BA Senior Essay

1. 1
SHEMPPO ISSINNO
ERISO
1.1.PILGGETHA METUWA ESUWA
Wogi deriya oonatethaa qonccissiya dere shalo gidishin he wogaa shiishidi pilggetha oothiya
macaray fookuloore geetettees. Fokuloorey oyddu bertte bessatan moodettees. Hayssatikka; bila
odata, dere woga hiillata , dere asa meezeta, dere woga buqurata shiishi oyqees (Doson,1972)
wogaba shiishidi pilggethi oothiya era macaray pokloore geetettees. Fookloore geetettiya qaalaa
koyro wode go7etethi doomiday Ingliize gadae yeleta Wiiliyam John Thoms 1846n “Athenaum”
geetettiya maxaafiya xaafishe go7ettis. Fooklooren alame yuushon pilggetha oosoy doomettiday
1960 ppe guye gideyssa markkandoti bessoosona (Schipper,2009)
Fookloorey aadhdhida meezeppe denddon hachiyssanne wontto hanotaba bessiyaba gidiya gisho
hessappe kase hani aadhdhida hanotati ooratha poklooreti medhettanaadaninne kaalliya
wodetaskka aadhdhanaada maaddoosona. Ha hanotati qassi kase aadhdhida cugatappe
(deretethatappe) medhettidayssata gididi moodenne moode gidonna ogen ha77i de7iya
cugatakko aadhdhidayssata (Solomon,2007).
Fooklooretikka kase deretethappe ha77i yeletethako aadhey ha77i wodiyan beettiya deretetha
koshshaanne meeziya qonccissanaw danda7eyssata gidishina (Solomon, 2007).
Fookloorey moode gidonna ogen yeletappe yeletakko aadhetha ogiyaba be7ishin moode gidida
eqotatan woykko timirtte keethatan gelidi hara ogera qassi maxaafeta nabbabidi demmiya
eratetha gidonnshin nu laggetappe, soo asatappe, diccida heeratappenne hara fookiloore
cugatappe tamaarettiyaba( Martin,2005)
Ha macara eranchati fookloore oyddu bertte macaran shaakkoosona. Hessatikka; dere woga, bila
oda, dere woga meezenne dere woga hiilla ( Doson,972)
Ha oyddu fookloore qommotappe dere asaa meeze wogaa bolla ha pilggethay oothees. Meeze
woga guussay qaalan odettishenne kahan ammanettishe yeletappe yeletakko aadhdhiya dumma

2. 2
dumma allaaleta gis Taddese,(2007).Gujankka ammano malla giya qaala birshishe dere asa
giddon issibaas woykko hanotatas kojettidi eqqida miishe,paydo,medho,qalamenne h.h.m bata
shiishi oykkees (Taadese,2009)
Ha meeze wogaa ha wodiyara gathi xeellishin teknoolojey immiya go77atara geeddarettiya
hanotan xeelettanaw danda7ees. Metroolojje haggaazay ayyeere haarobaa odeyssa mela wogaa
meezeykka mallas iri bukkanaw woykko awi ke7anaw dumma dumma yuushuwan
akeekettiyabata baaso udidi kaayoosona(koyrottidi malloosona) (Daniel,2008)
Ha pilggethaa wuday deriya giddon ubba wode polettiya didirxxata, wodiya laameta, kayonne
ufayssata, koshanne kalo laythata, qan77enne dhubeta hayqonne de7obata sinthatidi mallanaw,
paatethi immanawnne gaaso shiishanaw kase bayratappe laattida mino meezeynne malaata wogi
de7ees. He wogaa wozanan wothi xeellishin aadhaa taarikanawnne wonttoyssa kaayanaw
woykko koyrottidi odanaw maaddes. Hessa mela kaayethati woykko sinthabaa koyrottidi odo
meezeti nu yuushuwan medhettiyabatara oykkettidi polettiyaba gis (Daniel,2007)
Hayssa xalla gidonnashin dumma dumma dere asa allaalletan ha meezetida wogay bochonna
allaalley baawa. Ha woga meezey ha77i wode saynssenne teknoolojje eraynne muruutay
medhettaappe sinthe deriyara gam77ida dere shalo(Daniel,2008)
Tesfaye,(2001) woga meezey issi dere asaa shalo gididi kase aawatappe laatettishe hachiko
gakkidabaa gidishin Goofa dere asaa giddon meezetida wogaanne ammano mallata xomoosanaas
ha pilggethay dendo udees. Ha paydin wuronna woga meezetappe he dere asaan asi hayqqanaw
woykko yeehoy ke7ana, koshi ke7anawnne torchey yaanaw yuushon hanettiyabata xeelon
koyrottidi malliyanne kaayiya wogata xomooso ooso oothanaassa. Ha didirxxay medhettanaappe
koyrottidi maloy immiya go77i de7ees. Hessika; issi asi heeran harggidi woykko dano gaason
haqqanaw matidi de7iya hanotay medhettishin heeran beettiya issi issi medheta laametan,
do7atanne meheta waasuwan he harggancha bolla beettiya laamiyan katidi ha bitaney haqyqoppe
attonnayssa odoosona. Hessika heeraa asaynne soo asay koyrottidi panttana giigissana mela,
hayqqidi yobbonna melanne deriyan miicettonna mela sinthatidi akeekana mela maaddees gis
Goofa yeeho wogaaba xaafida attamettonna qantha xuufiyan.

