BA Senior Essay

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SHEMPPO ISSO
Gelo
1.1. Xinaatiyas Dendduwa (Back Ground of The Study)
Nu de7iya laythan asa nayti alame bolla oosettidabaa gidin oosettishe de7iya miisheta eranaw
dandda7iya hiillatappe issoy nabbabona gidees. Nabbaboy nu kaha walloyo kanchche
gidonnashin nu eratethaakka gujjidi dichchanaasinne dalggisiya miishe. Medhetetha saynssen,
issipetetha saynssen, medh-hiilaninne taariken gidin hara baggara de7iya eratethay diccanaw
dandda7ey nabbabora gidees. Hayssappe qommon qonccida qofata gaathappe demmida eratethaa
shaakettanaas nabbabo daro koshshees.
Derejje, A. (2001:60) gidaadan “Nabbaboy xaafettidi shiiqida xuufeta nabbabidi he nabbabettida
xuufiyaappe ay demmidaakko qofa imonne eridabata ooso bolla peesho shiishi oykkees” gis.
Hara qassi Shawaye, (1986:91) wothashe nabbabo hiillay daro bessa immanaas bessiya miishe.
Tamaaretas dumma dumma hara timirttetara gujjidi eran minnana mala tamaareti nabbabishe
nabbabo wogata eroy suure birshshethaasinne birshshethay wobbonna mela nabbabo hiilla
dalggisoy keehi koshshees gis.
1.2. Metuwa Paatethaa (StatementOf The Problem)
Nabbaboy tamaaretas keehi koshshiyaabanne entti nabbabo hiillan dicciyaaba gidikko panttas
gididi hara dere asaas woykko laggetas nabbabidi demmida eratethaa go7ettidi qofaa suure
qonccisanaw woykko aathanaw maaddees. Hessi qonccisey tamaareti nabbabo tillayikko kiita
aasos kawushsha oge gidees. Hessa gishos nabbabo hiilla dichchanaas koyro kooshe (pidale)
eridaappe guyen qaalati medhdhettishin he medhdhettida qaalata bessiya xeessi xeegethan
nabbabo bessees. Ha xaafettida qaala shiiqonne (birshshethi de7iya) qaalata suure xeegethi
gidishin daro wode tamaareson pilgganchchay xeellida mela xeessa woykko nabbabo metoy
de7ees. Daro wode doona timirtte bolla xaafettidi shiiqida qantha nibaabeta nabbabishe qaalata
suure xeessa bolla metoti benttoosona. Hessatappe bertte gideyssi miniyaanne leppiya woykko
qaammiyaanne aduqqiya qaalata nabbabo bolla daro pacetethi de7ees. Hessa gishos ha xinaatiya
pilgganchchay Kustti paydo isso (1) issanthonne kumetha detha timirtte keethan 8tho kifile

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tamaaretas de7iya nabbabo meto bolli pilggetha ooso ootheyssa gidees. Hesikka sinthappe
wogara maaran poletteyssa gidees.
1.3. Xinaatiya Qoppoba (Objective Of The Study)
1.3.1. Bertte Qoppoba
Goofathon minniyaanne leppiya qaalata shaakki nabbabonna metuwa billana oge bessanawnne
xeegettanaw bessiya nibaabe xeessa xeegana mela oothanaassa. Hesikka sinthappe oosettanay
Sawla kataman Kustti paydo issonne kumetha koyro detha timirtte keethana.
1.3.2. Sima Qoppoba
1. Tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtten minniyanne leppiya qaalata nabbabo meezettonna
mala oothida metota shaakkanassa.
2. Tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtte nabbabo meezettishe minniyaanne leppiya qaalatas
kandduwa shaakki erana ogeta shaakki bessanassa.
3. Ubba asttamaareti nabbabiso oosos kushetethan poliyaakko shaakkanassa.
1.4. Pilggetha Oyshota (ResearchQuestions)
Ha oosoy shiishi oykkey tamaaretas de7iya metuwa markkandduwan zemppidi metuwa
birshshanaw oge malliya miishe gidees. Hessa gishos xinaatiyas baaso gidiya pilggetha oyshoti
koshshiyaabaa gidiya gisho kaalliyayssa mala gidees.
1. Tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtten minniyaanne leppiya qaalata nabbabo meezettonna
mala oothida metoy aybee?
2. Tamaareti Goofatho doonan nabbabo meezettishe minniyaanne leppiya qaalatas
kandduwa shaakki eroonaa?
3. Ubba asttamaareti nabbabiso oosos kushetethay (hashetethay) de7ii?
1.5. Xinaatiya Go7aa (Significance OfThe Study)
Ha pilggethaa oosoy sinthappe demisanaw dandda7iyabati baaso udiday timirtte keethan woykko
qofettida timirtte keetha asanne timirtte keethaas de7iya go77ati kaalliyayssata gidoosona.
1. Tamaareti nabbabiya wode suure xeessa, birshshethanne h.h.m go7ees.

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2. Asttamaareti pana paaccanaas, pantta pacetetha woykko attiyaabata erana mala
maaddees.
3. Timirtte keetha tamaareti nabbabon cirkka gidikko geedarettishe, qofa qonccisishe
benttiya wode timirtte kethaa sunthay xeegettana mala go7ees guussi.
4. Hara pilgganchchata qassi kase ogiyaappe hara ooratha oge demmana mela, ooratha
demo gaason hara geemmida metoti piqettana melanne h.h.m go7ees.
1.6. Xinaatiya Metota (Limitation Of The Study)
Ha xinaatiya suure ogera koshshiyaabati ubbay kumi shiiqiyaaba gidikko ooso poluwaas daro
lo77o kate gidees. Gidoppe attin, ha xinaatiyas meto gididabati issi issibati de7oosona.
Hessatappe pilgganchchay meto gidi qoppiyabay: koyro pilggethaas eratetha pace, xaafiya
miisheta, wode qanthatetha, markkanddo shiishos bessa haahotethinne haniyaaba gidiyaakko
cugan oosettiyaaba gidonayssinne h.h.m hara metotikka de7oosona.
1.7. Xinaatey Polettiya Heera (Scope Of The Study)
Ha xinaatiyas baasoy Goofatho doona timirtte gaathan oyddu doona hiillata giddoppe nabbabo
bolla gididi gaathan de7iya meto bolla gidishin ha oosoy oosettey Gaammo Goofa zoonen Goofa
heeran Sawla kataman Kustti paydo issonne issantho kumetha detha timirtte keethan hosppuntho
(8tho) kifile tamaareta bolla gidshin koshshiya markkanddo shiishey timirtte keetha giddon oosoy
polettees guussi.

