//r/ gidishin nam77atikka deddena gaathara bochchidi simmiyaabaa. kooshe /l/
xeesiya wode inxxarssa xeeray deddena loythi bochchidinne he bochchidasonikka guuthara
gam77idi keyiya gishossa. Ha dummatethaappe denddidayssan inxxarssa miyyetara keyiya
ayyeriya keenay dummatees.
2.2.6.Bagga Ustta
Bagga ustta geetettiya koosheti guttumaawatethaninne usttawatetha hanota nam77atikka
koxxoosona .ha koosheti ayikkoka ayyerey dom77etethi baynna inxxarssa gina
dummayononne mettershsha qaasota laamon xalaala medhettoosona . enttikka kooshe /w //y/
gidishin /y/ medheta hanotan /w/ /u/ hessadanikka /y/ / l/ wolira misatoosona .bagga usttati
guttumatho ustta gidoppe attin, pantta xalla xeesettanaw dandda7onnayssi entta moodethan
guttumakko ehis. ss

9. 9
SHEMPPO HEEDZA
3. XANNA7O OGENNE HIILLA
3.1. Pilggetha Medhuwa
Pilgganchchay ha xinaatiya polanaw dumma dumma xanna7o hiillatappe paydon
(quantitative) hiillanne qaalan (qualitative) hiilla go7ettidi shiiqiya markkandduwa paattanaw
qoppidaba gidishin walaka (mixed) medho go7ettis.
Mixed (walaka) pilggetha medhoy issi kaara bolla oosettiya nam77u dumma dumma qoncciso
ogetan shiiqiya pilggetha oosos keehidi maaddees (Creswelnne pilaano, 2011).
3.2. Xinaatiyan Kushettiya Asata Darotetha
Ha pilgganchcha xinaatiyan kushettidayssati Goofatho doona tamarssiya asttamaaretanne ha
kifile dethan tamaariya tamaareta. Ha pilggetha xinaatiyan baaso udidi xeelley Gayla
kumetha 1tho kifile detha timirtte keethan 8tho kifile tamaareta Goofatho doona timirtten
guttuma koosheta xeessa metora de7iya tamaarettanne asttamaareta. Ha pilggethan qoncciya
kumetha tamaareti 70 addenne 50 macca kumethan 120 tamaareta bolla gidees. Ha
tamaaretikka 8tho kifile dethan a-b gaso de7iya nam77u kifiletaninne Goofatho doona
tamarssiya 2 asttamaareti markkanddo imon koyro kushe ekettidosona.
3.3. Bessinddo Eko Ogeta
Pilgganchcha xinaatiyan bessinddo gidanaw bessees gidi qoppiday 12 addenne 8 macca
kumethan 20 tamaaretanne 2 Goofatho doona tamarssiya asttamaareta gizonna eko bessinddo
ogen oosos injjetiya bessinddo go7ettis.
ha bessinddo dooro hiilay pilgganchchay pa xinaatiya mela pa qofaninne wozana pirddan paas
koyidayssata ekkanaw injje gidi qoppida gishos ha bessinddo dooro hiilla go7ettis.
3.4. Markkanddo Shiisho Miisheta
Pilgganchchay ha xinaatiyan tillayanawnne suure gidida ogen polettanaadan oosuwa xeelon,
qaala oyshoninne xuufe oyshota oyshon markkanddo shiishis.

10. 10
3.4.1. Kifile Giddo Xeelo
Hayssi ogey guttuma koosheta xeessa hanota xeelon go7ettidi koosheta suure xeessana mala
immidi yuuyi xeellees guussi. Hayssa pilgganchchay issi ageena kumetha giddon polis.
3.4.2. Qaala Oyshota
Ha ogiyan pilgganchchay guttuma koosheta xeessas meto gidees giya hanota bolla gizettida
(structured) oyshotan oyshota oychchidi markkanddo shiishees. Hesikka guttuma koosheta
xeessa bolla metoy de7ees geetettidi qopetteyssa demmanaas injjettanaada doorettis. Ha
oyshoos eketteyssati 12 adde tamaareta, 8 macca tamaaretanne 2 Goofatho doona tamarssiya
asttamaareta go7ettis.
3.4.3. Xuufe Oysho
Xuufe oyshoy giigey Goofatho doonan gididi walaka (mixed) guussaykka oyshoy dooyaninne
gorddan shiiqees. Giigida oyshota pooto eeshoy darssidappe guye bessinddos ekettida 12
addenne 8 macca tamaaretasinne 2 goofatho doona tamarssiya asttamaaretas gishettees.
Hessappe guye wodey enttas imettiko he oyshota oothidi gizzettida woden zaaridosona.
3.5.Markkanddo Paatethinne Birshshethi
Pilgganchcha xinaatiyan koshshiya markkanddota shiishanaw qaalan markkanddo shiisho
ogenne paydon markkanddo shiisho ogeta nam77ata go7ettidi koshshiya markkanddota
oosuwa xeelon, qaala oyshoninne xuufe oyshon shiishanaw tamaaretara, lo77o gidida
laggetethaninne matatethi medhon gidis. Hessikka ashkketethaninne siiqotetha bessiya
gishossa.
Ha xinaatiya markkanddoti bessiya tamaaretappenne asttamaaretappe beettida zaaroti
paatethaninne birshshethan shiiqees. Zaaranchchata zaaruwa zaran paattidi qonccisonne
kaallidi be7o hessappe guye zaran uttida zaarota qaalan oyshota zaaruwan oosuwa xeelon
paatti qonccisidi birshshethi imettis.

