Goofatho Masqqala -research

1. i
Keso
Kaara Shaye
Zarata keso......................................................................................................................................... i
Galata ............................................................................................................................................... ii
Qofiso.............................................................................................................................................. iii
Maataawatethi...................................................................................................................................iv
Xuntha kuusha....................................................................................................................................v
SHEMPPO ISSO................................................................................................................................1
1. GELO.........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 METUWA ESO...................................................................................................................1
1.2 METUWA QONCCISO.......................................................................................................2
1.3 Pilggetha Qoppoba...............................................................................................................2
1.3.1 Kumetha Qoppoba........................................................................................................2
1.3.2 Sima Qoppobata ...........................................................................................................3
1.4 Pilggetha Oysha...................................................................................................................3
1.5 Pilggetha Zawa....................................................................................................................3
1.6 Pilggetha Go7a ....................................................................................................................3
SHEMPPO NAM77A.........................................................................................................................4
2. GAKETETHI DE7IYA XUUFETA ZAARETHO.........................................................................4
2.1 Masqqalanne Masqqala Doometha Hanota ............................................................................4
2.2 Masqqala Bonchcho Kaassa Woga........................................................................................4
2.3 Masqqala Bonchcho Wode Muussa Woga.............................................................................5
2.4 Masqqala Bonchcho wode Ushsha Woga...............................................................................5
2.5 Masqqala Wogay Bnchchettiya Gaasota................................................................................5
SHEMPPO HEEDZA.........................................................................................................................6
3. PILGGETHA OOSO HIILLA......................................................................................................6
3.1 Pilggetha Medhuwa .............................................................................................................6
3.2 Bessinddo Dooro Hiillanne Bessinddo Dooretetha .................................................................6
3.3 Markkanddo Shiisho Miisheta ..............................................................................................6
3.3.1 Qaala Oysha.................................................................................................................7

2. ii
3.3.2 Xuufe Oysha ................................................................................................................7
3.3.3 Wuda Cuga Tobba........................................................................................................7
3.3.4 Xaafetti Uttida Miisheta Shaakki Xeelo..........................................................................7
3.4 Pilggetha Ammanetethanne Suuretetha..................................................................................7
3.5 Markkanddo Paatetha Hiilla..................................................................................................7
3.6 Pilggetha Ooso Maara..........................................................................................................8
3.7 Pilggetha Oosos Shiiqo Kanddo............................................................................................8
SHEMPPO OYDDA...........................................................................................................................9
4 MARKKANDDOPAATETHINNE BIRSHSHETHI ....................................................................9
4.1 Xuufe Oyshan Shiiqida Markkanddota ..................................................................................9
4.2 Qaala Oyshatan Shiiqida Markkanddota Paatethi .................................................................11
4.3 Wudattida Cuga Tobba Markkanddo...................................................................................11
4.4 Xaafettidi Uttida Miisheta Paatethi......................................................................................12
4.5 Demota .............................................................................................................................13
SHEMPPO ICHASHA .....................................................................................................................14
5 KUUSHSHANNE OGE BESOTA.............................................................................................14
5.1 KUUSHSHA.....................................................................................................................14
5.2 OGE BESOTA..................................................................................................................14
Markka Maxaafata............................................................................................................................15

3. i
Zarata keso
Zara 1: Bessinddota buzo markkanddo------------------------------------------------------------------9
Zara 2: Woganne Turiizime xaafo keetha markkanddo-----------------------------------------------9
Zara 3: Zaran shiiqida oyshatanne paatettida paatethaa-----------------------------------------------10

4. ii
Galata
Koyrottada doomethape bidi ha pilggethay kuuyettana gaso pa wolqqan gita maaddida Xoossaa
galatays. Kaallidi, ta daaburaa minthethishe lo77o muruutancha udida ta zoraadde asttamaariyaa
Marqqoosa Iyaasu keehippe galatays. Hara baggara qassi ta hashen eqqida ta soo asaa
wozanappe galatays. Wurssethan, ha pilggethaas haniyaa zoretanne oge besotan maaddida ta
kifile tamaariyaa H/Maarama Manggisttu keehada galatays.

5. iii
Qofiso
Ha pilggetha oosoy Goofa, Uba Debire Tsehayen, Zaalaninne Gezze Goofa woradatan polettiya
Masqqala bonchcho kaassanne muussa ushsha woga xomooso giyaa kaaran Arbba Mincce
Yunbburssitte Deretetha Saynssenne Asa Allaalliyaa Kolloojjen Goofatho Doonanne Bila Xuufe
Timirtte Kifile Caammo Tashen koyro BA digires shiiqidayssa gidishin pilggethay Goofatho
doonanne bila xuufe timirtte kifiles qofiso immo geyssan qonccisis.

6. iv
Maataawatethi
Pilgganchay taani Dn. Gardda Gaagga geetettashe qofisanaw koyiday ha pilggethay oosettiday
Goofa, Uba Debire Tsehayen, Zaalaninne Gezze Goofa woradatan polettiya Masqqala bonchcho
kaassanne muussa ushsha woga xomooso bolla oosettis. Heyssika, Arbba Mincce Yunbburssitten
Deretetha Saynssenne Asa Allaalliyaa Kolloojje koyro BA digire kunthetho pilggetha xuufenne
maataawatethaa ha pilggetha xinaatiyaa oothidayssabaa gideyssanne oonikka pilgganchaa
eenotethi baynna koshshida mela Yunbburssitte dethan gidin dumma dumma eqotatan aasoy
dandda77ettenna.
Pilgganchaa sunthaa _______________________________
Zoraadde sunthaa _________________________________
Pirima______________
De7o bessaa_____________________

7. v
Xuntha kuusha
Ha pilggetha oosoy Goofan, Uba Debire Tsehayen, Zaalaninne Gezze Goofa woradatan
polettiya Masqqala bonchcho kaassanne muussa ushsha woga xomooso bolla oosettida
pilggethi. Ha pilggetha oosoy pilggetha ooso maaraa naagidi koyroppe wurssetha gaso
dumma dumma kifiletan shaakettidi uttis. Pilgganchay ha kaaraa bolla wudatethan
oothanaadan udida gaasoy koyroppe de7iyaa pilggetha oosoti Goofa Gaze Masqqala
bonchcho wode kaassay, muussanne ushsha wogati leppishe biyaa gisho ha7i yeletaa giddon
daro meezetidi beettana mala giyaaban qoppidi polis. Ha buussan pilgganchay pa pilggetha
oosuwaas injje giyaaban walaka (mixed) pilggetha medho go77ettis. Pilgganchay Goofa
zoonen heedzu (3) woradatappe bessinddo doori ekkidi markkanddo shiishis. Markkanddo
shiishos go77ettida miishetikka: xuufe oysho, qaala oysho, wudattida cuga tobbanne xaafetti
uttida miisheta paatethi. Ha shiiqida markkanddotappe xuufe oyshatayssa xuufen zara giddon
xeetu kusheppe paatettis. Gujjidikka, Goofa Gaze Masqqala boncho wode kaa7ettiyaa
kaassti, meetettiyaa kathatinne uyettiyaa ushati de7oosona.
Goofa Gaze Masqqala binchoy woga buqura gididi kaassa qommoti yoo…yoo daanaw
daana… mithaadan daana, shuchadan daana, deriyaada daana, Albba zumaada daana, wogga
wolaada daana, Kencho zooziyaadan daananne Xangga woyshaada daana giyaa kaassatinne
haase, hose, gaashe, laale yethati, gisolle, bayde, ii7enne baaranche kaassati Woganne
Turuuzime xaafo keethan xaafettidi uttis geyssantti ha pilggethaas demo.Hayssa gisho,
pilgganchay ha qommon qonccida demoy Goofa Gaze Masqqala boncho wode kaa7ettiyaa
kaassti, meetettiyaa kathatinne uyettiyaa ushshati de7oosona giyaaban pa pilggethaa kuuyis.