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Shemppo Nam77a
2. Harata Pilggetha MarkkaXuufeta (Review RelatedLiterature)
2.1. Nabbaboy Aybee?
Halliso, Z. (2003:5) Goofatho doona timirtte xuufe nabbabo hiilla asttamaareta loohisanaw
giigisida maxaafe bolla gishe “Nabbaboy xaafon woykko misilen woykko hara ogera
shiishidabaa xeellidi ha yo7o suure tillayidi eriyayssa, qofa immeyssa he qofaa qassi kadhi
aggiyaaga, eya suure kiitan woykko birshshethan zemppidi pa huuphe qofaa laammidi eya qofaa
ma7eyssa woykko pa huuphe qofaara gathidi ooso bolla bessiyaaba” gis.
2.2. Nabbabo Tamarsso Hiilla (Methods In Teaching Skill)
Issi doona timirtte kanchches gidonashin ubba timirtte tamarssiya asttamaaretas tamarsso hiillay
daro koshshiyaaba. Ha hiillaykka tamaaretas aathanaas saynsse ogen ooso giigidabaa gidees.
Hessa gisho he saynsse ogiyan zemppidi tamarssonna oosoy lo77o muruuta demos wayssees
guussi.
Doona timirtte tamarssos tamaaro tamarsso hiillay keehi koshshees. Gaasoykka ubba hiillatas
dumma dumma giigetethi de7iya gishossa. Nabbabo hiilla tamarsso oosoy dethappe dethan
dummatees. Hessikka giigishe bessiya dethaninne wode hanotaa bolli gidees.
Johon, U. (1975) tamaaretas de7iya doona geeshatethay woykko tillatethay enttas imeyssa
wothishe “Doona tillatethaa gaason panttas kiita demmanaas gaathara kitettoosona” gis.
2.3. Nabbabo Hiilla Buussa (Reading Process)
Johone, U.(1975) tamaareta kifile giddon nabbao timirtte tamarssishe go7ettiya kaallodata
heedzan shaakki wothishin nabbaboppe koyro nabbabo wodenne nabbaboppe guye wode gidi
entta aybatethaara maaran shaakki wothis.
2.3.1. Nabbaboppe Koyro Wode (Pre-Reading Stage)
Halliso, Z. (2003:5) gishe “Nabbaboppe koyro daro wode asttamaarey immiya oosoti tamaretan
oosettiya woykko asttamaarey nabbabiyabaanne nibaabiya heeran denddo qofa immiya wode:

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nabbaboy aybis nabbabettiyakko, nabbabos giddobata qoncciso qoncce gidida gelo qofaa imonne
kawshsha oyshota shiishidi tamaareti akeekanaadaninne denthetho oosoti oosettiyabaa gidees”
gees.
2.3.2. Nibaabe Wode (While Reading)
Nabbaboy nabbabettiya wode tamaareti qommon nabbaboppe koyro imettida oyshota akeekana
melanne koyrottidi zaarota demmana mala udees. Hessa gisho nabbabo wode tamaareti: leppan
leppan nabbabana mala udo, cugan woykko huuphphen (buzo) oothana oosota shaakki imo,
tamaareta guye kaalli xeelo, malla immiya qofata shaakki beso, qanntha oyshota giigisonne
oyshata dumma dumma shemppotan shaakki imo gidees Halliso, Z.(2003).
2.3.3. Nabbaboppe Guye Wode (PostReading)
Nabbaboppe guye baggan oothanaas bessiya oosotinne kaallidi hananaw bessiyaabati nibbabiya
kumethi shiishi oykkiya oyshata giigiso, nabbaboppe kasenne nabbaboppe wode oyshshettida
oyshata zaaro cugan cugan tobbanaadan udo, nabbabo wode mallida mallata loythidi akeekanne
xaafida uraa (asaa) qofaa kaalli xeelo Arbba Mincce, 2007 (etal) nabbabonne xaafo hiilla
tamarssiya moojjule (Enla-260 bolla qonccidayssa gidees.
2.4. Nabbabo Hiillata (Reading Techniques)
Nabbaboy qoppidi giigettidi bilatethara ekkidi efiyanne poliya ooso. He ooso daro wode kaha
qofa qaaxon nabbabanchchay issi xaafettida miishe bollappe nabbabeebaa. Ha nabbabanchchay
dumma dumma nabbabettiyabati nabbabanchchaa qoppobara gahettiyabata gidanaw dandda7ees.
Nabbabanchchay nabbabidappe ayba kiita gidin be7idabaa shaakkees guussi. Grellet, (1981) nne
Nuttal, (1982) gida mela ha qofaa shaakki wothishe nabbabo hiillata hanotaa wothidosona. Ha
hiillatikka maaran shiiqidi aybatethay ha qommo baggan qonccida pilgganchchat baggara
qonccis. Hessatikka:
2.4.1. Nabbaboppe Koyro (Anticipating)
Hayssi nabbabo ogetappe issuwa gidid tamaareti nibaabiya nabbabanaappe koyro nabbabettonna
miishey aybekkonne qassi sinthas nabbabidappe ay qofa demmanaw koyidakko he nabbabettana