11. 11
SHEMPPO OYDDA
MARKKANDDO PAATETHI, BIRSHSHETHINNE DEMOTA
Pilgganchcha xinaatiyan koshshiya markkanddota shiishanaw qaalaninne paydon markkanddo
shiisho ogeta nam77ata go7ettidi koshshiya markkanddota oosuwa xeetan, qaala oyshoninne
xuufe oyshon shiishanaw tamaaretara lo77o gidida lagetethaninne matatethai medhdhidi
oosuwa polis.
Hessakka ashkketethinne siiqotethi bessiya gishossa. Ha xinaatiyan markkanddoti bessiya
tamaaretappenne asttamaaretappe beettida zaarota zaran wosoninne zaaridi qaalan paatethan
zaaroy shiiqis. Zaaranchchata zaaroti paatethaninne birshshethan shiiqideyssappe guye
oosuwa xeelon paattidi qoncce birshshethi imettis.
4.1. Tamaaretas giigida oyshota zaaro
Zara 1. Tamaaretas giigida oyshata zaaro
Paydo Oysho
Dooro
Zaaranchchata
Darotetha Xeetappe
1 Guttuma koosheta suure xeegonna mala
meto gididabay de7ii?
Ee 14 70
Akkay 3 15
Ubba erikke 3 15
Kumetha 20 100
Ha qommon qonccida zara isson zaaruwa immidayssatappe 14(70%) guttuma koosheta suure
xeegonna mala meto gididabay “Ee” de7ees gidi qonccisidosona. Attidayssati 3(15%)
guttuma koosheta xeegonna mala meto gidiyabay baawa yaagidi zaaridosona. Wurssethan
3(15%) guttuma koosheta suure xeegonna mala gididabata ubbara erikke yaagidi
qonccisidosona. Ha qommon qonccida markkandduwaan zemppidi pilgganchchay unddenna
tamaareti guttuma koosheta suure xeessa metoy de7eyssa pilggethan demmis.

12. 12
Zara 2 Inggilizetho pidaleta kooshenne Goofatho pidale kooshe xessa
Ha qommo bagga zara 2n zaaro immidayssatappe 14(70%) Goofatho doona pidaletinne
Inggilizethoti enttas xaphoy laatine pidale gidida gisho nam77atikka issi qommo aazidi
dummatetha shaakkidi kooshe dethan xeeganaw “Ee” waythees gidi qonccisidosona.
Attidayssati 3(15%) Goofatho pidaletinne Inggilzethoti enttas xaphoy laatine pidale gidida
gisho nam77atikka issi qommo aazidi dummatetha shaakkidi kooshe dethan xeeganaw
dummatetha shaakkidi xeeganaw waaythenna gidi qonccisidosona. Gujjidi 3(15%) gideyssati
ubbara erikke gidi qonccisidosona.
Pilgganchchay ha qommon qonccida markkandduwa zemppidi daro bagga tamaareti Goofatho
doona pidaletanne Inggilizethota suure shaakkidi xeegonayssa markkandduwaan demmis.
Zara 3. Gguttuma kooshe xeessa hanota
paydo Oysho
Dooro
Zaaranchchata
Darotetha Xeetappe
3
Goofatho doona guttuma koosheta
issuwa issuwa waati xeesiyaakko
shaakki xeegonna mala meto
gidiyabay de7ii?
Ee 15 75
Akkay 4 20
Ubba erikke 1 5
Kumetha 20 100
Paydo Oysho
Dooro
Zaaranchchata
Darotetha Xeetappe
2
Goofatho doona pidaletinne Inggilizethotas
xaphoy (yuussay) laatine pidale gidida
gisho nam77atikka issi qommo aazidi
dummatethi shaakkanaw waythii?
Ee 14 70
Akkay 3 15
Ubba erikke 3 15
Kumetha 20 100