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1.2 Metuwa Qonccisuwa
Wogi deriya oonatethaa qonccissiya dere shalo gidishin he wogaa shiishidi pilggetha oothiya
macaray fookuloore geetettees. Fokuloorey oyddu bertte bessatan moodettees. Hayssatikka; bila
odata, dere woga hiillata , dere asa meezeta, dere woga buqurata shiishi oyqees (Doson,1972)
Fokuloore wogatape dere asa meeze wogatanne ammano mallata woykko miiliketa bolla wuda
wothidi polettiya pilggethi. Hessatikka; issi issi deretethata giddon medhettiya dumma dumma
didirxxatethatan zemppidi hessi hanikko kaallidi hessi hanana gidi sinthas yaanaw de7iya miilike
(ሚልክ) hara ogera dhubenne qan77ebaa kaayetha meeze geetettidixeegettees (Azeb,2007) .
Miilike guussay gade woga ammanotappe issuwa gidid dumma dumma hanotati woykko
malaatati de7iya deretetha birshetheppe denddidi sinthas hanana woy polettana geetettidi
qofettiya iita woy lo7o didirxxata oykkeeba,Ha dere asa woga ammanoy ase gakkiya
hanotatanne didirxxata baaso udidi sinthas gakkanaw woykko medhettanaw danda7iyanne
koyrottidi kaha birshethi immanaw (eranaw) oosettiya kaayethe (pridct) (Solomon, 2007)
Teshoome,(2001:4)miiliketa oyddu bessan shaakis. Hessatikka ahumo
birshethi,qan7e(ገድ),dhube(አንጋዳ)nne bita gis.
Ha pilggetha wuday nam77u miilike qommotappe qan77enne dhube bollana gidishin, Qan77ey
issi deretetha giddon lo77obay didrxxanaw woy gakkanaw dumma dumma malaatati yuushon
beetishin sinthas lo7obay gakkana geetettidi ammanettiya kaha ammanota qan77e gidi
xeegoos.Dhubey qassi dere asa giddon sinthas iitabay gakkana giya ammanon heeran beetiya issi
issi malaatatan zemppidi sinthas iitabay hanana gidi kaayetha dhube gidi fokuloore erancha
Teshoome Solomoney pa maxaafiyan shaye184n qonccisis.(Solomon,2007)
Ha qofa mallara gathidi xeelishin Baale Oroomo dere asa giddon kani nam77u tara bocciko
qan77e woykko lo7obay hanana geetetidi erettiya ammanoy de7ees.Haray qassi kani heedzu tara
zaari zaari boccikko iitabay hanana woy dhube geetettidi eretteyssa qonccisis(Solomon,2007)