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miishetappe benttii? Benttenee? Giya qofaa qoppiya detha. Ha hiillaas go77ay tamaareti issi issi
koshshiyabatas sinthatidi giigetti nabbabidi koyida miisheta woykko kiittaa demmana mela
ootheesinne giigisees guussi.
2.4.2. Kumetha Qofaa Demos (Skimming)
Hayssi hiillay issi nabbabanchchay issibaas kumetha qofaa demos woykko xaafettida miishaa
woykko misiliya demon he xaafetti shiiqida miishe lo7okko iitekko shaakki be7on aybi koshshii?
Woykko aybi koshshennee? Yaagiyayssan gizzanaw oothiya bessa.
2.4.3. Koyro Coo Xeelo (Pre-Viewing)
Hayssi hiillay bessey issi nibaabeppe koyro oge bessiyanne nibaabiyas de7iya bertte qofaa
sinthatidi erana mela oothiya ooso.
2.4.4. Poxe Nabbabo (Scanning)
Ha nabbabo hiillay issi nabbabanchchay nabbabishe issi pa koyida kiitaa kanchche dummayi
kessidi go7ettanaas woykko pa koyida qofaa kanchche nibaabiyappe shaakki demmiya hanota
guussi.
2.4.5. Ooratha Miishe (Kiita Eros)(Inferring)
Ha nabbabo hiillay go7ey issi nabbabanchchay issi qabimappe (qaala birshshiya maxaafeppe)
ooratha qaala gidin ooratha turaas de7iya deexuwa birshshanaas wogataranne hanotara gasethidi
yiggi be7on birshshethaykka awussara dabbotiyaakko shaakki eros go7ettees.
2.4.6. Sinthappe Hananabaa Kayo (Prediction)
Ha hiilla go7eettiya wode issi nabbabanchchay koyrotti nabbaboppe sinthe ta nabbabidappe guye
ayba kiita demmanee gidi nabbabana miisheykka awussa gidanee? Gidi qofa guussi. Hessikka
haney nabbabettanaas giigettida miishetara gahettiyaaba gididi he wode waatidi ay hanotan
go7ettaneekko birshshethaara gasethidi (Grellet, N.1982). hayssappe qommon qonccida nabbabo
ogeti entti qofettennabaa gidikko buzo kaha qofan attidosona gis.

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2.5. Nabbabo Go77aa (SignificanceOfReading)
Nabbabo go77ay hayssa mela (keena) gaanaw daro ciimmo gidees. Gidoppe attin hanida go77ata
berttetethan qonccisanaw dandda7ettees. Yaattikko go7atappe kaallidi qonccisishin nabbaboy
xaafettidabaappe be7idi nabbabon ooratha qofaa demmanaas eratetha gujjanaas, kaha
walloyanaas, taarike eranaas, pilggetha ooso oge eranaas, alame giddoyiya doona
dichchanaasinne hessa hessa malata oosos go7ees.

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SHEMPPO HEEDZA
Pilggetha Hiillata (ResearchMethodology)
3.1. Xanna7o Oge (The ResearchDesign)
Pilgganchchay ha xinaatiya buussas go77ettanaw koyida xanna7o ogey gaaso (case study)
gidishin pilgganchchay go7ettanaw koyida hiillay qassi paydon (qoodan) (quantitative) qoncciso
hiilla gidishin harabaggarakka kifile gaathan xeelo (observation) oosoykka de7iya gisho qaalan
paatethaykka hanida mela polettiya gaason qaalan paatetha zaaro (qualitative method) ogiyakko
gujjidi go7ettees guussi.
3.2. PilggethaasEkkanaAsaa Darotethaa(SubjectOf The Study)
Pilgganchchay baaso udi denddiday Sawla kataman kustti paydo issonne kumetha detha timirtte
keethan 8tho kifilen de7iya ubba tamaareta bolla gidishin he kifile dethan 2010 maarotetha
laythan tamaariya nayta gidoosona. He timirtte keethan de7iya tamaareta darotethay 329 gidishin
pilgganchchay markkanddos go7ettis.
3.3. Asaa Dalggatethaanne Bessinddo Dooro (PopulationAnd Selection
Of Sample)
Ha pilggetha oosanchchay keethaawa oothidi denddiday Sawla kataman kustti paydo isso
issanthonne kumetha dethan 8tho kifile tamaareta darotethay 329 gidees. Gidoppe attin,
pilgganchchay meeze oothey kumetha ha tamaareta bolli gidees. Pilgganchchay kifiley “A-F”
gakkanaw usuppun maara kifiletan de7iya tamaareta ubbappe poxe poxe eko ogen zemppidi
ekkis. Gujjidikka, ha ubba kifileta doona timirtte tamarssiya asttamaaretikka pilggetha ooso
buussan hashettishe doona timirtte tamarssiya asttamaareta darotethay kumethi ussuppuna
gidishin markkanddo immanaas tamaaretappe tammu kushe gidishin sintha qofaa giigisidi
tamaareti minniyaanne leppiya qaalata suure nabbabo waatidi giigisanee? Yaageyssa baaso udidi
denddis. Kumetha asttamaaretappe lotoore hiillan heedzata ekeyis.

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3.4. Markkanddo Shiisho Miisheta (Tools Used For Data Gathering)
Ha xinaatey oosettishe he qofettida bessa bidi be7on, xuufe oysho imo. Markkanddo shiishos:
3.4.1. Xeelon (Observation)
Ha qaaxoy koyro kifile giddoy ay aaziyakko woykko ay hanidee? Gidi yuuyi be7on gidees. Ha
oosoy oosettishin oosoy gathiya (xeelliya) asttamaareti hashettoosonanne maaddoosona.
3.4.2. Xuufen Oysho (Questionnaire)
Ha hiillay nam77antho detha hiilla gidishin xuufen oysha giigisis. Pilgganchchay xuufera
giigisida oyshota tamaaretasinne asttamaaretas shiishis. Ha xaafetti shiiqida oyshaas bertte qofay
kase kifilen xeellettida oosoti minotethara polettana melanne koyettida kiitay benttana mela
oosettis. Hessikka, minniyanne leppiya woykko aduqqiyanne qaammiya dumma dumma qaalata
xuufen giigison heedzu tammu tamaare nayti buzo nabbabana qaada medhdhis.
Ha xuufen giigidi shiiqida oyshati hananaw bessey koyrottidi gishanaappe sinthe giigiso
koshshees. Hessikka koyro giigettishe dumma dumma giigisis. Shiiqana oysha xuufeti nam77u
qommo gidoosona. Hessatikka koyro baggay tamaareta baggara gidishin nam77anthoy
asttamaareta baggara gidees. Asttamaaretikka doona timirtte asttamaareta guussi.
3.4.3. Bessinddos Doorettida Taamaaretas Paace Imo
Koyrottidi miniyaanne leppiya woykko aduqqiyaanne qaammiya dumma dumma qaalata
dummayidi xaafi shiishidayssa tamaaretas buzo shaakki gishidappe guye issoy issoy paas
imettida qaalata buzo qaada maaran nabbabanaadan oothishe nabbabide nabbabibenne yaageyssa
shaakki woson markkanddo shiisheyssa gidees. Hessikka imettida qaala suure nabbabida gidikko
Ee suure nabbabonna gidikko akkay malla woson pilgganchchay pa buzo kushera kantheyssa
gidishin asttamaareti gidikko panttas kunthi zaaranaada oothis.
3.5. Markkanddo Paatetha (Data Analysis)
Markkanddo shiishidappe guye maaran uttidi zaraa gaathan wodhdhanaas woykko kumanaas
bessees. Qofan birshshidi aapun kushekko (percentage) utteyssa gidees. Hessappe guye oosettiya