8. 1
SHEMPPO ISSO
1. GELO
1.1 METUWA ESO
Alame bollan de7iya gadetan dumma dumma wogati pantta bonchcho woga naagidi bonchchetteyssi
ererttidaba. Wogi issi dere asasi oonatetha qonccisiyaaba gidishin, gita shalo tuussi geetettees. Woginne
asa na7i shaakettenna. Wogi tamaarettiyaaba, wogi laamettiyaaba, wogi issuwape issuwwako
aadhdhiyaaba. Wogi de7ikko asi de7ees. Asa na7i de7iya bessan wogi de7ees. Woga poley asa na7a.
Poliseykka asa na7a gidiya gishaw woginne asa na7i issi santtimes nam77u shaye gussi.
Edward (1871) woga birshshishe, asa nayta era (knowledge), wozana ammano (belief ), artte (art), higge
(law) yaagis. Ha eranchchay qonccisida mala, asa nayti issippetethan de7iya asa gahetethanne
meezetetha gis. Balaynne (2005) xaafida maxaafiyan wogabaa qonccisishe, woga guussay asa na7a
taarike baggara woli issippe yidaba gis. Ha eranchchay qonccisida mala, asa na7inne wogi hachchi
medhettidabaa gidonnashin adussa laytha meezetidi gam77idabaa guussi.
Tokashe (2008) wogabaa qonccisishe, wogi issi deres de7iya ammanuwaa, duussa hiillanne era
bessiyaanne asa naytara issippe qashettidabaa gis. Ha qofaa akeeki xeellishin, issi deretethas de7iya
issippetetha, polittika qaaxoynne ikkonome dichchay de7iyaba gidikkonne wogi duussa hanotas baaso
gididi beettees giyaa qofa wothis. Ha eranchchay wothida wogati: ma7o woga, yeetha woga, eko gelo
woga, yeeho woga, masqqala bonchcho kaassa muussa ushsha woga, soofe woganne h.h.m qonccisidi
bessiya wolqqay keehidi dhoqqa gididi beettees. Ha dumma dumma bertte gididi beettiya wogatappe
issoy Goofa Gaze Masqqalaa kaassanne muussa ushsha woga gidishin, hessikka asa duussa gaathan asas
na7i Yesuusa Kiristtoosa masqqalay kawiyaa Elleeni geetettiya geeshsha Ayyaanan kiitettada Isira7eele
derern Ayhudeti moogidi dhayssida Yesuusa Masqqaliya bookisada 326 M.L gam7idayssa Gusttama 16
ppe bidi Lafa 10 gakkanaw bookettidi beettidayssan asay ufayssas ililishe xomppe ekkidi koyida
wodiyaappe doomidi bonchchoy medhettis.
Masqqala wogay gita bessi imettidi bonchchettiya gadetappe issoy Goofa gidishin, Goofa deren de7iya 7
woradataninne 2 katama aysotan laythan laythan Gaze Masqqala geetettidi sunthettidi bonchchettishe
gam7is. Hayssa mala wogay dumma dumma pilgganchchatan iya bonchchonne muussa ushsha wogaa
bolla dumma dumma deretan oosettidabaa gidikkoka, Goofa heeran oosettonna gisho, pilgganchchay
Goofa woradatappe Uba Debire Tsehaye, Zaalanne Gezze Goofa Woradatan polettiya Goofa Gaze
Masqqala bonchcho wode meetetiya kathatanne uyettiya ushshata woga deretetha giddon medhettiya
issippetethanne deretethas immiya go7a xomosanaas gidiya gisho, koyro gaketethi baawa.
Pilgganchchay ha kaara bolla oothana mala denthithida gaasotappe uugati adussa laytha bonchchettishe,
kaa7ettishenne mishe uyishe de7iya woga ha7i yeletati bonchchokona.

9. 2
Gujan, masqqala bonchcho kaassaynne muussa ushsha hanotati pilggethan xaafettidi uttida
markkanddoy baynna gisho qoppis. Ha7i yeletati shaakki eronna hanotaynne woga naagonna hanotay
beettees. Ha metoti medhettida gaasoy hara ammanoy gade gelida gisho, tekinoloojje dichchanne ha7i
yeletati kase woga eronna gaaso gidanaw dandda7ees giya qofan pilgganchchay ha kaara bolla
oothanaw koyis
1.2 METUWA QONCCISO
Masqqala bonchcho kaassaynne muussa ushsha woga qommotappe issuwa gidishin, masqqali
Tophphiya koyro laytha bale geetettidi erettis. Oroome kawiyaa Elleni 326 M.L masqqaley bookettidi
beetti simmin Gusttama 16 nne 17n laythan laythan bonchchettana mala Tophphiya Orttodokise woosa
keethay qonccisis. Masqqala bonchchoy masqqala kessiya bessan woykko dembban Addis Ababa
(2016) daamera essidi bonchchetteyssa he laythaape doomidi de7eyssa qonccisees ( Edward, 1968).
Goofa heeran benippe doomidi de7ees yaagidi eranchchay Balaynne (2009) ammano kaallidi yibenna
gidi qonccisis. Ha eranchcha qofay issi pilggethi oosettidi markkanddo wothidabay baynna gisho qofan
Goofa woga maxaafen xaafidi wothishe gis.
Masqqala bonchcho kaassaynne muussa ushsha wogay heerappe heeran dummatanaw dandda7ees.
Koyro pilggethi Gamon de7iyaaba gidikkoka, pilggethay Goofan oosettonna gisho, walaka pilggetha
oge go77ettees. Hessa gisho, pilggetha ogey dummatanaw dandda7ees. Uba Debire Tsehaye, Zaalanne
Gezze Goofa woradatan koyro masqqala bonchcho wode kaassanne muussa ushsha wogay, Gezze
Goofa woradatappe Jawula qabalen Dajaslema, (1803) qonccisida mala, Maarami Taabotey geli simmin
he heeran qeeseti daamera keso oykkin assay meezetidosona. Hessappe guye hara Goofa heerata pinnidi
bidayssa ciire cimati wothoosona.
Kaallidi, Zaala worada giddon de7iya Galxxa qabalen ብሩህ ፣ 1858 qonccisida mala, Maarami Taabotey
gelin asay daamera xomppe qeesetara meezetishe heerappe heera pinnidi Uba Debire Tsehaye
woradatan de7iya qabaleta ubbaa gakkis. Ha wogay bonchchettiyaa hanotay heera mala dummatanaw
dandda7ees. Ha pilgganchchay Goofan, Uba Debire Tsehayen, Zaalaninne Gezze Goofa woradatan
polettiya Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassanne muussa ushsha woganne meetettiyaa katha bolla
pilgganchchay xomooso keehidi wudayees. Hessa gisho, pilganchchay Goofan Masqqala bonchchoynne
muussa ushsha wogay ay aaziyaakko shaakki xomooso ooso polana gidi qofettis.
1.3 Pilggetha Qoppoba
1.3.1 Kumetha Qoppoba
Ha pilggethas kumetha qoppobay
Goofa, Uba Debire Tsehayen, Zaalaninne Gezze Goofa woradatan polettiya Masqqala bonchcho
kaassanne muussa ushsha woga xomooso.