4. 4
Nu heeran dalggan ha fokulooriya yuushon pilgethati oosettona attikonne Jermmene gaden he
gade miilike dhube woykko iitabay gakkanaw beettiya mallatappe kaalleyssata qonccisis.Entta
gade wogaa meezen kareetha gawarey oge qanxxi aadhishin,sinthe xeeliya mastootey
me7ishin,tammanne heedzu paydoy qopponna didirxxishin qan77enna woy dhube gidees
(Alios,2005).
Nam7antho pilpilhayhay Oroomo killilen Guji heera dere asa meezetida woga ammanuwa
giddon de7iya miiliketa xomooso oothis.Guji dere asa giddon dhube woy iita qaada gidi
ammanettiya meezetappe mela oto ba77ida maccasi oge qanxxi aadhishin,mela gabate caanida
harey ogen gakkishin qan77enna beesoy eqo gidenna giya meeziya pa pilggethan
xomoosis.(Dechasa,2009).
Ha pilganchay pa oosuwan dhube woy lo7obay gakkana gidi ammanettiya meezetappe Guji dere
asan wontta qan77era de7iya asi kushe meecisikko ,tukke doona mucidi keyikkonne bayratappe
cuchchi ekkidi keyikko lo7obay gakkees woykko qan7ees.(Dechasa,2009)
Ha pilggethan Goofa dere asa giddon meezetida wogatan daro wodes asaara gam7ida
miiliketappe heedzu qommota gishin asi hayqqanaw/yeehoy ke7anaw,koshi ke7anawnne
torchchey yaanaw yuushuwan aybi mallati akeekettii?geyssa shiishidi ha meezeti deryas immiya
go7ata xomosanaasaa.Ha pilggethas denddo gidida qofaykka qommon qonccida pilgganchati ha
meeziya bolla oothida pilgethan panta dere asan poleteyssa denthikonne go7aba dhoqqu udidi
bessibokkona hessa gisho ha oosuwan nam7u miiliketi deriyas immiya go7a gujjidi
xomoosanassa gidishin kirstinna ammanonne hiloha dicci dicci buusa gaason ha7i wode yeletati
pantta aawata wogaas besse dhayishe buussay;Goofa yuushon ha fokuloore yuushon pilggethati
oosettonayssinne ooratha allale gidoyssi;Dere asan ammanettishenne yeletakko aadhishe
gam77ida wogati woli bolla shiiqonanne issi qommo medho oyqqenayssi;Deriya giddon iitanne
lo7o ammano meezeta shaakonnashin ha wodiya ammanuwara gathidi ixoynne iita gidi qofoy
hapigethaas denddo gaaso gidis.Ha pilggetha Goofa dere asa woga meezetappe sinthas hananaa
lo7obaa (qan77e)nne iitaba(dhube)bolla iitabatappe yeehoy ke7anaw, koshi yaanawne lo7o
qan77ebaan torchchey haanaw heeran aybi akeeketeekoha meezey deriyas immiya go7ata
xomoosanaassa.

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Hayssa mela ayaana dere buqurati issi dere asas oonatethi qonccisiya hessapekka aadhidi
derey ha iita hanotati mallas:kosha laythay yaanappe koyrottidi ha malatay yuushuwan
akeekettiya ba gidikko dumma dumma naagetetha tangota ekkanawnne he metuwa teqqanaw
maaddees.kosha laythay yaanaw beetiya mallati yuushuwan akeeketyaba gidikko deretethay
katha minjoosona,ellesi gakkiya kathata zeroosonanne tokkoosona,gezze heera deretehay ooshi
wodhoosona uuthikka tokkoosona.Gujankka dumma dumma ogen he kosha laytha aadhanaw
hiila koyoosona.
Deretethan sinthas hananabaa koyrottidi kaayoy woy odoy gita bessi imettiya meeze gidiya
gishonne mino kaha ammanetethi de7eyssappe denddidayssan Goofa dere asaan yeehoy
ke7anaw,koshi ke7anawnne torchey yaanaw heeran shemppoy de7iyanne shemppoy bayinna
medhetata hanota laamiyayan,ayere haaro laamiyan,do7ata waasoninne bochan,mehetanne
kafota hanotata laamen zemppidi kaalidi ha heedzu didirxxati medhettanayssa odoosona.Ha
pilggethan goofa dere asan ha meeziyaas de7iya bessay ay aazii?,qommon qonccida didrxxati
medhettanappe koyrottidi beetiya malaatati aybee aybee geyssanne go7ata xomoosi shiishis.
Daniel Kibret,(2007) Alame wurssethannne malatata giya attametonna xuufiyan;hessa mela
kaayethati woy sinthabaa odati nu yuushon medhettiya batara oykettidi polettiyabaa gis.
1.3 Pilggetha Qoppoba
1.3.1Kumetha Qoppoba
Ha pilggetha bertte qoppobay Goofa dere asa meezetida woganne ammano mallata go77aa
shaaki xomooso.
1.3.2.Sima Qoppobata
 Goofa dere asaan meezetida woganne ammano mallatas de7iya bessaynne
ammanetethay ay aazekko xomooso.
 Goofa dere asa giddon meezetida wogatappe asi hayqqanaw woy yeehoy ke7anaw
koyrotti kaayo meezey deriya woga naagiso (bonchiso) baggara de7iya go7a xomooso.