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oosoti be7etteyssata gidishin demettanaw de7iya pilggethaa demoy xinaatiya kaaraa bolla
zemppees.

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SHEMPPO OYDDA
MARKKANDDO PAATETHI, BIRSHSHETHINNE DEMOTA
GELO
Ha shemppuwaan markkanddo paatetha maara keehippe tamaaretappenne asttamaaretappe
shiiqida gorddanne dooya oyshata zaarota paatethinne birshshetha imonne demote shaakki beso
bolla wudayeyssagidees.
Pilgganchchay ha xinaatiya buussas go7ettida ogey gaaso (case study) gidishin pilgganchchay
go7ettida hiillay qoodan (quantitative) qoncciso gididi hara baggarakka kifile gaathan xeelo
(observation) oosuwaakka polida gisho oyshettida oyshatas haniya zaaruwa immanayssa qaalan
paatetha zaaruwa xuufen (qualitative) ogiyaakka gujjidi go7ettis.
Zara-1- Pilggethaas ekettida tamaareta darotetha markkanddo
Mattuma Qooda Kushe
Adde 13 65
Macca 7 35
Kumetha 20 100
4.1. Xeelo (observation) markkanddo paatetha
Pilgganchchay pa pilggetha oosoy denddo gididaynne bertte gidida koyro dethay kifile giddo
xeelo ooso oothis. He ooso (xeelo) woden kifile gaathan doona timirtte woden dumma dumma
qaalata nabbabo metos ayba ayba gaasoti de7iyaakko tamaareti asttamaaretappe gidin enttappe
pacciyaabata wothishin pilgganchchay kaalliyayssata be7isinne si7is. Zaarota paatethay
hayssappe garssara shiiqidayssa gidees.
 Tamaareti nabbabettonna qaalata hintte asttamaareti qaalata dummayidi hinttena
meezeyisoonaa? geetitida oyshuwaas zaarishe asttamaareti timirtte tamarssoosona shin he
qaalata dummayidi bessokona gidosona.

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 Hara baggara panttas de7iya metuwa oyshettidas zaarishe heyssa ubbasikka nuuni nuus
gelonayssa woykko nabbabettonna qaalata oyxhxhanaw bessishin oychchi erokko
gidosona.
 Haray qassi asttamaarey zaari zaari oyshoninne daro oyshatas immidi oychchiya gidikko
sittan gidina hara ogera zaaroy de7ana shin hessi hanonna gisho asttamaareta kaaloynne
minthethoy guutha gidosona.
 Hara baggara timirttes imettida wodiya baggara oyshettidi, wodey guutha elle gakkawus,
asttamaaretikka elle ke7eyssi he qofaakko gakkonna mala udees.
 Nabbabo meezetana qamma dummayiidi tamaaro wode nabbabison meeze oothiya
gidiyaakko lo77oshin hessikka hananaw bessiyaaba gidosona.
4.2. Tamaareta paaciya (nabbabo) zaaro paatetha
Ha ooso poluwa pilgganchchay paas koyro de7iya (qoppida) mala oosuwa suure polanas koyidi
markkanddo immanas doorettida tamaareta issuwa issuwa buzo nabbabana mala paydo 1-5
meega qofa nabbabo paacenne 6-17 tammanne nam77u oyshati minniyaanne leppiya,
aduqiyaanne qaammiya qaalata guttumanne ustta kooshetan medhdhettida qaalata kumethi
tammanne laapun (17) oyshata issi issi tamaareti buzo nabbabiya wode suure nabbabidakonne
nabbabonakko shaakon entta zaaruwa pilgganchchay paas giigisida xuufe warqqaten (check list)
oykki shiishidappe guye gate immida markkanddo qonccisiya zaray hayssappe garssan qonccis.
Meega qofa udoninne taybo 6-17 gaso gidishin 12 oyshata minniyaanne leppiya qaalata shiishon
kumetha 17 (tammanne laapun) oyshata shiishidi nam77u tammu (20) nayti maaran nabbabana
mala oothidi issoy issoy nabbabiya wode suure nabbabeyssatanne nabbabonayssata pa xuufe
warqqaten oykki shiishidappe guye gate immida markkanddo qonccisida zaray hayssappe
garssan qonccis.