10. 3
1.3.2 Sima Qoppobata
Ha pilggetha sima qoppobati
A. Goofa, Uba Debire Tsehayen, Zaalaninne Gezze Goofa woradatan Gaze Masqqala bonchcho
wode Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho kaassati waani polettiyako xomoosanaassa.
B. Goofa, Uba Debire Tsehayen, Zaalaninne Gezze Goofa woradatan Gaze Masqqala bonchcho
wode muussas giigiya kathata xeellanaassa.
C. Goofa, Uba Debire Tsehayen, Zaalaninne Gezze Goofa woradatan Gaze Masqqala bonchcho
wode ushshas shiiqiyabata yiggi xomoosanaassa.
1.4 Pilggetha Oysha
A. Goofan, Uba Debire Tsehayen, Zaalaninne Gezze Goofa woradatan Gaze Masqqala bonchcho
wode kaassati waanidi polettoonaa?
B. Goofan, Uba Debire Tsehayen, Zaalaninne Gezze Goofa woradatan Gaze Masqqala bonchcho
wode muussas giigiya kathati awussatee?
C. Goofan, Uba Debire Tsehayen, Zaalaninne Gezze Goofa woradatan Gaze Masqqala bonchcho
wode ushshas shiiqiyabati aybinne aybee?
1.5 Pilggetha Zawa
Goofa zooney dugehaa dere asa kilile giddon beettiya 17 zoonetappe issuwa gidishin, ha zooney pa
giddon 7 woradatanne 2 katama aysota shiishi oykkees. Pilgganchchay Goofan de7iya woradata ubban
oothiyako keehidi lo77oshin, pilgganchchay paas de7iya miishenne wode qanthatethappe denddidayssan
pa pilggetha xunthidi Goofan, Uba Debire Tsehayen, Zaalaninne Gezze Goofa heera qabaletan xalaala
pa pilggetha polanaw zawayees. Gujan, ha heedzu Goofa heeratan polettiya Gaze Masqqala bonchcho
woga kaasse, muussanne ushshata bolla polettana.
1.6 Pilggetha Go7a
Ha pilggethay suure ogen pa maara naagidi oosoy polettiya wode dumma dumma kifileti go7ettoosona.
Worada woga, turiizimenne kawo gahetetha ayso keethay koyro dethan go7ettana. Xaafo keethati
masqqala bonchcho kaassata, muussanne ushsha wogay deriya giddon medhdhiya issippetethanne
dabbotetha wogay de7ikko pilggethappe beettiya demuwan deriyaas erisanaada qaada giigisees;
xaafettida bila-xuufe markkanddotethan kaalliya yeletas aadhdhanada giiga gidees. Hara baggara, ha
kaarara gakettiya pilggetha ooso oothiya pilgganchchatas markkanddo gididi maaddana; deretethay
pantta woga shalota xaafettida maaran naagisidi alame issippetethanne woga ogetan mazggabisanawnne
sinthappe daro kare gidin gade giddon wallottanas baaso oothiya ogen go7ees.

11. 4
SHEMPPO NAM77A
2. GAKETETHI DE7IYA XUUFETA ZAARETHO
2.1 Masqqalanne Masqqala Doometha Hanota
Masqqala wogay doometiday Isireele deren Akisume kawiya Hilleni Geeshsha Ayyaanan kiitettada
Yesuusa Kiristtoosi kaqetti hayqqida masqqaley dhayidayssa bookisada 326 M.L anhay qaaxxidaappe
guye assay ufayssa qonccisishe bonchchuwa daamera essidi doomidi kaallishe Tophphiya gade gelidi
koyro bonchcho woga geetettishe gam7is ( ሉሴ፣1936). Hayssappe guye heerappe heera kaallishe
kaallishe yidi Goofa heera gakkidi bonchchetethi koyro olaa gaasora Geeshsha Xoossa Taabotiya Gezze
Goofa woradan Jawula qabalen Dejaslema (1803) geli simmin qeeseti daamera kessi kessi bonchchishin
heeran de7iya asay meezetishe bonchchoy daro heerata pinnidi kumethi gakkis.
Kaallishe Goofan Zaala woradan de7iya Galxxa qabalen Dejaslema (1812) qommon qonccidayssa mala,
Maarami Taabotey gelin assay masqqala xomppe keso qeesetappe be7ishenne ammanuwa ammanishe,
walakettidi meezetishe heerappe doomidi hara heera heerara pinnidi Goofan Uba Debire Tsehaye
qabaleta gakkanaw bis. Haray qassi, masqqala bonchcho doometha taarikey qonccisiya mala, oona gida
alame bolla de7iya Orttodokise woosa keethan masqqala giya sunthaynne yuussa taarike maxaafeynne
hara guutha maxaafati de7eyssi qoncce gididi de7ees. Scupin (2003) qonccisida mala, woga guussay
walakettidaba gididi issi dererethanne de7iya era, ammano, meeziya, higgenne hiilla h.h.m bessiyaba.
Ha eranchcha qofa tillayiya wode, wogi issi deretetha giddon kanchche beettiyabanne go7ettiyaba
gidishin, oona gida deretetha gidikkoka meezetishe gam7idaba guussi. Hessa guussay, masqqala
bonchcho kaassaynne muussa ushsha woga hanotay daroppe deretethara meezetishe gam7idaba gideyssa
qonccisees guussi.
2.2 Masqqala Bonchcho KaassaWoga
Masqqala bonchcho kaassa wogay koyro masqqala wodey gakkishin sinthara ufayettishe bidi daamera
Gusttama 16 kessi simmishin yoo…yoo daanaw daana gishe:
Deriyaada daana,
Mithaada daana,
Albba zumaada daana,
Wogga wolaada daana,
Kenchcho zooziyaada daana,
Xangga woyshaada daana, gishe kaassa doomidi bidi masqqalay wurana gaso 7 gallasata
ubba wode hose, bayde yeethata yeexxishe kaa7oosona (Belay, 2009).