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 Goofa dere asa giddon kosha laythi yaanayssa koyrottidi kaayo (sinthati odo) meezeti
dere asa issipetetha baggara imiya go7a pilggi xeelo.
 He heeran torchey yaanaw heeran akeekettiya meezetan katidi koyrottidi maloy
ikkonoome baggara imiya go7aa xomooso.
1.4.Pilggetha Oysho
Pilgganchay pa pilggetha qoppobata gaxa gathanaw kaalliya oyshota denthanaw
koyees.
 Goofa dere asaan meezetida woganne ammano mallatas(miiliketas) de7iya
bessaynne ammanetethay ayi aazii?
 Goofa dere asa giddon meezetida wogatappe asi hayqqanaw woykko yeehoy
ke7anawkoyrotti kaayo meezey deriya woga naagiso(bonchiso) baggara de7iya
go7ati aybee aybee?
 Goofa dere asa giddon kosha laythi yaanayssa koyrottidi kaayo(sinthati odo)
meezeti dere asa issipetetha baggara immiya go7ay abee aybee?
 Goofa heeran torchey gakkidayssa malliyameezey deriyas ikkonoome babbara
immiya go7ay aybee?
1.5 Pilggetha Go7a
Ha pilggethay oosetti wurishin immiya go7ati undenna gidishin hessatappe;Ha al77o dere
asaa shaluwaa ha wodiyan beetiya yeletay bessa immidi ishalssanada akeeka
medhees.Nam7anthon ha fokulooriya yuushon pilggethi oothanaw koyiya pilgganchatas denddo
markanddo gididi maadana.Kaalidi Goofatho timirtte kifiles fokuloore baggara lo7o qofa shiiqo
gididi maadana.Wurssethan,Pilgganchay pa oosuwa polanaw markkanddo qiicethaninne woga
eranchchatara oothiya gahetethan pa era sinthe pan77i udana.Gidi pilganchay ammanettees.
1.6 Pilggetha Zawa
Goofa dere asay dugeha tophphiyan beetiya susa kochatappe issuwa gididi pana dandda7ida
dooni,wogi meezeynne waga ammanoy de7iya dere.Ha pilggethay zawa wothiday Goofa dere

7. 7
asay de7iya heeratan gididi pilgganchay Goofa deriya wogay ayfaamidi beetees gidi qoppida
nam77u woradata Dembba Goofa woradanne Gezze Goofa woradata. Ha nam77u woradata
doorana mela gaaso gididabay Dembba Goofan Zaalanne Bato heerappe hessapekka aadhidi
Maloppenne hara yuusho woradatappe duussas dumma dumma wodetan betididi woy hara
Gaason yidayssi,Gezze Goofa heeratankka Maloynne hara heerati daro meezeta shaakettiya
gisho pilggetha kaalli xeelos injjetana mela nam77u woradatan oosuwa polanaw qoppis.Ha
Goofa dere asay de7iya heeran ubban deriyan meezetida wogatappe koshi ke7anaw,asi
hayqqanaw/yeehoy ke7anawnne torchchey yaanaw heeran akeekettiya malaatati aybekko
xomoosanaassa.