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Zara-2- Tamaareti meega qofan minniyaanne leppiya qaalata nabbabanaada giigida paace
oyshata zaaro
p.m Nabbabettida meega qofati Suure nabbabo Tamaare darotetha Kushe (%)
1 Dago asay oothi simmidi
maaran uttidi parsso uyoosona
Nabbabiday 14 70
Nabbabonay 6 30
Gujetay 20 100
2 Aradda gaden zerettida
gaashey ayfe loythi imenna
Nabbabiday 12 60
Nabbabonay 8 40
Gujetay 20 100
3 Mehe zal77anchchay boora
baqulora laammis
Nabbabiday 7 35
Nabbabonay 13 65
Gujetay 20 100
4 Sul77aa pil77on aathaashe
guuthi ashshada aatha.
Nabbabiday 2 10
Nabbabonay 18 90
Gujetay 20 100
5 Phuuphphulley bolla kooliya
qumatappe issuwa.
Nabbabiday 5 25
Nabbabonay 15 75
Gujetay 20 100
Hayssappe qommo baggan zara 2 bolla qonccida markkanddo paattishin:
1. Oysha isso nabbabida tamaareti 14(70%) kushe gidishin nabbabibenna tamaareti 6(30%)
kushe gidoosona.
2. Oysha nam77a nabbabida tamaareti 12(60%) kusshe gidishin nabbabibonna tamaareti
8(40%) kushe gidoosona.
3. Oysha heedzantho suure nabbabida tamaareti 7(35%) kusshe gidishin suure
nabbabibonnayssati tamaareti 13(65%) kushe gidoosona.
4. Oysha oyddantho suure nabbabida tamaareti 12(60%) kusshe gidishin nabbabibonna
tamaareti 8(40%) kushe gidoosona.

14. 14
5. Oysha ichchashaa suure nabbabiday 5(25%) kushe gididi suure nabbabonayssati 15(75%)
gidishin tamaareta darotethay 20 (100%) kushe gididayssa qonccisees. Hessa gishos
kaalliya zara bolla de7iya qaala nabbabo muruutara wolli gathi be7on paatethay
tillateyssa gidees.
Zara-3-Minniyaanne leppiya qaalata nabbabidanne nabbabibonna tamaareta qonccisiya
markkanddo paatethay garssara zaran qonccis. Hessikka tamaaretas shiiqida nabbabo ogeta
bolla giigida qaalata paace

15. 15
p.m Nabbabettida qaalati Suure nabbabo Tamaare darotetha Kushe (%)
1 Olla Nabbabiday 14 70
Nabbabonay 6 30
Gujetay 20 100
2 Baaso Nabbabiday 14 70
Nabbabonay 6 30
Gujetay 20 100
3 Shaallo Nabbabiday 4 20
Nabbabonay 16 80
Gujetay 20 100
4 Suulla Nabbabiday 7 35
Nabbabonay 13 65
Gujetay 20 100
5 Gaashe Nabbabiday 8 40
Nabbabonay 12 60
Gujetay 20 100
6 Daallo Nabbabiday 9 45
Nabbabonay 11 55
Gujetay 20 100
7 Xilo Nabbabiday 9 45
Nabbabonay 11 55
Gujetay 20 100
8 Cadhdhe Nabbabiday 4 20
Nabbabonay 16 80
Gujetay 20 100
9 Liqaaqa Nabbabiday 4 20
Nabbabonay 16 80
Gujetay 20 100
10 Aawa Nabbabiday 6 30
Nabbabonay 14 70
Gujetay 20 100
11 Laame Nabbabiday 7 35
Nabbabonay 13 65
Gujetay 20 100
12 Urqqa Nabbabiday 13 65
Nabbabonay 7 35
Gujetay 20 100

16. 16
Hayssappe qommo baggan zara 3 bolla qonccida markkanddoy qaalata nabbabo hanota qonccisi
bessiya paatetha: qaalatikka olla, baaso, shaallo, suulla, gaashe, daallo, xilo, cadhdhe, liqaaqa,
aawa, laamenne urqqa giya qaalata suure nabbabiday 14(70%), 14(70%), 4(20%), 7(35%),
8(40%), 9(45%), 9(45%), 4(20%), 4(20%), 6(30%), 7(35%), 13(65%) gidishin suure nabbabonna
tamaareti 6(30%), 16(80%),13(65%), 12(60%), 11(55%), 11(55%), 16(80%), 16(80%), 14(70%),
13(65%), 7(35%) gidoosona. Ha qommo baggara qonccida nam77u qofata woykko suure
nabbabidanne nabbabonna tamaareta kushe qoncciseyssa gidishin hessa ubbatas xaaxi waaxiya
zaray garssan shiiqidayssa gidees. Hessikka heedzu dethan demmida muruuta shiishon
tamaaretanne kushe(%) entta dethan qanthara pilgganchchay dhoqqa,giddothonne ziqqa gidi
ziran bessis
zara 4.kaalliya kuushsha zaray kumetha tamaaretanne kushe(%) entta dethan qanthara
pilgganchchay wothis.dethan dhoqqa, giddothoninne ziqqa gidi bessis.
Demmida muruuta Tamaare darotethaa Kushe(%) Dethaa
10-17 4 20% Ziqqa
6-9 12 60% Dhoqqa
0-5 4 20% Ziqqa
Kumetha 20 100%
xaaxi waaxiya wode
Ha qommo baggara qonccida zaray berttetethan qonccisey tamaareti demmida muruutaa dethan
heedzu bessan shaakon be7iyaa wode kumetha tammanne laappun (17) oyshatappe aappunappe
aappun gaso demmidaakko besseyssa gidishin gelo bolla 6-9 gaso muruuta demmiday 12 (60% )
tamaare gidishin hessi qonccisey suure nabbibonna tamaare dhoqqatethaa besseyssa gidees.
hessa gisho,nabbabo metoy de7iyayssa pilgganchchay paw giigiya ogen mooddis. Tammanne
laappun (17) oyshatappe 10-17 gaso murruutaa demmidayssati 4 (20%) kushenne ziqqa dethan
beetteyssata.Haray qassi 0-5 gaso muruuta demmida tamaareti 4 (20%) kushe ziqqa dethan
qonccidosona.kuuyishin ha paatettida markanddoy malliya mala 6-9 gaso muruuta tammanne
laappun xuufen shiiqida meega qofatanne dumma dumma minniyanne leppiya qaalata
nibaabettappe tammanne 12(60%) kushe gididayssi detha dhoqqay malley suure nabbabo metoy

17. 17
de7eyssa bessees. hessa gisho, he timirtte keethan hosppuntho kifile tamaaretas doona timirtten
minniyaanne leppiya woy aduqqiyanne qaammi nabbabettiya meega qofata gaathan gidin pana
dandda7ida qaalata usttataninne guttuma pidaletan (kooshetan) kojettidayssata suure nabbabonna
metoy de7ees gidi pilgganchchay shaakkis.
4.3 Asttamaareta xuufe oyshata paatethaa ( analysis of teachers’ questionnaires)
Hayssi oyshay asttamaaretas shiiqeyssa gidishin he timirtte keethan de7iya doona timirtte
asttamaareta darotethay pexo heedza gidiya gishaas pilgganchchay paas suure markkanddo
demmanaw koyidi de7iya doona asttamaarentta ubbata ekkanaw koyidi gizzonna bessinddo
dooro ogen go77ettidi xuufe oyshaa shiishishe qassi gorgganne dooya gidida ogen oyshata
giigison heedzu asttamaareti immida xuufe markkandduwaa hayssappe garssa bagga zaran
qonccisis.