12. 5
2.3 Masqqala Bonchcho Wode Muussa Woga
Masqqala bonchcho wode muussa wogay daamera xomppey 10_12 gaso kessi simmiko, macca assay
son baaccira woykko shenddera kathiko issi soo assay wolibolla shiiqi issi gafaten (leematen) moosona.
Gujjidikka, bidi masqqalay wurana gaso asho, soollo, gade boye shoorotara, laggetaranne hara dabbotara
qabalen yuuyidi wolira moosona.
2.4 Masqqala Bonchcho wode Ushsha Woga
Masqqala bonchcho wode uyettiya ushshati: Geesho parsso, bordde parsso, bushbbusho parssonne h.h.m
gidishin, ha7i wode qassi uyettiya ushshati: Miirindda, biira, araqenne h.h.m ushsha woga
go77ettoosona. Masqqala bonchcho wogay Wolaytha heeran laythi lame geetettidi (Gifaata) giya mala
Mahamedi Hamisa giigisida maxaafa bolla qonccisis. Gifaata guussay koyro woykko bayra geyssa ha
maxaafa giddon wothis (Mehamed =23) laythi baawa. Yeeme deretetha baggara yoo baale Somagori,
Misa, Habebu giya malanne Saama guussay salo babisiya Xoossa, Misa guussay dicha gidishin, Habebu
guussay qassi laythas koyro ageena woykko mitha (maata ciishsha) ageena gidoyssa Yeeme deretetha
taarikey giya mala maxaafa giddon wothis ( እነ ወንድማገኝ ፣ 142 ) laythay erettenna (wothibenna).
Sidaama gaden masqqala bonchchonne muussa ushsha hanotay (Cambalaala) goosona. Oroomo gaden
Iirechcha (እሬቻ) bonchchettiya qamma goosona. Hessaka laytha lame gidi laythan Gusttama ageenay
gelida mela dere bolla keyidi sarotethinne laythi gujettana mala gidi ola wode xoono demmanaasinne
panttana olay qohenna mela gidi woossoosona (ሚሊዮን ፣ 48) laytha wothibenna.
2.5 Masqqala WogayBnchchettiya Gaasota
Ha wogay bonchchettana mala udiya hanotatappe uugati: masqqalay gakkanaappe sinthan de7iya
ageenan iray daridi, hayqoy, haathi di7idi daro metota medhdhiya gisho, hargge, daday wodhdhidi
wodhiyaba gisho koshay saamoy waayethiya hanota laythaa pinthana mala woossees. Asay kase Xoossa
masqqaliya hayqqida anha bolla bessin qaaxxida wodiyappe doomidi woossin ashshees guussan
ammanettida laythappe laytha pinthiya gisho Gusttama ageena 16 gallasan gallasan bonchchettishe
de7eyssi qoncce. Gebire (1993) qonccisida mala, masqqala wogay bonchchettiya gaasoy Yesuusa
Kiristtoosa suuthaara de7iya masqqaley bookettidi keyana mala oothidaara Oroome kawee Hilleni
baggara gidishin, ha masqqaley daro made immees gidi he woden de7iya asaappe doomidi
bonchchoosona.

13. 6
SHEMPPO HEEDZA
3. PILGGETHA OOSO HIILLA
Ha kifiliyan pilgganchchay go77ettanaw koyida pilggetha medhuwa, bessinddo, pilggethay oosettiya
deretetha, markkanddo shiisho miisheta, markkanddo paatetha oge, pilggetha ooso siraata, pilggetha
ammanetethanne suuretetha, markkanddo xaafo oykkis.
3.1 Pilggetha Medhuwa
Ha pilgganchchay doorida kaara bolla qonccenne suure gidida demo demmanaw xomooso pilggetha
medhuwa go77ettis. Ha pilggetha hiillay paydoninne qaalan paatettiya pilggethas injjeteyssape
denddidayssan pilgganchchay ha hiilla bolla oothana. Xomooso pilggetha hiillay issi oothiya meto
qoridi kessanaw maaddiya hiilla (Kothar, 2004).
3.2 Bessinddo Dooro Hiillanne Bessinddo Dooretetha
Pilgganchchay oothiya kumetha Goofa deren de7iya heera ubbaa gidishin, maaddananne markkanddo
demmana giya ammanetethan heedzu (3) woradatan: Uba Debire Tsehaye, Zaalanne Gezze Goofa
woradatan qoppobaa baaso udidi bessinddo dooro hiilla go77ettis. Dooriya gaasoykka, woradatan attida
hara Goofa yuusho deretethape daro baggay beetteyssanne gadhanne gezze heera meezeti hanotan
xomoosana melanne markkanddos lo77o pultto gididi maaddana geetettidi qofettees. Ha heedzu
woradatappe nam77u nam77u wogan erettida qabaletan bessinddo eko ogen Uba Debire Tsehayeppe
Sheele Bunenne Uba Yala qabale. Zaala woradappe: Galxxanne Gayla qabalenne Gezze Goofappe
Jawulanne Ankko qabaleppe suure markkanddo demmanaw koyis. Hayssan pilgganchchay paw
injjetana mela Goofa dere kojjana geetettidi qofettida Uba Debire Tsehaye, Zaalanne Gezze Goofa
heerappe doorettida usuppun (6) qabaleta gidishin, gujankka, heedzu woradata woganne turiizime kawo
gahetetha oosanchchatappe doorettida hiillay qommon de7eyssappe dummatenna ogen qoppoba baaso
udidi bessinddo doori eko hiillan xaafo keetha oosanchchatappe markkanddo ekkanaw koyis. Kumethan,
ha markkanddo pulttotappe pilgganchchay qoppobaa baaso udidi bessinddo doori eko hiillan
markkanddo ha heedzu woradatappe usuppun (6) qabaletan oothanaw koyidi issuwape issuwape tammu
(10) asata qoppobaa baaso oothidi bessinddo doori eko hiillan go77ettis.
3.3 Markkanddo Shiisho Miisheta
Ha pilggethas bessiya markkanddo wozana mela shiishanaw kaalliya markkanddo shiisho miisheta
go7ettana. Ha markkanddo shiisho miisheti koyro pulttoppenne nam77antho pulttoppe shiishana. Koyro
pultto markkanddoy pilggethas doorettida bessinddotappe gidishin, nam77antho markkanddoy dumma
dumma ogen masqqala bonchcho wode kaassatanne muussa ushsha woga qonccisiya xuufetappe ekettis.
Pilgganchchay pa qoppobaa baaso udidi pa pilggethaa zawa gathanaw dandda7iya markkanddo shiisho
miisheta go77ettana. Hessatikka: qaala oysha, xuufe oyshanne wuda cuga dere tobbanne xaafetti uttida
miishetappe shaakki xomoosanaas koyis.