13. 13
Ha qommon beettiya zara 3n zaaruwa immidayssatappe 15(75%) Goofatho doona guttuma
koosheta issuwa issuwa shaakkidi waati xeegiyaakko eronna mala meto gididabay “Ee”
de7ees gidi qonccisidosona. Attidayssati 4(20%) guttuma koosheta issuwa issuwa shaakkidi
xeegonna mala meto gididabay “Akkay” baawa gidi qonccisidosona. Wurssethan 1(5%)
guttuma koosheta issuwa issuwa shaakkidi ubbara erikke yaagidosona.
Pilgganchchay ha qofan katidi daro bagga tamaareti guttuma koosheta xeessa metora
de7eyssa shiishida markkandduwaan demmis.
Zara 4. Guttuma kooshe xeessa meto
paydo Oysho
Dooro
Zaaranchchata
Darotetha Xeetappe
Guttuma koosheta kumethan xeessonna mala
meto gididabay de7ii?
Ee 11 55
Akkay 9 45
Ubba erikke - -
Kumetha 20 100
Ha qommon qonccida zara 4n zaaruwa immidayssatappe 11(55%) guttuma koosheta suure
xeegonna mala meto gididabay de7ees “Ee” gidi qonccisisdosona. Hara attidayssati 9(45%)
guttuma koosheta kumethan xeegonna mala meto gididabay “Akkay” de7enna gidi
qonccisidosona.
Pilgganchchay ha qommon qonccida markkandduwaan zemppidi daro baggata tamaareti
kumethan guttuma koosheta suure xeessa metora de7eyssa qonccisis.

14. 14
Zara 5. Guttuma kooshetasinne usttatas dummatetha shaako
p.m Oysho
Dooro
Zaaranchchata
Darotetha Xeetappe
Guttuma kooshetasinne usttatas de7iya
dummatethanne issipetetha shaakkidi
eronna mala dhube gidiyaabi de7ii?
Ee 12 60
Akkay 6 30
Ubba erikke 2 10
Kumetha 20 100
Ha qommon qonccida zara 5n zaaro immidayssatappe 12(60%) guttuma kooshetasinne usttata
giddon de7iya dummatethanne issipetetha shaakkanaw dhube gididabay “Ee” de7ees gidi
qonccisidosona. Attidayssati 6(30%) guttumatasinne usttatas de7iya dummatethaynne
issipetetha shaakkanaw waythenna “Akkay” gidi zaaridosona. Gujjidi uugati 2(10%) guttuma
kooshetasinne usttatas de7iya issipetethanne dummatetha ubbara shaakkidi erokko
yaagidosona. Pilgganchchay ha qommon qonccida qofa bolla zemppidi daro bagga tamaareti
guttuma kooshetanne usttata issipetethanne dummatetha suure shaakkidi eronayssa shiishida
markkandduwaan qonccisis.

15. 15
4.2. Kifile giddo xeelos zaaro
Hayssi ogey guttuma koosheta xeessa hanota xeelon go7ettidi koosheta xeegishe yuuyi
xeellis.
Zara 6 kifile giddo xeelo
p.m Tamaareta suntha S Z F V P B Ny Nh Ph Zh Sh
1 T1 10 10 0 0 0 4 2 3 4 10 10
2 T2 9 10 0 0 0 3 3 5 5 10 10
3 T3 10 8 0 0 0 5 1 4 3 10 10
4 T4 10 8 0 0 0 4 0 3 2 10 10
5 T5 10 9 0 0 0 3 2 3 7 10 10
6 T6 10 10 0 0 0 5 1 3 5 10 10
7 T7 10 8 0 0 0 4 1 4 3 10 10
8 T8 10 10 0 0 0 4 1 5 9 10 10
9 T9 10 8 0 0 0 5 0 4 5 10 10
10 T10 10 9 0 0 0 6 3 3 9 10 10
11 T11 10 10 0 0 0 4 2 3 4 10 10
12 T12 9 10 0 0 0 5 3 5 5 10 10
13 T13 10 8 0 0 0 5 1 4 5 10 10
14 T14 10 8 0 0 0 4 0 3 8 10 10
15 T15 10 9 0 0 0 3 2 3 9 10 10
16 T16 10 10 0 0 0 5 1 4 5 10 10
17 T17 10 8 0 0 0 4 1 3 5 10 10
18 T18 10 10 0 0 0 4 2 4 4 10 10
19 T19 10 8 0 0 0 4 0 4 4 10 10
20 T20 10 9 0 0 0 3 1 3 3 10 10
Hayssappe bollan paatettida zaaran xeeliyade tamaareti guttuma koosheta suure xeessa
hanota,xessa dummatethanne issipetetha buzo gidin cugan koosheta giddoppe (f,v,p,)koosheta