18. 18
zara .5 Asttamaaretas gordda oyshata zaarotanne kushe qonccisiya zaraa
p.m Oyshata zaarota Asttamaareta
darotetha
kushe
1 Minniyaanne leppiya qaalata tamaare ubbati
eroosona.
Ee - -
Akkay 3 100
Gujeta 3 100
2 . Nibaabe nabbabiso oosoy doona timirtte
tamarssiyaa asttamaareta xalaalassee?
Ee 0 -
Akkay 3 100
Gujeta 3 100
3 Tamaareti nabbabishe qaalata suure nabbaboy
birshshethaa tillayees.
Ee 0 -
Akkay 3 100
Gujeta 3 100
4 Doona timirtte tamarssiya asttamaareti hara
asttamaareta ha hiillaa haggazana mala shoobbi
eroosona
Ee 2 66.7
Akkay 1 33.3
Gujeta 3 100
5 Tamaareti pantta asttamaariya nabbabettonna
ixxida qaalata waani nabbabettiyaakko oychchi
eroonaa?
Ee 3 100
Akkay 0 -
Gujeta 3 100
6 Goofatho doona dalggiso oosoy nenan oosettii? Ee 2 66.7
Akkay 1 33.3
Gujeta 3 100
7 Ha koosheta sunthaa’A’nne ‘E’ ne tamaareti ubbay
eroonaa?
Ee 2 66.7
Akkay 1 33.3
Gujeta 3 100
8 Goofatho doona timirttiyan nabbabo meeze oosoy
daro wode oosettii?
Ee 2 66.7
Akkay 1 33.3
Gujeta 3 100
9 Nabbabo meeze oosos doona timirtte asttamaare
gidonnayssati ubbati hashettoonaa?
Ee 1 33.3
Akkay 2 66.7
Gujeta 3 100

19. 19
Hayssappe qommo baggara qonccida asttamaareta gordda oysha uddufunatas shiiqida nam77u
doorota akkaynne ee gidi zaarida zaarota paatethay kaalleyssa mala paatettis.
Zara 5 oysha isso bolla Ee gidayssati (0%) kusheykka 0 gidishin akkay 3(100%), nam77antho
oysha Ee gidayssati 0(0%) kushe gidishin akkay gidayssati 3(100%), oysha heedzan Ee
gidayssati 0(0%) kushenne akkay 3(100%) gidishin oysha oydda bolla Ee giday 2(66.7%) nne
akkay giday 1(33.3%), oysha ichchashan Ee 3(100%) akkay 0(0%), oysha usuppunan Ee giday
2(66.7%)nne akkay 1(33.3%)gidees. oysha laapunan Ee 2(66.7%) kushe akkay 1(33.3%) kushe,
oysha hosppuna Ee 2(66.7%) kushe akkay 1(33.3%) nne wurssetha oysha uddupunan Ee
1(33.3%) nne akkay 2(66.7%) kushe gidiyayssa zaray qonccisees.
Zara-6- Asttamaareta gordda oysha zaarota bessiya kuushsha zara
Zaaro Darota Kushe
Ee 14 70
Akkay 12 40
Asttamaareta 3 100
Xaaxi waaxiya wode hayssappe qommo baggara qonccida zara usuppunan qonccidayssi
asttamaareta gordda oysha zaaruwa gidishin pilgganchchay ha markkanddo demos giigisida
oysha mala “Akkay” gidi zaarida zaaroy dhoqqa (70%) kushe gidiya gisho dumma dumma
oyshata gidoyon benttida markkanddo gidiya gisho heyssikka de7iya daabura bagga daro
pilggida gisho ha kushey malley metoy de7ees gidi pilgganchchay gizzis.
4.3. Kifile Giddo Xeelo Markkanddota Paatetha (Analysis of observation)
oysha 10 Doona timirtte nabbabo metoy de7iya tamaaretas bertte metoy ayba gada qoppay?
qanthan xaafada qonccisisa.
A1: Ustta pidaletanne guttuma pidaleta shaakki ero dhayonne issi issi waatha pidaleta shaakki
ero dhayo yaagis.
A2: Doona timirtte nabbabo metoy paranjjetho pidalenne doona pidaleta shaakonna meto gis.

20. 20
A3: Heeran daro wode haasayan go7etteyssada caddi xeellidi nabbabonayssappe denddidayssan
yaagis.
Oysha 11 Tamaareti minniyaanne leppiya qaalata nibaabe nabbabo meezetonna mala
medhdhettida metoy aybee? Dalggan qonccisa.
A1: Daro wode tamaareti hirkki woykko garssa dethan usttatinne guttumati waani
nabbabettiyaakkonne nabbabisiyaakko waanidi nabbabettiyaakko shaakkonnayssappe
denddidayssana.
A 2; Tamaareti pidaleti awde minniyaakkonne awde leppiyaakko shaakkonna gishossa.
gujjidikka, A 3ay zaarsida zaaroy A 2ra issi mala gideyssa qonccisis.Oysha 12; Tamaareti
nabbabishe qaalata suure xeegi nabbabonna ixxikko ayba metoy medhettii? Qanthan xaafa.
A1; Qaalata suure xeegonna ixxiko kiitaa wobbisees gis.
A2 ; Suure birshshethi demmanaw dandda7okkona.
A3; Birshshetha metoy medhettanw dandda7ees.
Oysha 13;Goofatho doona timirtte nabbabon geeddaretti eroonaa?
Ee giikko waanidi? akkay giikko gaasuwaa qanthan xaafa.
A1;Ee aybis giikko, nabbabora gidin hara ogera gidikkoka pantta doonan geeddarettoosona gis.
A2;Ee geeddarettoosona. Naytas saate woy daqqiqa oykkada hanida xuufe immada nabbabon
geeddarisays gis.
A3; Qaalatanne meega qofata xaafidi imon geeddarettoosona.
Hayssappe qommo baggara paydo 10-13 gakkanaw de7iya asttamaareta dooya oyshata zaaruwaa
pilgganchchay xeelliya wode markkanddoy maalliya mala nabbabos baassoy koosheta
,usttatanne guttumata qassi issi issi waatha pidaleta shaakki eronna ixoy nabbabo hiillaa bolla
meto medhdhidayssappe denddidayssan suure birshshethaa laammeesinne qofaa suure
shaakettanaw dandda7ettenna.Hessa gishos nabbabo metoy de7ees guussan pilgganchchay
gizzis.