14. 7
3.3.1 Qaala Oysha
Ha qaala oyshati pilgganchchay paw giigisida gidishin, oyshati paydon ichchasha (5) gidishin, ha
oyshatakka heedzu woradatappe doorettida usuppun qabaletan de7iya ciire gidida asatappe issi issi
qabaleppe oyddu oyddu asata kumetha asaappe go77ettis. Ha markkanddo shiisho miishey
zaaranchchatara som77on gaketethan polettana ( Allen, 1843). Ha markkanddo shiisho miishey tillanne
tumatethi de7ana mala kooshe duuqonne pooto go77ettidi shiishanaw qoppiya gisho, pilgganchchay
suure markkanddoy beettana gidi qoppis.
3.3.2 Xuufe Oysha
Ha pilgganchchay paw oorathi giigisida gordda oyshata heedzu woradatappe doorettida woganne
turiizime xaafo keetha tammanne nam77u (12) oosanchchatappe gade woga eriya asatappe xuufe
dandda7eyssatas shiishanaw koyis. Oyshatikka paydon tamma gidishin, ha asati zaarida oyshati
markkanddos maaddana gidi pofettis.
3.3.3 Wuda Cuga Tobba
Pilgganchchay wuda deretetha tobbas haniya issoy issoy hosppun yari de7iya heedzu cuga medhdhidi
tobba kaaraa sima qoppoba issuwappe oysho, issuwappe issuwappe qofa pulttisanaada udidi giigisanaw
qoppees. Gijjidikka, ha cuga tobbay pilgganchchay doorida heedzu woradatan usuppun qabaletappe
heedzu qabaletan medhettana. Smith nne Jhon ( 2014) qonccisida mala, ha markkanddo shiisho hanotay
doorettida kaara bolla de7iya metuwaas suure markkanddo demmanaw cugan wolira tobbidi giigisanaw
dandda7ees gidosona. Pilgganchchay wuda cuga tobba wode cugatas oysha shiishees, ubba cugay gina
qofa immana mala koyeesinne zaaranchchatara lo77o gahetethi medhdhanaw qoppis.
3.3.4 Xaafetti Uttida Miisheta ShaakkiXeelo
Pilgganchchay ha markkanddo shiisho ogetan doorettida Goofan Uba Debire Tsahayen, Zaalaninne
Gezze Goofa woradatan de7iya heedzu woganne turiizime xaafo keethatan xaafettidi uttida
markkanddota shaakki xomoosanaw qoppis.
3.4 Pilggetha Ammanetethanne Suuretetha
Pilgganchchay ha markkanddo shiisho miisheta ooso bolla peeshshanaw koyidi ammanetethaa paacci
be7anaw heedzu doorettida woradatappe kaaraara gakettiya Goofan de7iya oyddu oyddu gade woga
eranchchata oyshon ammanetethanne suuretetha markkanddo go77ettanaw qoppees. Markkanddo
shiisho miisheta suuretethinne ammanetethi tillayoy issi pilggetha oosos geeshshatethi naagisanaw
dandda7ees (ያለዉ ፣ 2009). Pilgganchchay pa pilggetha suuretethay naagettana mela oosettiya oosota
ubbaa woden woden zoraaddiyara gahetethan qofa ekoninne giigison oothishenne oosuwas suuretetha
bolla qofa wothees.
3.5 Markkanddo Paatetha Hiilla
Pilgganchchay pa pilggetha nam77u ogen paattanaw koyees. Koyro shiiqiya markkanddota qaalan
paattanaw koyees. Hessatikka: qaala oyshaninne wuda cuga tobban beettida markkanddota qaalaninne

15. 8
qoncciso hiillan paattanaw koyees. Gujan, xuufe oyshatan beettiya markkanddota paydoninne qaalan
paattanaw koyees. Ha ogiyan xuufen shiiqida markkanddoti paydon zara giddon uttidi paatettishin,
qaalaninne wuda cuga tobban shiiqida markkanddoti qaalan paatettanaw koyis.
3.6 Pilggetha Ooso Maara
Pilgganchchay pa qoppoba zawayanaw ha oosuwas de7iya sinth-guye maara naaganaw koyees. Kaallidi,
zaaretho xuufeta xomooso hiilla, bessinddo dooro hiillanne h.h.m maarata naagon pa oosuwa polis.
3.7 Pilggetha OososShiiqo Kanddo
Pilgganchchay markkanddo shiishiya wode lo77o kanddo bessiya hanotan shiiqanaw qoppees.
Gaasoykka, pilggethas tillatethi, geeshshatethi de7ana mela pilgganchchappe naagettiya kanddota
ma7idi shiiqanaw pilgganchchay giigettees. Ha kanddotappeka: lo77o mayo ma7o, qoppoba suure
hanotan qoncciso abbey de7o koyees, qofa pulttiso wolqqinne markkanddo pulttota ufayssishe,
kaassishenne walloyishe wurssethan qaalata imon shaakettiya hanotan polis. Hara baggara markkanddo
pulttota xuura gidin zoraadde asttamaare zoreiya naagon pa pilggethaa polis.

16. 9
SHEMPPO OYDDA
4 MARKKANDDO PAATETHINNE BIRSHSHETHI
4.1 Xuufe Oyshan Shiiqida Markkanddota
Hayssan Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassata, meetettiyaa kathatanne uyettiyaa ushshata
xomoosanaas Goofan de7iyaa woradatappe Uba Debire Xahaye, Zaalanne Gezze Goofa Woganne
Turizime Xaafo Keethatan oyddu oyddu asastappe shiiqida gordda xuufe oyshota markkanddo paatetha
oykkis.
Zara:1 Zaaranchata Buzo Markkanddo
P.M Giddobatanne Mattumatetha Bessinddota Qooda 100%
1 Adde 12 100%
Macca 0 0%
Kumethi 12 100%
2 Doona billida doona
Goofatho 12 100%
Amaaratho 0 0%
Haraa 0 0%
Kumethi 12 100%
3 Woga meezeton gam77ida laytha (1_3) 6 50%
Woga meezeton gam77ida laytha (3ppe bolla) 6 50%
Kumetha 12 100%
Zara:2 Ha kifiliyan Goofa Gaze Masqqala Bonchcho wode kaassa, muussanne ushsha woga
xomoosanaas Woganne Turizime Xaafo keetha oosanchchatas shiiqida markkanddotappe xuufe oyshati
paatettis.
P.M Oyshota Zaarota Kumetha qooda 100%
1 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode
kaassati de7oonaa?
Ee 10 83%