16. 16
gayla kumetha 1tho detha timirtte keethan de7iya kumetha tamaareti suure shaakidi
xeegibokko
Hessa mala Inggilizathoppe malla ekkidi zeeliyadde mallas:/Ѳ/ kooshe Tophphiya dethan
de7iya tamaareti zeeganaw waayettees (Haile luel 2000).Gidikkoka ha metoy Gayla kumetha
1tho dethan de7iya hosphuntho kifile tamaareta bolla suure zeegona mala meto gididi beettis.
/S/nne /z/koosheta xeessa hanota xelliyadde Gayla kumetha 1tho dethan de7iya hospuntho
kifile tamaareta giddoppe daro tammareti suure zeegidosona.
Hara baggara qassi /b/ nne /v/ koosheta xeessa dummatetha Gayla kumetha 1tho dethan de7iya
kifile tamaareti xeegibokkona. Gidikkoka uuga tamaareti /b/ kooshe xeeganaw
buutettidosona.xeetappe 80% gidiya tamaareti /b/nne /v/ koosheta Iniggilizethoninne
Goofathon xeessa hanotan issipetethanne dummatethi de7eyssa shaakidi xeegibokkona./v/
koshey daro wode Goofathon denddo,giddoninne wursethan beetti erena.mallas: /b/ Bala,
Balla,Badalla,Barzza h .h.m.
Ha qommon qoccidayssa pilgganchchay xeeliyade daro tamaareti guttuma koosheta xeessa
metora de7iyssa markkanddoy malees.
kaallidi /ny/ nne /nh/ kooshe Gayla kumetha 1tho detha timirtte keethan de7iya hospuntho
kifile tamaareta giddoppe undena tamaareti suure xeegibokkona.mallas:/ ny / kooshey daro
wode Goofathon denddo, giddoninne wursethan xaafettena . hara baggara qassi /ny/ kooshe
xeeliyade Anha geetettidi xeegettees.
kumethan ha qofaa xaaxi waaxiyade Gayla kumetha 1thodetha timirtte keethan de7iya
hospuntho kifile tamaareta daro baggay xeessas waayethiya guttuma koosheti:/f/p/b/ny/nh/nne
/v/ koosheti xeesas meto gididi beets.
4.3 Tamaaretas giigettida qaala oyshatas zaaro
1. Hintte kushiyas zokko bagga hentte doonakko shiishidi kooshiya qanthan zeesite?
Ha oyshuwan /b/ /p/ nne/ph/ koosheta Gayla kumetha 1th detha timirtte keethan de7iya
hospuntho kifile tamaaretappe xeetappe 80% kushe gideyssati /f/ nne /p/ koosheta suure

17. 17
xeegibokkona.Hara baggara qassi /ph/ kooshe xeetappe 20%(kushe) gidiya tamaareti suure
xeegidosona.
kumethan xaaxi waaxiyade Gayla kumetha issintho detha timirtte keethan de7iya hospuntho
kifile tamaaretappe undena tamaareti issi issi guttuma koosheta xeessa metoy de7eyssa
pilgganchchay shiishida markkanddoti mallees.
2. Kaallidi de7iya koosheta mallas: /b/ nne /v/ /f/nne /p/ /dz/ nne /dh/ suure zeegitte?
Ha oyshuwan daro bagga tamaareti koosheta giddoppe /b//v/ nne /f//nne/p/ koosheta
dummatetha shaakidi suure xeegibokkona. hara attida uuga tamaareti /dz/ nne /dh/ koosheta
suure zeegidosona.
3. Kallidi immettida koosheta denddon, giddoninne wursethan gelissidi qaala medhittee?
/sh// ch //z/ nne /x/. Ha oyshas zaaro tamaareta giddoppe daro baggati denddon , giddoninne
wursethan gelissidi qaala medhanaw buttettidosona.Hara attidayssati suure qaala medhidi
zaafidosona.Baggati denddon ,giddoninne wursethan gelissidi qaala medhanaw
buttettidosona.Hara attidayssati suure qaala medhidi zaafidosona.
4. Guttuma koosheta kumethi xessitte?
Ha oyshuwan undena tamaareti gina gidiya koosheta xeegidosona. Hara attidayssati issuwa
issuwa dummatetha shaakidi xeegibokkona.
5. Guttuma koosheta geetettiyssati oonnanttee?
Ha oyshuwan daro tamaareti suure zaaranaw butettikkoka uugati suure zaaridosona.