21. 21
4.4. Pilggetha Demo( The Major Findings Of The Study)
 Daro tamaareti nabbabo ooso bolla guutha muruuta demmidayssa.
 nabbabishe qaalata suure xeegi nabbabonnayssa
 Tamaareti issi issi usttatanne guttuma pidaleta shaakki eronnayssa
 Tamaareti nabbabanaas wuda dhayonne meezeto agoy
 Guttumati minney ay wodeekko xuuraa eronna ixo
 Usttati daabulishin adussi nabbabanayssa akeeko dhayo
 Ubba asttamaareti nabbabiso ooso sittan gidin hara ogera nabbabiso agoy
 Kifilen de7iya tamaareta darotethaappe denddidayssan kifile wodey qanthi gididayssappe
 Asttamaarey minniyanne leppiya qaalata dummayidi wudan bessonna ixonne h.h.melati
kumetha markkanddo tillatethan qonccidayssa gidiya gisho,pilgganchchay he timirtte
keethan 8tho kifilen dumma dumma doona timirtte nibaabeta gaathan de7iya leppiyayssata
gidin minniya qaalata tillayidi nabbabonna metoy de7ees gidi pilgganchchay pa
pilggethan demmidi gizzis.

22. 22
SHEMPPO ICHCHASHA
Kuuyethinne Qofa imo
5.1 Kuuyethi (conclusion)
Ha xinaatey oosettanaw dandda7iday bertte gidida minniyanne leppiya qaalata sawula kataman
kustti poydo isso issanthonne kumetha detha timirtte keethan 8tho kifilen nabbabo metoy de7ees
gidi denddidayssa xanna7anaassa gidishin berttetethan tamaareti nabbabo hiillaa giigisana
malanne nabbabo meto billanaas koshshiya dumma dumma oosota polo koshshees.Hessa gishos,
pilgganchchay pa xinaatiya qoppobaa gakkanaas qofidi markkanddo shiishiday xeelon, qaala
oyshoninne xuufe oysho go7etethan shiiqidayssa paatetha imon dumma dumma ogetan
birshshetha immis.kuuyishin,tamaare nayti minniyanne leppiya qaalatasuure nabbabonna mala
dhube gidiyabaati ;
 Usttanne guttuma pidaley minniyaanne leppiya wode waani uttiyaakko ero ixo
 Issi issi waatha pidaleta daro baggati shaakki eronnayssa
 Asttamaarey loythi kaaloy guuxxiyayssa
 Nibaabe meeze ooso mata matan oothonnayssa
 Tamaareti nibaabe erana gidi denddonnayssa
 Timirtte woden imettida saate qanthatethay ubba wode gidoynne h.h.mela metoti
tamaareta nibaabe meezes dhube gidi markkanddo gaason pilgganchchay gizzanaas
gakkis.
5.2. Haras Beso (Recommendation)
kaalliya haraas oge besota pilgganchchay shiisheyssa gidees;
 Goofatho doona tamaareti usttane guttuma pidaley minniyanne leppiya wode
waanidi uttiyaakko ero koshshees.
 Goofatho doonan issi issi waatha pidaleta waanidi xeegettiyaakko shako
koshshees.
 Goofatho doona timirtte tamaareti nabbabishin waayisiya pidaleta gidin qaalata
pantta asttamaariya oysho koshshees.

23. 23
 Goofatho doona timirtte tamaareti nabbabishin nibaabe nabbabanaas
denddetethay duussi koshshees.
 Goofatho doona timirtte tamaareti timirtte saateppe karera buzo wode maxaafeta
go7ettidi nibaabo. meezeto koshshees.
 Goofatho doona timirtte nabbabiso ooso issi doona asttamaare xalaala
gidonnashin hara timirtte asttamaareta hashetonne h.h.melata polo koshshees
guussan pilgganchchay pa qofiso shiishis.

24. 24
kaalo waraqqate(check list) nabbabikko ( ) malla nabbabonna ixxikko (X )
Oyshata
darotetha
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Qoncciso
Meega
qofata
1
2
3
4
5
Dumma
dumma
minniyaanne
leppiya
qaalata
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

25. 25
Markka Maxaafe
 …(2005). Reading Skills (FLEE.103);Distance Program Addis Abeba,Ethiopia
 ….(2007). Reading and zuriting skills(Enla.206) Distance Module Arba Minch Ethiopia
 Arba Minch etal, (2007). ….Distance Module Reading and Writing Skill.
 Boron, H. (1994). Principle And Language Learning And Teaching
 Dereje, A. (2001). Nabbabo Hiilla.
 Grellet, N. (1982). Developing Reading Skills. Cambrije University Press
 Grenet, F. (1981). Developing Reading Skills A Practical Guide To Reading
Comprehension exercise Cambridge.
 Halliso, Z. (2003). Goofatho Doona Nabbabonne Xaafo Hiilla. Arbba Mincce
Asttamaareta Loohisiya Kollojen Giigida Maanuwaale.
 Hohn, R. (1975). Proficiency Reading Comprehension; Cambridge: Cambridge
university press
 Johone, U. (1975)….Reading Process
 Nuttal, C. (1982). Teaching Reading Skills Foreign Language: London Hineman
education book ltd
 Shawaye, (1986). Reading Skill.
 You-Mey-Yun, (1994).Teaching Efficient Reading In T.Karlled Teacher