17. 10
Akkay 2 17%
2 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode abba
asati kaassa kaa7oonaa?
Ee 7 58%
Akkay 5 42%
3 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode
meetettiyaa kathati erettidi de7oonaa?
Ee 9 75%
Akkay 3 25%
Qommon zara 2n oysha 1n zaaro immida 12 zaaranchatappe 10 (83%) asati Goofa Gaze
Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassati de7eyssa eenotan ekkishin, hara baggara keehi guutha woy 2 (17%)
zaaranchati ha oyshaa akkay gidosona. Kaallidi, Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassa hanotan
12 zaaranchatappe 7 (58%) ubba asi kaa7ees gin, 5 (42%) asati qassi akkaytethan qofa wothidosona.
Gujjidi 12 zaaranchatappe 9 (75%) ee giyaa kumetha zaaro immishin, 3 (25%) akkaytetha qofa
qonccisidosona. Ha paatethaa pilgganchay xeellishin, daro assay kaa7eyssanne meetettiyaa kathatikka
erettidi de7eyssa qonccisis.
Zara 3: Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassatas shiiqida oyshati kaalliyaa zaran paatettis.
P.M Oyshota Zaarota Kumetha qooda 100%
1 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode
kaa7ettiyaa kaassa qommmoti dummatidi
beettoonaa?
Ee 9 75%
Akkay 3 25%
2 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode ubba
asay guppidi kaa7oonaa?
Ee 10 83%
Akkay 2 17%
3 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaasas
go77i de7ii?
Ee 7 58%
Akkay 5 42%
Qommo zara 3n oysha qooda 1n Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaa7ettiya kaassa
qommoti dummati beettiyaako guussan shiiqida oyshaas 12 asatappe 9 (75%) zaaro immishe eenotethan
ekkishin, hara baggara 3 (25%) akkaytethan qofaa qonccisidosona. Kaallidi, qassi oyshata Goofa Gaze
Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassa ubba asay guppidi kaa7oonaa? Giyaa oyshaas 10 (83%) zaaranchati
ubba asay guppidi kaa7ees gidi eenotethan zaarishin qooda guutha 2 (17%) zaaranchati akkaytethan
zaaro immidosona. Gujan, zara 3n oysha qooda 3n de7iyaa oyshatas 7 (58) zaaranchati Goofa Gaze
Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassaas go77i de7ii? Geyssas eenotethan zaarishin qoodan guuxxiyaa 5
(42%) zaaranchati akkaytethan qonccidosona.

18. 11
Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassata kaa7ishe kayottida asaa minthethidi kaassa giddon
ekkidi kaa7iyaa hanoti de7ees. Giyan kantho kaassa gidi gelidi yeexxishe pee7idi eko-gelota polidi
beettees. Gujan wolira kacettida asaaka sigethidi loythiyaa hanotati keehidi de7iyaa gisho pilgganchchay
ha kaassa giddon go7i de7eyssa xomoosis.
4.2 Qaala OyshatanShiiqida Markkanddota Paatethi
Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassata, muussanne ushsha hanotata shaakkanaas doorettida
ciire cimatas shiiqida oyshata gidishin, qoodan 24 ciire cimati cugan cugan sunthettidosona. Hessatikka
cuga A,B,C,D,Enne,F gidishin oyshti hayssape kaalleyssa gidees.
1. Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassa qommoti awssatee? giyaa oyshas zaarancha cuga
A,B,C,D,Enne F immida zaaroti: koyro “yoo…yoo, mithaadan daana, shuchadan daana,
deriyaada daana, Albba zumaada daana, wogga wolaada daana, Kencho zooziyaadz daananne
Xangga woyshaada daana” yaagishe yeexxoosona. Qassi aqidikka gallasan gallasan bidi 7 gallasi
gakkana gaso haase, hose, gaashe, laale yeethi, bayed, naasho, gisollenne uttidi Baaranche
yeexxidi kaa7oosona gidi qonccidisona. Ha kaassa kaa7iyaa asay dalgga gidoyssa pilgganchay
xomoosis.
2. Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode meetettiyaa katha qommoti ayba aybee? Giyaa oyshas
zaarancha cuga A,B,D,E nne F immida zaaroy: Gusttama ageena 17 gallasa xomppe tama kessi
simmidi guuthi gam77ishe koyro wode shenddera, 2tho wodeppe doomidi soollo, ashonne gade
boye gidi qonccisidosana. Zaarancha cuga C hara qommo kathati boyna, pilanne koosethi gijjidi
moosona gidi qofa immidosona.
3. Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode uyettiyaa ushshati awssa awssee? Giyaa oyshaas cuga
zaaranchati A,B,D, nne F zaaro immidayssati: bode parsso, geesho parsso, bushbusho, haraqe,
cajje, agettida eessa parssonne bootha haraqe gidi qonccisidosona. Hara baggara cuga C nne E
zaaro immida Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode lasllaassa, oronjjenne kinniitto gidi
wothidosona. Pilgganchay kumethan oysha 3s zaaranchati immidayssa xeelliyaa wode Goofa
Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode asa usha wogay asa duussa bollanne de7o hanota bolla zemppidi
daro gatey cigettin oosetteyssape bidi guutha miishen oosettiyaa usha qommoti giigidi uyetteyssa
qonccisees. Gujjidikka, Masqqala bonchcho wode shiiqiyaa ushsha qommoti wodey lame
hanotata kaallidi bini wode ushsha qommotappe doomidi ha7i wode paabirkki ehida ushsha
qommotakka shiisheyssa bessees.
4.3 Wudattida Cuga Tobba Markkanddo
1. Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassata, muussatanne ushata xomoosanaas wuda cuga
tobban hashetida 6n yaran yaran de7iyaa 3 cugan moodettidi pantta qaa7en qaa7en shiiqida gade