8. 8
SHEMPPO NAM7A
GAHETETHI DE7IYA XUUFETA ZAARETHO
Ha pilggetha giddon denddiya bertte qofati qoncce gidana mela issi issi qofata akeekanaas; dere
asa meeze woga aybatetha,woga moodethata,issi issi deretethata giddon imettiya bessata
paatana.
2.1 Dere Asa Meeze Wogaa Aybatetha
Schoemaker,(1990:3)fokuloore guusay (folk) dere asa nne (lore) meeze geetettiya nam7u
qaalata walaka.Ha eranchay pa xuufiyan qonccisishe deretethaynne meezey wolippe
shaakettonnaba gis.dere asa meeze (አገረሰባዊ ልማድ) guussaywoga macara giddon moodettiyaba
gidishin asa na7i deretetha medoosa gidya gisho issoy issuwaara oothiya gallasa gallasa
gahetetha medhoy meeze geetettees gis.
Fiqaade Azeze,(1996) dere asa woykko issi deretetha isso udey entti kothen oothiya meezeta
.Hessatikka heedzu ogen qonccoosona:-wogan meezetida odata ooson poliya dere asa giddo
ammanonne buqurata gaanaw danda7oos gis.
Dorson,(1972),Okepewho,(1992) fokuloore oyddu bessan moodidoosona.Hessatikka bila
oda,dere asa hiila,meeze woganne woga buqura geetetoosona.
2.2 Fokuloore Shaahota
1.Bila Oda :-Dere asay pantta ammanuwa , ufayssa, un77a,kayonne hara allaleta yeletappe
yeletakko qaala laatisishe gam77ida dere asa shalo.
2.Dere Asa Hiilla:-Deriya giddon beetiya dumma dumma hiilatanne qaaxon ooso polota
shiishi oykkiya fokuloore macara.
3.Woga Buqura:-Dumma dumma ogen xeeloninneooson meezetidi medhdhi go7ettiya
buqurata shiishi oykkees.

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4.Wogaa Meeze:-Dere asa giddon gallasi gallasi poliya duusa hanotatappe aadhidi ammano
(goynno) wogata,gome wurssota,suntha kesonne bolla alleeqisota shiishi oykkiya fokuloore
qommo.(Dorsson,1972)
Gade woga meezey pa giddon dumma dumma sima shaahota oykkees.Gade woga ammanoy ha
shaahotappe issuwa gidishin pa giddon;maro goynno,moytille xeessi,miilike maraace be7o,
shucha qoronne h.h.m .meezeta oykkees.(Solomon,2007)
Miilike guussay gade woga ammanotappe issuwa gidid dumma dumma hanotati woykko
malaatati de7iya deretetha birshethappe denddidi sinthas hanana woy polettana geetettidi
qofettiya iita woy lo7o didirxxata oykkeeba,Ha dere asa woga ammanoy ase gakkiya
hanotatanne didirxxata baaso udidi sinthas gakkanaw woykko medhettanaw danda7iyanne
koyrottidi kaha birshethi immanaw (eranaw) oosettiya kaayethe (prdict) (Solomon,2007).
Teshoome,(2001:4)n miilike ta oyddu bessan shaakis. Hessatikka ahumo
birshethi,qan7e(ገድ),dhube(አንጋዳ)nne bita(ሟርት) geetettoosona.(Teshome,2001)
Issi deretetha heeran medhettiya batara gathidi hessi hanikko kaalidi hessi medhettana giyanne
sinthas yaana lo7onne iita qaadakoyrottidi kaayiya(prdict) meezey miilike geetettees.Hessa mela
saynisse tillatethi bayinna kaayethati 21tho laytha shaahuwanburoo dicha bolla de7iya gadetan
xalla gidonnashin tekinoloojen sinthe ke7ida gadetankka beettees (Daniel,2007).
Dendes,(1965) ha miilike meeze wogay aadhidayssa odiyaaba xalla gidonnashin asa na7a
eratetha pultto gididi gallasan gallasan asanayta qaaxwa giddon mata wode allaleta geeshi
bessiyaaba gis.
Sintha hananabaa kaayo meezey yuushon haniyanne hanettiya malaatatara
oykettidaba.Gakkana didirxxa dumma dumma malaatatan zemppidi kaayoosona.Star of
Davd,(2001).Malaata guussay cuucumettiya gidin be7in beetonnabata kojjidi
eqqiyaba.Hessatikka kanddo woy eesho gididi kooshe,misilenne h.h.mela bata gididi he
misilyaas woy kooshiyaas asi ubbi eriya birshethi de7iyaaba gis. (Davd,2001).
Malaati issibaas eqqiyaaba gididi ikka ubban erettiyabaa gidishin issi pana danda7ida birshethi
tookidaba gididi ha malaatati sinthas hananabaa bessiya woy hanidabaas xoo7e
bessiyabaa.Woden woden hanettiyabata baaso udidi polettoosona.Ha hanotatikka koyro deriyan