18. 18
4.4. Asttamaaretas giigisida xuufe oyshuwaas zaaro
Zara 7 Guttuma kooshe xeessameto
Paydo Shiiqida oysha Dooro Zaaro Xeetuppe
1
Tamaareta bolla guttuma koosheta xeessa
metoy de7ees gidi qopeettii?
Ee 2 100
Akkay - -
Ubbara erikke - -
Gujjeta 2 100
Ha qommon qonccida zara 7n zaaruwa immidayssappe 2(100%) tamaareta bolla guttuma
koosheta xeessa metoy “Ee” de7ees gidi ubbati qonccisidosona. Ha qofa pilgganchchay
shiishida markkandduwa xeelliyaade tamaareta bolla guttuma koosheta xeessa metoy
de7eyssa markkanddoy mallees.
Zara 8 Guttuma kooshetappe waytheyssa
Paydo Shiiqida oysha Dooro Zaaro Xeetuppe
2 Guttuma koosheta gidoppe tamaareta
xeeganaw waytheyssata shaakkidi
ereettii?
Ee 2 100
Akkay - -
Ubbara erikke - -
Gujjeta 2 100
Ha qommon qonccida zara 8n zaaruwa immidayssappe daro baggati 2(100%) guttuma
koosheta gidoppe tamaareta xeeganaw waytheyssata shaakkidi ereettii? “Ee” de7ees gidi
ubbati qonccisidosona. Ha qofa pilgganchchay xaaxi waaxiyaade tamaareta bolla issi issi
guttuma koosheta xeessa metoy de7eyssa qonccisees.

19. 19
Zara 9 pidaleta misatethi
Paydo Shiiqida oyshuwa Dooro Zaaro Xeetuppe
Goofatho pidaletinne Inggilizetho pidaleti
issi qommo aazidi tamaareti suure
xeegonna mala waythees gidi
qofetii?
Ee 1 50
Akkay 1 50
Ubbara erikke - -
Gujjeta 2 100
Ha qommon qonccida zara 9n zaaruwa immidayssappe 1(50%) Goofatho pidaletinne
Inggilizetho pidaleti issi qommo aazidi tamaareti suure xeegonna mala waythees gidi qofetii?
“Ee” de7ees gidi qonccisidosona. attidayssati 1(50%) “Akkay” Goofatho pidaletinne
Inggilizetho pidaleti issi qommo aazidi tamaareti suure xeegonna mala waythenna
yaagidosona. Ha qofa pilgganchchay xaaxi waaxiyaa wode dariya tamaareta bolla
dummatetha shaakki ero metoy de7eyssa markkanddoy mallees.
Zara 10 Goofatho doona meezeto
Paydo Shiiqida oyshuwa Dooro Zaaro Xeetuppe
Hintte timirtte keethan tamaareti
saminttappe issi qamma gizzidi Goofatho
doona meezetoonaa?
Ee
Akkay 2 100
Ubbara erikke - -
Gujjeta 2 100
Ha qommon qonccida zara 10n zaaruwa immidayssappe kumethan dariya baggati 2(100%)
hintte timirtte keethan tamaareti saminttappe issi qamma gizzidi Goofatho doona haasayiya
gallasi de7enna gidi qonccisisdosona. Ha qofa pilgganchchay xaaxi waaxiyaa wode tamaareti
ubba wode Goofatho doona meezettonna mala metoy de7eyssa qonccisis.

20. 20
Zara 11 saleeda bolla xaafiso
Paydo Shiiqida oyshuwa Dooro Zaaro Xeetuppe
Hintte saaminbttappe issi qamma tamaareta
denthidi guttumatanne usttata go7ettidi saleda
bolla issi issi qaalata xaafidi meezetana mala
oothidi wode de7ii?
Ee 2 100
Akkay - -
Ubbara erikke - -
Gujjeta 2 100
Ha qommon qonccida zara 11n zaaruwa immidayssappe kumethan dariya baggati 2(100%)
tamaareti guttumatanne usttata go7ettidi pantta xaafo hiillanne koosheta xeessa hiilla
dichchonna mala oothida metoy “Ee” de7ees gidi qonccisidosona. kumethan asttamaaretas
giigida xuufe oyshuwaas zaaruwa nu xeellishin daro baggati guttuma kooshetanne usttata
gidin harata suure xeegonna mala oothiya metoy de7ees gidi qonccisis.
4.4 Astamaaretas giigisida qaala oyshatas zaaro
1. Hintte timirtte keethan tamaareta Goofatho doona guttuma koosheta zeesonnaada meto
gididay aybee?
Ha oyshuwan daro bagga zaaranchchati tamaareti ubba wode xeessas waayethiya koosheta
shaakidi meezetonayssi bertte meto gidi qonccisis.
2. Guttuma kooshetappe xeessanaw deexeyssata shaakidi wonttan wonttan tamaareta
tamaarisettee?
Ha oyshuwan daro baggati “Akkay’’ guttuma giddoppe xeessanaw waayetheyssata shaakidi
tamaarisi bokko gidi qoccisidosona.
3. Guttuma kooshetasinne ustta kooshatas dummatethi de7eyssa tamaareti shaakidi erii ?
Ha oyshuwan daro bagga zaaranchchati tamaareti namm77ata dummatetha shaakonayssi
bertte meto gididi bettis gidi qoncisis. Ha astamaaretas giigisida qaala oyshuwan kumethan
xaaxi waaxiyaade daro bagga tamaareti guttuma koosheta suure xeessa metoy de7eyssa
immida markkanddoy malees.