19. 12
cimatappe markkanddoti shiiqidi bessinddos gididi paatettis. Ha 3 cuga tobbanchatas
sunthatikka: A,B nne C geetettidi doorettidosona. Zaaranchatas shiiqida oyshati Goofa Gaze
Masqqala bonchcho wode kaa7ettiyaa kaassati ayba aybee? Giyaa oysha zaaranchata cugati A,
B nne C immida zaarotikka: Masqqala xomppe tamay keyi simmiko yoo…yoo daanaw daana…
mithaadan daana, shuchadan daana, deriyaada daana, Albba zumaada daana, wogga wolaada
daana, Kencho zooziyaadz daananne Xangga woyshaada daana” yaagishe yeexxoosona gishe
yexxoosona. Qassi aqidikka wonttape bidi Masqqalay moyzettana gaso haase, hose, gaashe,
bayed ii7e, laale gisollenne uttidi baaranche kaassaa kaa7eyssa qonccisidosona. Ha kaassa
qommoti Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaa7ettiyaa kaassata gideyssa pilgganchay pa
xeelo hanotaara gathidi xeellis.
2. Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode meetettiyaa kathati awssatee? Giyaa oyshaas zaarancha
cuga A, B nne C immida zaaroti “Masqqala xomppe tamay keyi simmidi guuthi gam7ishe koyro
wode ubba assay pason pason shenddera moosona, aqidi soollo, asho, gade boyenne pila de7iyaa
assay moosona.” Gidi qonccisidosona.
3. Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode uyettiyaa ushati ayba aybee? Giyaa oyshaas cuga
tobbanchati qonccisida mela, cuga A, B nne C immida zaaroti beni wode ushati: geesho, parsso,
bordde parsso, bushbbushe, haraqe, cajje, agettida eessa parssonne bootha haraqe gidishin ha7i
wode tekinoloojjey ehida ushatikka: biira, laslaassa, oronjjenne kinniitto hayssati uyettoosona
gidi qonccisidosona. Pilgganchay Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode beni wode ushatinne
ha7i tekinoloojjey ehida ushati uyettishe de7eyssa keehidi xomoosis.
4.4 Xaafettidi Uttida Miisheta Paatethi
Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassata, muussanne usha shaakki xomoosos xaafettidi uttida
miisheti Woganne Turiizime Xaafo keethatappe maxaafa nabbabidi dumma dumma Orttodokise taarike
maxaafatappenne Dirssaane maxaafatappe bessinddo gididi shiiqidabata paatethan wothis. Hessatikka:
koyro Masqqala boncho kaassa domethabaa shemppo nam77an qonccisida mala, Masqqala kaassa
wogay Isira7eele deren Akisuume kawiyaa Hilleeni Geeshsha Ayyaanan kiitettada Yesuusa Kiristtoosi
kaqettidi hayqqida Masqqaley dhayidayssa bookisada 326 M.L uttidayssa kessin anha bolla Masqqaliyaa
wothin qaaxxidi benttida gisho assay ufayssa qonccisishe be7anaw yishe xomppe ekkidi yidayssape
doomodi boncho daamaray doomettidayssa qonccisis (ሉሰ ፣ 1936).
Haraa qassi, Goofa heeraa ekkidi bonchetethi doomiday koyro Oroome Ola gaason Geeshsha Xoossa
Taabotiyaa Gezze Goofa woradan Jawula qabalen Dijisa lama (1803) gelssi simmin qeeseti daamara
keso doomin enttara yida Amaarati wilibolla gididi boncho oykkin heeran de7yaa assay he Orttodokise
ammano gelida asaykka shiiqettidi boncho doomidosona.
Kaallidi, Goofa Zaala woradatan Galxxa qabalen Dajasalame (1812) Geesha Maarami Taabotey geli
simmin assay qassika qeesetaranne heeran de7iyaa asay meezetethape doomidi boncho oykkidi hayssa
gakkanaw heerappe hara heera heerakko pinni bis gidi koyro aawatappe aadhdhidaba ha7i ciire cimati
wothoosona. Hayssape guye (ሉሰ ፣ 1936) Orttodokise woosa keethata ubban xaafettidi uttida taarike
maxaafati de7eyssi qoncce gididayssa pilgganchay gakkidi xeellida hanotata qonccisis. Woganne
Turiizime xaafo keethape xuufe markkanddo xeellishin,issi era bitaney 12 woggagira tuussi essidi

20. 13
balggo ira ageenay aadhdhiko paw qoppidabay aadhdhin asaa heerappe shiishidi keethaa caacidi Gaze
Masqqala gidi sunthidi doomettis giyaa xuufey (በላይነህ አሰጉ፣ 2009) Goofa woga maxaafaa bolla
de7eyssi qoncce. Gidoppe attin, ikka Orttodokisera kaalettidi yidayssa bochidi xaafettis.
Hara baggara he maxaafiyan kaa7ettiyaa kaassa qommoti,meetettiyaa katha qommotinne uyettiyaa
ushsha qommoti paatettida markkanddon de7eyssi maxaafaa giddon de7ees. Ha Masqqala boncho
wogay benippe gam7ida gisho gade ciire cimati wuda cuga tobbanchati ubbati eriyaa woga gidida gisho
gina gina zaaro immidosona. Gujjidikka, ooratha afila shammidi ma77eyssa qonccisidosona. Cima assay
gishe, aykkoy lo77iko waanii giikko sa7i Masqqala goosona geyssanttara gujjidi pilgganchay akeekan
kaalli xeellidayssa paatti qonccisis.
4.5 Demota
Kumethi ha pilggetha oosuwan pilgganchay xuufe oyshon, qaala oyshon, wudattida cuga tobbaninne
xaafettidi uttida miisheta paatethan shiiqida markkanddoti paattidaanne birshidayssa gidishin, kaalliyaa
demota shaakkidi wothanaas dandda7is. Hessatikka:
 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bincho wode kaa7ettiyaa kaassti, meetettiyaa kathatinne uyettiyaa ushati
de7oosona.
 Goofa Gaze Masqqala binchoy woga buqura gididi kaassa qommoti yoo…yoo daanaw daana…
mithaadan daana, shuchadan daana, deriyaada daana, Albba zumaada daana, wogga wolaada
daana, Kencho zooziyaadz daananne Xangga woyshaada daana giyaa kaassatinne haase, hose,
gaashe, laale yethati, gisolle bayde, ii7enne baaranche kaassati Woganne Turuuzime xaafo
keethan xaafettidi uttis.
 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bincho wode beni ushati: geesho parsso, bordde parsso, haraqe, cajje
bushbbushonne bootha haraqe gidishin ha7i paabirkkay ehida ushati qassi biira, lasllaassa,
kinniittonne oronjje.
 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bincho wode meetettiyaa katha qommoti: shenddera, soollo, ashonne gade
boye gideyssi qoncce.
 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bincho wode asay issipetethan meyssi, uyeyssinne kaa7eyssi; qassika asay
kayottida asaa minthethiyaa hanotati de7eyssi beettis.
 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bincho wode Goofan kanche gidonnashin alame dethan bonchettees.