10. 10
meezetida malaatatan zemppidi gidishin he malaatati dumma dumma hanotatan didirxxishin
sinthappe hessi medhettana gidi kaayoosona (Swiss,.carl,2000).
2.3 Issi Issi Meezetida Wogatanne Ammano Mallata(Miiliket)
 Oroomo heera dere asa meezetida wogaan dhube woy iita baara gathidi;Mela oto ba7ida
macca na7i oge bishin qanxxa aadhikko;mela gabate woykko katha miishe caanida harey
ogen didirxxiko biya soy qan77enna.(Dechasa,2008).
 Jermmene gade miilike meezetappe dube gides gidi ammanettya meezeta giddoppe issi
asi oge bishi kareetha gawarey oge qanxxidi aadhishin,sinthe be7iya mastootey
akaakonna me7ishininne13 paydoy dumma dumma hanotatan didirxxishin kaalidi
haniyaabay qan77enna woy eqo gidenna giya meezey de7ees.(Dr.Alois,2007).
 “…Geesha Gorggisey pa meezetida anjjuwa diggidayssnne workkanay ushachchappe
hadirssaklo qanxxi aadhidayssi kawo Mashashas shindda melisin hinnete giya hidoota
dhayis…”(Haddis Alemayew,2010).
 Baale Oroomo dere asa giddon kani nam77u tara bocciko qan77e woykko lo7obay
hanana geetetidi erettiya ammanoy de7ees.Haray qassi kani heedzu tara zaari zaari
boccikko iitabay hanana woy dhube geetettidi eretteyssa qonccisis.(Solomon,2007).
 Ferisaanenne suduqaane dere asati pantaduussa meeziyan ;wontta saloy zo7idi shaari
shiiqettiko iri bukkana,omarssishin saloy poo7ikko (geeshi gidikko) iri bukkenna.giya
ammano meezey de7ees.(Matos,16፡3).

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SHEMPPO HEEDZA
PILGGETHA OOSO HANOTANNE HIILLA
Ha kifilyan pilgganchay go7ettida pilggetha medhuwaa,besinddo,pilggethay oosettida
deretetha,markkanddo shiisho miisheta,markkanddo paatetha oge,pilggancha ooso
siraata,pilggetha ammanthetethanne suuretetha. Oykkida shemppo.
3.1 Pilggetha Ooso Hanota
Pilgganchay ha pilggetha denddo qofa keexerethanaw xomooso pilggetha medhuwa go7ettis.
Markkanduwa paatanaw walaka hiilla go7ettis.Qaalaninne paydon qoncciya pilgetha medhuwa
kaalidi pa shiiqida markkanduwa paattis.
Cresswell,(2011) gida mela hara hiilatappe aadho walaka hiila go7ettidi pilggetha oosoy daro
injje.Hessappe denddidayssan daro bagga narkkanddoti qaalan qoncceyssata gidishin hessatappe
qaala oyshoti,cuga tobbappe beettiya markkandoti dalggan paatethi imettis. Hara baggara qassi
xuufe gordda oyshoti paydo zaran paatethay imettis.
3.2 Besinddo Dooro Hiilanne Besinddo Daroteha
Ha pilggethay oosettiya kumetha deretethay Goofa deretethay de7iya heera ubba gisho
maadananne;gidiya markkando demmana giya ammanetethan nam77u woradata guusaykka
Dembba Goofanne Geze Goofa woradata dooris. Doorida gaasoykka he woradatan attida hara
Goofa yuusho deretethappe daro baggay beetteyssinne gadhanne gezze heera meezeti gidiya
hanotan xomoosetana melanne markanddos lo7o pultto gididi maadana geetettidi qofettida
gishossa.
He nam7u woradatappe nam77u nam77u woga eranchati ayfaamidi beetees giya qabaleta
gizzidi besinddo eko ogen Dembba Goofappe Borddanne Karza qabaleta,Gezze Goofappe
Badiro Qottappenne Aykina kaskkeppe ciimo gidida markkando demmanaw gizzis. Hayssan
pilganchay paw injjetana mela Goofa dere asa kojjees geetetidi qofettida Dembba Goofanne
Gezze Goofa heeratappe doorettida oyddu qabaleta gishin;Borda, Karza,Badiro Qottanne
Aykina Kaskke. He nam7u woradatan doorettida oyddu qabaletappe issuwappe issuwappe