21. 21
4.6. Pilggetha Demuwa
Ha pilggetha xinaatiyan Gayla kumetha 1tho detha timirtte keethan de7iya 8tho kifile tamaareta
giddoppe daro baggati issi issi guttuma koosheta shaakidi xeegonayssi meto gidi beetis.
kaallidi tamaareti tamaareti guttuma kooshetanne usttata xeessa dumatetha nne entti immiya
go77a shaakidi eronayssa. Hara baggara qassi guttuma koosheta giddoppe xeessas
waayeseyssata shaakidi enttan made(kale) timirtte immonayssi meto gidi beettis.
Gujjidi tamaareti guttuma koosheta ubba wode gallasan gallasan meezettana mala
denthethonne made timirttey emettonayssi bertte meto gidi beettees. kaallidi guttuma
koosheta giddoppe xeessas waayetheyassata shaakidi made timirtte immonayssa. kumethan
qofaa kuuyishin, astamaareti dethetho timirtte tamaaretas immenoyssa.
Gayla kumetha 1tho detha 8tho kifile tamaareta giddoppe 14(70%) gidiya tamaareti guttuma
koosheta suure xeegonayssi meto beetis.
Gayla kumetha 1tho detha timirtte keethan 8tho kifile tamaareta xeessas waayethiya guttuma
koosheta giddoppe /b/ /v/ /f/ /p/ nne /ny/ /nh/ ha koosheti 14(70%) gidiya tamaareti
Inggilizethoninne Goofatho xeessa hanota shaakidi eronayssa shiishida markkanddoy malees.

22. 22
SHEMPPO ICHCHASHA
KUUSHSHANNE OGE BESOTA
5.1. Kuushsha
Ha xinaatey Gayla kumtha 1tho detha timirtte keethan 8tho kifile A-B gaso de7iya tamaareti issi
issi guttuma koosheta xeessas waayethassata hayssappe garssan qonccicis. Gidikkoka
pilgganchchay markkanddo shiishos go7ettida miishati kifile giddon xeelo,qaala oyshanne
xuufe oyshon suurenne qoncce gididi ogen tillatethaninne tumaatethan pilggethas denthida
metuwa demmanaw dandda7issiya markkanddota shiishis.
Gayla kumettha 1tho detha timirtte keethan 8tho kifile A-B Gaso de7iya tamaaretappe dariya
baggati 14(70%) gidiya tamaareti guttuma koosheta giddoppe: f/,/p/,/b/, /v/,/nh/,/ny/ koosheta
xeessanaw dandda7ibokkona. Nam77anthara,Gayla kumetha 1tho detha timirtte keethan
de7iya astamaareta giddoppe 2(100%) gidiya astamaareti guttuma koosheta giddoppe
tamaareti xeeganaw waayethayssatai de7osona gidi qonccisidayssa markkanddoy malees.
Gujjidi Gayla kumetha 1thodetha timirtte keethan de7iya 8thokifile A-B gaso de7iya
tamaaretappe daro baggati issi issi guttuma koosheti Inggilizethoninne Goofathon zeegettishe
medhettiya kooshe dumatetha shaakidi eronayssa bertte meto gididi beeteyssa pilgganchchay
qonccisis.
kumethan ha xinaatiya pilgganchchay xaaxi waaxishin tamaaretappe nne astamaaretappe
tumanne qoncce gidida markkandduwan zemppidi Gayla kumetha 1thodethan timirtte keethan
8tho kifile A-B gaso de7iya tamaareta bolla issi issi guttuma koosheta xeessa metoy de7eyssa
pilgganchchay demmis.
5.1 Haraas beso
Ha xinaatiyan pilgganchchay kumetha qofisotas asttamaaretas, tamaaretasinne timirtte keethas
guttuma koosheta xeessa metuwaas zaaro gidana geettettidi qofettidayssata hessappe kaallidi
oyddu dethan shaakki shaakki qonccisis. Hessatikka ;