26. 26
Guja qoncciso 1 Tamaareta oysho
ARBBA MINCCE YUNBBERSSITEN DERETETHA SAYNSSENNE ASAA
ALLALLIYA KOLLOOJEN GOOFATHO BILA-XUUFE
DIPARTTEMENTTEN PILGGETHA XINAATE OOSOS QOFETTIDI
TAMAARETAS GIIGIDI SHIIQI NABBABO OOSO.
Al77o tamaaretoo:
Ha oyshaas qoppobay tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtte tamaaro wode nabbabo
ooso gaathan daro wode minniyaanne leppiya woykko qaammiyaanne aduqqiya
pidaletan medhdhettida qaalata nabbabonna gishos he metuwa billanaas koyettis.
Hessa gishos hayssappe garssan shiiqiya oyshata hintte wollippe duuqonna mela
bonchchoraoychchays.
Qofiso:
1. Oysha warqqate bolla suntha xaafo koshshenna
2. Oysha hara asara zorettidi zaaro koshshenna.
Kaaloda-1- Hintte huuphe qoncciso markkanddo kaallidi imettida dooro saaxine
gaathan (X) malaata wothite.
1. Laytha A) 11-15 B) 16-20 C) 21-25 D) 26-30
2. Mattuma A) Adde B) Macca
3. Kifile dethay A) 8tho B) 9tho C) 10tho

27. 27
Kaaloda-2-Kaallidi de7iya meega qofata suure nabbabite.
1. Dago asay oothi simmidi maaran uttidi parsso uyoosona.
2. Aradda gaden zerettida gaashey ayfe loythi immenna.
3. Mehe zal77anchchay boorabaqulora laammis.
4. Sul77a pil77on aathashe guuthi ashshada aatha.
5. Phuuphphulley bolla kooliya qumatappe isso.
Kaaloda-3-Kaalliya qaalata suure nabbaba.
1. Olla 5. Gaashshe 9. Liqaaqa
2. Baaso 6. Daallo 10.Aawa
3. Shaallo 7. Xilo 11. Laame
4. Suulla 8.Cadhdhe 12. Urqqa
Hintte Immida Zaaruwaas Keehada Galatays!!

28. 28
Guja qoncciso 2 Asttamaareta oysho
ARBBA MINCCE YUNBBERSSITEN DERETETHA SAYNSSENNE ASAA
ALLALLIYA KOLLOOJEN GOOFATHO BILA-XUUFE
DIPARTTEMENTTEN PILGGETHA XINAATE OOSOS QOFETTIDI
ASTAMAARETAS GIIGIDI SHIIQIDA XUUFE OYSHA.
Al77o asttamaretoo:
Ha oyshaas qoppobay tamaareti Goofatho doona timirtte tamaaro wode nabbabo
hiilla baggara nabbabishe nibaabe gaathan gaathan daro wode minniyaanne
leppiya woykko qaammiyaanne aduqqiya pidaletan kojettida qaalata suure
nabbabonna meto shaakki billanaassa gidees. Hessa gishos hayssappe garssan
shiiqiya oyshata hintte wollippe duuqonna mela bonchchoraoychchays.
Qofiso:
1. Oysha warqqate bolla suntha xaafo koshshenna
2. Oysha hara asara zorettidi zaaro koshshenna.
Kaaloda-1-Pa huuphe qoncciso
Hintte immiya markkandduwa kaallidi imettida dooro saaxinen (X) malla wothite.
1. Laythay: A) 20-25 B) 26-30 C) 30-35 D) 36-45
2. Mattuma: A) Adde B) Macca
3. Kifiley A) 8tho B) 9tho C) 10tho

29. 29
Kaaloda-2- Hinttes shiiqida “Ee” woykko “Akkay” giya nam77u dooratappe
sintha baggara shiiqida saaxine gaathan (X) malaata wothite.
1. Minniyaanne leppiya qaalata tamaare ubbati eroosona.A) Ee
B) Akkay
2. Nibaabe nabbabiso oosoy doona timirtte tamarssiya asttamaare xalaalassee?
A) Ee B) Akkay
3. Tamaareti nabbabishe qaalata suure nabbaboy birshshethaa tillayees. A) Ee
B) Akkay
4. Doona timirtte tamarssiya asttamaareti hara asttamaareta ha hiilla haggazana
mala shoobbiieroosona. A) Ee B) Akkay
5. Tamaareti pantta asttamaariya nabbabettonna ixxida (xoonida) qaalata waani
nabbabettiyaakko oychchi eroonaa? A) Ee B) Akkay
6. Goofatho doona dalggiso oosoynenan oosettii? A) Ee B) Akkay
7. Ha koosheta suntha (Anne E) ne tamaareti ubbay eroonaa? A) Ee
B) Akkay
8. Goofatho doona timirttiyaan nabbabo meeze oosoy daro wode oosettii?
A) Ee B) Akkay
9. Nabbabo meeze oosos doona timirtte asttamaare gidonnayssati ubbati
hashettoonaa? A) Ee B) Akkay
Kaaloda-3-Kaalliya oyshata xaafada zaara
10.Doona timirtte nabbabo metoy de7iya tamaaretas bertte metoy ayba gada
qofay? Qanthan xaafada qonccisa----------------------------------------------------
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30. 30
11.Tamaareti minniyaanne leppiya qaalata nibaabe nabbabo meezettonna mala
medhdhettida metoy aybee? Dalggan qonccisa------------------------------------
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12.Tamaareti nabbabishe qaalata suure xeegi nabbabonna ixxikko ayba metoy
medhdhettii? Qanthan xaafa----------------------------------------------------------
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
13.Goofatho doona timirtte nabbabongeedarettiyonaa? “Ee” giikko waanidii?
Akkay giikko gaasuwa qanthan xaafa-----------------------------------------------
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Hintte Immida Zaaruwaas Keehada Galatays!!