12. 12
oyddu oyddu woga eranchata kumethan tammanne usuppun asata gizzidi bessinddo dooro
ogetappe pa qofadan ekon dooranis.Gujjidikka nam77u woradata woganne turuuzume kawo
gahetetha biiro oosanchatappe duumatiya dooro ogey bayinna oyddu oyddu xaafo keetha
oosnchatappe markandota shiishis.
Wolibolla paydon 24 asatappe markkandoti beetisinne pilggethas koyro detha markkando
pulttotape shiishis.
3.3 Markkanddo Shiisho Miisheta
Ha pilggethaas koshiya markkando wozana mela shiishanaw kaalliya markkanddo shiisho
miisheta go7ettis.
3.3.1 Qaala Oysho
Ha qaala oyshoti pilgganchay paw giigisidayssata gidishin, oyshotikka paydon ichasha gidishin
he oyshuwakka nam77u woradatappe doorettida oyddu qabaletan de7iya wogaa eriya wozantto
asata oychchis.He qaala oyshuwan katidi pa pilggetha issoppe heedza gaso de7iya heedzu
oyshota zaaris.Ha qaala oyshuwa markandoti kumethan oykettana melanne xuufen oykkiya
markandwa kalanaw kooshe duuqo miishe oyshettiya asa eenotethan go7ettis.
3.3.2 Wuda Cuga Tobba
Pilgganchay wuda deretetha tobbas haniya issoy issoy usuppun yari de7iya nam77u cugata
medhidi tobba kaarakka sima qoppoba issuwappenne oysho issuwappe qofa pulttisanaada udidi
giigisis.
3.3.3 Xuufe Oysho
Pilggethara gasethon pilgganchay paw oorathi giigisida gordda oyshata nam77u woradatappe
doorettida woganne turuuzume xaafo keetha hosppun(8) oosanchatasinne gade woga eriya
asatappe xuufe danda7eyssatas shiishis.Oyshaykka paydon hosppuna gidishin nam77appe oydda
gaso de7iya pilggetha oyshota zaaranw giigettidayssata.

13. 13
3.4 Pilggetha Ammanthetethanne Suuretetha
Pilgganchay pa markkando shiisho miisheta suure ooso bolla peeshanaw markkando shiisho
misheta ammanthetetha paacci be7anaw nam77u doorettida woradatappe karera Goofa yuushon
de7iya wordatappe Zaala woradappe paydon oyddu gade wogaa eranchatas ha giigida oyshata
shiishon ammanthetetha paaci be77is.
Pilganchay ha pilggetha suuretethay naagettana mela oosettiya oosota ubba woden woden
zoradiyaara gahetethan keexerethiya qofata ekoninne giigison oothishenne sinthaskka pa
oosuwa suuretetha bolla qofa ekon gaxa gathis.
3.5 Pilggancha ooso Siraata
Ha pilggetha oosoy qoppida mela polo gakkanaada pilganchan paape naagettiya ba ubba
ke7anaw koyees.koyrottidi kaara dooro wode imettida dooro wode go7ettidi hara pildetha oosota
xomooson,maxaafeta qiicethaninne kaara oorathatetha tillyethan koyro yuusho kaara
shiisho.Kaara bolla imettya koshiya giigisota ekoninne ay ogera oothiko lo7oo? Geyssa gizzison
kaaray fokuloore yuushon gidiya gisho dalggan ha allaliya yuushon xaafetida maxaafeta
qiicethan qantha xuufetanne kase aadhida pilggetha oosota xomooson qofata shiishanas halcho
wothidi oothis.Hessappe kaallidi Markkando shiisho wode markanddo pulttotara qaala oyshoy
shiiqishin lo7o kandora entta eenota baasaoyidi duuqis.
3.6 Markkanddo Paatetha Oge
Pilgganchay ha pilgetha nam77u ogen paatanaw koyees. Koyro shiiqya markkandota qaalan
paattis.Hessatikka qaala oyshon,wuda dere tobban beetida nne dooya xaafo oyshon beettida
markkandota qoncce hanotan paatetha oothis.Gujan qassi qantha hanota xuufe oyshoppe beetida
markkandota paydo qonccisis.Hessa gisho ha pilggetha markkandoy daro baggay qaalan
qonccettis.