23. 23
Qoncciso I Asttamaaretas
Tamaareta tamarssishe guttuma koosheta issi issi tamaarey ubba wode qaalan xeegidi
meezetana mala denthetho koshshees.Hara baggara qassi tamaareta tamarssishe guttuma
koosheta xeessa hiilla sinth-guye maaraa naagidi xeegana mala saaminttappe nam77u qamma
made timirtte imon gidin kaalli xeelon xeessas waayethiya guttuma koosheta shaakkidi ubba
gallasi meezetana mala udo koshshees. Gujjidikka, guttuma kooshsheta xeessa hanotaa zaari
zaari meezetana mala udoninne oothi beso hiillan kanchche metoy guuxxanaas
dandda7ees.Hara baggara qassi issi issi tamaarey buzon xeessa hanotaa qaala xeessa, meega
qofata suure xaafoninne daassa xaafoon ubba gallasi tamaareti meezetana mala oothanaw
koshshees.
Qonccisethi II Tamaaretas
Tamaareti asttamaareti suure immida kiitaa akeekan qoppidi ubba wode guttuma koosheta
xeessa hiillaa dichchanaw gallasan gallasan meezetanaw koshshees.Issi isssi kooshey waanidi
xeegettiyaako kifile giddo cuga tobbaninne buzon pidaleta issuwaa issuwaa xeegidi
meezetanaw koshshees.Hessappe guyen qaalata saleda bolla suure xaafoninnne xeessan
gujjidi qaalatappe bidi meega qofatanne daassatagaso de7eyssata xaafononne xeessan
meezetanaw bessees. Hessappe kaallidi daro wode kooshsheta xeessa hanotaa zaarerethon
misatiya cugatara meeze laame ekoninne kaallidi guttuma koosheta giddoppe xeessas
waayethiya bertte gidida koosheta shaakkidi meezetanw bessees.
Qonccisetha III Tamaaretasinne Asttamaaretas
Tamaareti gidin asttamaareti guttuma koosheta xeessa hiilla kahan misile medhdhidi akeekan
pantta kahaa dichchanaw bessees. Asttamaareti koyrottidi tamaaretas guttuma koosheta
xeessas dhube gididabata shaakkidi qonccisethaninne oothi beson polaw bessees.Tmaareti
qassi guttuma koosheta xeessa hanotaa meezetethaninne asttamaareti immiya kiitaa ushachcha
kushen oykkidi guja eratethi demmmanaas baaxetanaaw bessees.
Qonccisetha IV Timirtte keethaas
Tamaaretaranne asttamaaretara ciimmo gidida tobba tobbanaadan kaalli xeeloninne
tobbidaappe guye ehida laameta xeelidi ay oothidee woy ay dethaa gakidee geyssa shaakkidi

24. 24
guttuma koosheta xeessa metora de7iya tamaaretas loohiso timirtte immanaas koshshees.
Hessappe guyen tamaareti guttuma koosheta xeessa hanotaa zaari zaari meezetana mala mino
kiita imoninne ay oothidee woy ay laame ehidee geyssa kaalli xeelon hashetanaw bessees. Ha
dethaa gakkishe tamaareta kahan misiley medhettana mala timirtte keethay tamaareta buzo
ooson gidin cugan qaalata meega qofatanne daassa xaafo hiilla dichchanaas koshshees.

25. 25
MARKKA MAXAAFETA
 Brrsnne Thomas, (1996). Nabbabo maxaafa. Londdonen: koyro doona timrtte
 Colenne O. (1996). Haasaya koosheta. Kleijen etaal.
 Creswellenne pilaano. (2011). Pilggetha Hiilla. Rajasttaane Yunberssite; Jaipur(India)
 Dhamija, (2000). Ponotiksenne ponoolooje. New delhi: prentice hall of india. Ltd
 Haile, L. (2000). Gelo doona hiilla. Addis ababa: educational media agency
 Ladefoyd, (2000),nne stevens, (2002). Ponotikse. 4tho attamo; fort worth: har court
 Peter, R. (2000). Inggilzetho poonetikisenne ponolooje: eratethi geedarssiya korsse 3tho
attamo
 Sethinne Jindal, (2006). Kushe maxaafe inggilzetho qaala. New delhi: prentice hall of
indiya pvt.ltd