21. 14
SHEMPPO ICHASHA
5 KUUSHSHANNE OGE BESOTA
5.1 KUUSHSHA
Ha shemppoy pilggethaas dumma dumma kifiletappe beettida markkanddota paatethinne birshshethape
demmidabata kuushsha qofatanne sinthape hananaw bessiyaabata shiishi oykkis. Ha pilggetha oosoy
Goofa, Uba Debire Tsehayen, Zaalaninne Gezze Goofa woradatan polettiya Goofa Gaze Masqqala
bonchcho wode kaassanne muussa ushsha woga xomooso bolla polettis. Pilgganchay ha kaaraa bolla
oothanaadan denthethida gaasoy Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassay, muussanne ushsha
wogati leppishe biyaa gisho ha7i yeletaa giddon daro meezetidi beettana mala giyaaban qoppidi polis.
Ha denthethida gaasotan zemppidi Goofa, Uba Debire Tsehayen, Zaalaninne Gezze Goofa woradatan
polettiya Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassata, muussatanne ushata xomoosis. Pilgganchay
pa pilggetha oosuwaas injjetana gidi walaka (mixed) pilggetha medho go77ettiis. Pilgganchay Goofa
zoonen heedzu (3) woradatappe bessinddo doori ekkidi markkanddo shiishis. Markkanddo shiishos
go77ettida miishetikka: xuufe oysho, qaala oysho, wudattida cuga tobbanne xaafetti uttida miisheta
paatethi. Ha shiiqida markkanddotappe xuufe oyshatayssa xuufen zara giddon xeetu kusheppe paatettis.
Wurssethan xaaxi waaxishin, Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassa qommoti, muussa usha
wogatinne dumma dumma minthetho wogati de7oosona. Hayssa gisho, Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho
wode bonchettey qassi Goofa heeran kanche gidonnashin alame dethankka polettes.
5.2 OGE BESOTA
Issi deren dumma dumma wogati de7oosona. Ha wogatappe issoy Masqqala bonchcho gidishin, ha
hanotay issi deres de7iyaa dummatiyaa woga qonccisanaw dandda7ee. Hayssa bolla guja oge besotikka:
 Goofa Gaze Masqqalay cuucumettonna woga buqura gideyssa eridi ubba Goofa yeletay akeeko
bessees.
 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaa7ettiyaa kaassati, meetettiyaa katha qommoti,
uyettiyaa usha qommotinne woli minthetho wogi de7eyssa yeletay akeeko koshshees.
 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode wogay poliyaa issipetetha hanotata wudan gelsson ubba
Goofa lakkaytoti meezeto bessees.
 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode polettiyaa wogaa mayza ma77epe yidabata kaalliyaa
yeletay dogonna polo bessees.
 Goofan, Uba Debire Tsehayen, Zaalaninne Gezze Goofa woradatan de7iya Gaze Masqqala
bonchcho maaray issipetethan Goofa Gaze Masqqala boncho woganne siraata gideyssa woga
xaafo keethay gidin tamaarida asati wudan gelsso koshshees.
 Kumethan Goofa yeletay Goofa Gaze Masqqala boncho wogay hayqqonna malanne dhayonna
mala loythidi naago bessees.

22. 15
Markka Maxaafata
Balaynne, G. (2005). Goofa Dere Asaa Taarikenne Woga (1tho yuusho attamo). Rela
attamo keetha: Addis Ababa.
Edward, T. (1871). Performing Arts Journal 401_13. No.1 (Jan, 1991), pp.21_42.
Kothari, C. (2004). Method and Techniques of Research (2nd) New age international
publisher: New York.
Scupin, S. (2003). Definition of culture. New York: Teachers College Press.
Tokaashe, T. (2008). Dawro masqqala bonchcho woga xomooso. 2tho digire Arbba
Mincce Yunibberssitte: Arbba Mincce.
መምህር ሉሌ መላኩ (1936):: የኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ቤተክርስቲያን፣ አዲስ አበባ ማተሚያ
ቤት::
በላይነህ አሰጉ ሙኩሎ (2009):: እሴኒ ማተሚያ ቤት::
ብርሃኑ ገብረ አማኑኤል (1991):: የኢትዮጵያ ተዋህዶ ቤተክርስቲያን፣ የጋልጻ ኦርቶዶክስ ቤተክርሰቲያን ታርክ
መጽሐፍ፣ አዲስ አበባ ማተሚያ ቤት::
ያለዉ እንዳወቅ፣ (2009):: የምርምር መሠረታዊ መርሆችና አተገባበር :: 3ኛ ዕትም፣ ባህር ዳር ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ ንግድ
ማተሚያ ቤት::
ገብረ ስላሴ (1991):: አዲስ አበባ አቢያተ ቤተክርስቲያን:: አክሱም ማተሚያ ቤት::

23. 16
Guja Qoncciso-1
Bessinddota buzo markkanddo
ARBBA MINCCE YUNIBBERSSITTE
DERETETHA SAYNISSENNE ASA ALLALLIYA KOLLOOJJEN TOPHPHIYA
DOONATANNE BILA XUUFE MACARAN GOOFATHO DOONANNE BILA
XUUFE TIMIRTTE KIFILE
Zaaranchata Buzo Markkanddo
P.M Giddobatanne Mattumatetha Bessinddota Qooda 100%
1 Adde
Macca
Kumethi
2 Doona billida doona
Goofatho
Amaaratho
Haraa
Kumethi
3 Woga meezeton gam77ida laytha (1_3)
Woga meezeton gam77ida laytha (3ppe bolla)
Kumetha

24. 17
Guja Qoncciso-2
Woganne Turizime Xaafo keetha oosanchchatas shiiqida xuufe oyshanne paatethaa
ARBBA MINCCE YUNIBBERSSITTE
DERETETHA SAYNISSENNE ASA ALLALLIYA KOLLOOJJEN TOPHPHIYA
DOONATANNE BILA XUUFE MACARAN GOOFATHO DOONANNE BILA
XUUFE TIMIRTTE KIFILE
Woganne Turizime Xaafo keetha oosanchchatas shiiqida xuufe oyshanne paatethaa
Ha kifiliyan Goofa Gaze Masqqala Bonchcho wode kaassa, muussanne ushsha woga xomoosanaas
Woganne Turizime Xaafo keetha oosanchchatas shiiqida markkanddotappe xuufe oyshati paatettis.
P.M Oyshota Zaarota Kumetha qooda 100%
1 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode
kaassati de7oonaa?
Ee
Akkay
2 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode abba
asati kaassa kaa7oonaa?
Ee
Akkay
3 Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode
meetettiyaa kathati erettidi de7oonaa?
Ee
Akkay

25. 18
Guja Qoncciso-3
Qaala Oyshata
ARBBA MINCCE YUNIBBERSSITTE
DERETETHA SAYNISSENNE ASA ALLALLIYA KOLLOOJJEN TOPHPHIYA
DOONATANNE BILA XUUFE MACARAN GOOFATHO DOONANNE BILA
XUUFE TIMIRTTE KIFILE
Qaala Oyshata
1. Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassa qommoti awssatee?
2. Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode meetettiyaa katha qommoti ayba aybee?
3. Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode uyettiyaa ushshati awssa awssee?

26. 19
Guja Qoncciso-4
Wudattida Cuga Tobba Markkanddo
ARBBA MINCCE YUNIBBERSSITTE
DERETETHA SAYNISSENNE ASA ALLALLIYA KOLLOOJJEN TOPHPHIYA
DOONATANNE BILA XUUFE MACARAN GOOFATHO DOONANNE BILA
XUUFE TIMIRTTE KIFILE
Wudattida Cuga TobbaMarkkanddo
1. Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode kaassata, muussatanne ushata xomoosanaas wuda cuga
tobban hashetida 6n yaran yaran de7iyaa 3 cugan moodettidi pantta qaa7en qaa7en shiiqida gade
cimatappe markkanddoti shiiqidi bessinddos gididi paatettis.
2. Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode meetettiyaa kathati awssatee?
3. Goofa Gaze Masqqala bonchcho wode uyettiyaa ushati ayba aybee?