26. 26
GUJA QONCCISO 1
ARBBA MINCCE YUNBBERSSITE DERETETHA SAYNSSENNE ASA ALLALLIYA
KOLLOOJEN TOPHPHIYA DOONATANNE BILA-XUUFE MACARAN GOOFATHO
DOONA TIMIRTTE KIFILE
Bonchchettida Tamaaretoo:
Ha pilggethaa oyshoti koyro wodes Arbba Mincce yunbberssiten Goofatho
doonan anjjettiya tamaare gidida Care Xabalappe gidishin bertte qoppobay
tamaaretas de7iya guttuma koosheta xeessa bolla de7iya metota
birshshanawnne ekettanaw (hananaw) bessiya ogeta mallanaw gidiya gisho intte
gaathan de7iya qofata wosoninne kale qofata imon intteppe naagettiya gadetetha
hadara polanaada bonchchora oychchays. Gujjidikka, ha pilggetha oosoy
Goofatho doonan koyro wode oosetteyssi doona dichchas issi tango gidiya gisho
akeekan gelisidi immiya zaaruwa tumatetha bolla zemppidi immanaada gujjada
shoobays. Hintte immiya zaaroy ha pilggetha oosos xalaala gideyssa akekisanaw
koyays.
Hintte gaathappe denddetethan immiya zaarotasinne kale qofata ubbas
wozanappe galatays.
Qofiso:Ha oyshatas zaaro immishe
1. Suntha xaafoy koshshenna
2. Intte doorida zaaro sinthan beettiya saaxine gaathan (x) malaata woson
intte zaaruwa tillayite.

27. 27
3. Demmiya pace oyshotas intte gaathan si7ettiya qofata wallotethan
qonccisite
1. Mattumatetha: Adde Macca
2. Yeleta laytha: 13-18 19-25 25ppe bolla
3. kifile detha: 5-7 8 9ppe bolla
TamaaretasGiigida oyshota
1. Guttuma koosheta suure xeegonna meto gididabay de7ii? Ee Akkay
Ubbara erikke
2. Goofatho doona pidaletinne Inggilizatho enttas xaphoy laatine pidale
gidida gisho nam77atikka issi qommo aazidi dummatetha shaakkanaw
waythii? Ee Akkay Ubbara erikke
3. Goofatho doona guttuma koosheta issuwa issuwa waati xeesiyaakko
shaakkidi xeessonna mela meto gididabay de7ii? Ee Akkay
Ubbara erikke
4. Guttuma koosheta kumethan xeegonna mela meto gididabay de7ii?
Ee Akkay Ubbara erikke
5. Guttuma kooshetasinne usttatas de7iya dummatethanne issipetetha
shaakkidi eronna mela dhube gididabay de7ii? Ee Akkay
Ubbara erikke
6. Ha qommon de7iya zaarota gidoppe Ee , Akkay woy ubbara erikke gada
doorikko doorissida gaasuwa paatta xaafa --------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
Hintte Immida Zaaruwaas Keehada Galatays

28. 28
GUJA QONCCISO 2 Asttamaaretas Giigettida Oyshota
1. Tamaare bolla guttuma koosheta xeessa metoy de7ees gidi qofettii?
Ee Akkay Ubbara erikke
2. Guttuma koosheta gidoppe tamaareta xeeganaw waytheyssata
shaakkidi ereettii? Ee Akkay Ubbara erikke
3. Goofatho pidaletinne Inggilizetho pidaleti issi qommo aazidi tamaareti
suure xeegonna mala waythees gidi qofetii? Ee Akkay
Ubbara erikke
4. Hintte timirtte keethan tamaareti saminttappe issi qamma gizzidi
Goofatho doona meezetoonaa? Ee Akkay Ubbara
erikke
5. Hintte saaminttappe issi qamma tamaareta denthidi guttumata usttata
go7ettidi saleda bolla issi issi qaalata xaafidi meezetana mala
ootheetii?
Ee Akkay Ubbara erikke
6. Qommon qonccida zaarotappe issuwa doorikko gaasuwa xaafa----------
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Hintte Immida Zaaruwaas Keehada
Galatays!

29. 29
GUJA QONCCISO3 KIFILE GIDDO XEELO WARAQATE
Ha xinaatiyan pilgganchchay unddenna guttuma koosheta tamaareti kifile
giddon tamaaro tamarsso wode guttuma koosheta issuwa issuwa xeesiya wode
kaallanaw giigida tillayiya waraqate.
p.m Tamaareta suntha S Z F V P B Ny Nh Ph Zh Sh
1 T1
2 T2
3 T3
4 T4
5 T5
6 T6
7 T7
8 T8
9 T9
10 T10
11 T11
12 T12
13 T13
14 T14
15 T15
16 T16
17 T17
18 T18
19 T19
20 T20

30. 30