14. 14
SHEMPPO OYDDA
MARKANDDO PAATETHA,DEMOTANNE TOBBA
4.1 PAATETHA
4.1.1 Goofa Dere Asan Meezetida Wogaanne Ammano Mallatas De7iya
Bessaynne Ammanetetha
Ha pilggetha markkanduwa paatethas walaka markanddo paatetha ogiya go7ettis.Ha nam77u
ogetan maatettiya markkandotikka heedzu markkando shiisho miishetan:qaala oyshon ,xuufe
oyshoninne wuda cuqa tobban shiiqidayssata.
Ashkketethaninne siiqotethan koshiya deretethappe gishin Geze Goofappe hosppun gade
cimatappenne oyddu woga turuzume biro oosanchatappe,Dembba Goofappekka hosppun gade
woga eranchatappenne oyddu woga turuuzume biro oosanchatappe kumethan 24 besiddotappe
markanddoti shiiqidoosona.
 Goofa dere asaa giddon issibay dhube gidin qan77ey koyrottidi medettanayssa kaayiya woy
odiya wogay ay aazekko paata; Asay ha meeziyaas besse immidi ammanettoonanne
kaaloonaa?Oshettida oyshas immida zaaruwa :
zA:-Ee de7ees.Hessika dereasay iitabay hananayssa dumma dumma heeran akeekettiyabatan
katidi kaayeesinne ammanettees.Daro wode iitabas gaasoda xeelettey hadhishe gidishin issi asi
issi ooso polanaw,oothanaw,hananaw,lo7o halcho wothishin,qoppishin gidin haasayishin issi asi
matan hadhishikko qoppidabay polettenna,bidasoy gahettenna,halchidabay kanthenna hadhishey
karis geetettidi hachi gaso ammanettees.Haray qassi toho dhube gidishin hessi asappe asan
dummatikkonne bayra na7as haddirssa toho oge bishin dhubbikko beesoy qan7enna.Geedo na7i
oge bishin ushachi dhbbikko biya ogey gidin giyay ba7enna woy qan77enna geetettidi
ammanettees.Hayssas misenna baggay didirxxikko qan77ees geetettidi ammanettees.
zB:-Kase asay wogaaba loythi eroosonanne ammanettoosona.Gidoppe attin ha7i yeletati daro
wuda wothokona.Hessi aadhida kase baa gidi daroti kadhoosona.Gidikkoka ha meeze wogay
polo dhayis gaanaw danda7ettenna. Gaasoykka ha meezey kaha shalo gidida gisho biitan
wozantto asatinne ciire na7atetha naytikka wogaaba ereyssati de7oosona..zA nne zB :Ee
ammanettoosonanne kaalloosona.Wogaba eronna asi nashettenna gidoshin dicciya nayti kare
gade wogan muukettishenne besse immishe bees.wozanttoti pantta tosses gidin ar77ess besse
immidi kaallana mela koyoosona.Gidoppe attin dicciya nayti haythe yeggi hayzonayssi wodes ha
meeziya laatiya yeleti dhayonanne daaburonna aggenna.
Qommon zaarancha A nne B qofata be7ishin heeran meezetishenne ammanettida woga
meezetappe hadhishenne toho dhube denthidi qonccisidayssa be7ida.Hessika deriya giddon
ayfaamidi beeteyssata gidishin ha wogay wozantto asaninne ciire na7atetha naytan bessi
imetteyssa zaaroy bessees.

15. 15
Qommon nam77u zaaranchati wothidayssadan dere woga meeziyas besse imo hanotati kare
gade alamedethatethan sugettishenne dicciya naytti ha meeziyaas besse immonna hanoti deyssa;
qassi nayti aawatappe laatanaw haythe immidi sissinne wogay polettiya bessan beetidi kaalo
koshiya gisho hayssa hanonna ixxishin wogay dogettishe wonto yee yeletas kumetha hanotan
pinnena hanoti deyssa akeekoos.
 Ha wogaa meezeti polettiyaaba gideyssi nena ammanthii; Woga meezeti dere asas immiya
go7i de7ii?
zA:Ee taani giyantta ke7ishin haddirssa toho dhubbiyaaba giddikko biikke.minthethada beeba
gidikkoka qan7enna.hessa ta ammanettayis. Haray qassi ha wogay kaha shalo gidiya gisho
ammanetetha keenay asappe asan dummatees.
zB: Daro baggay aawata wogan ammanettenna giikkonne hirggisoynne so77isoy attenna.Heeran
kanay waasishin hara hayqo mallati beettishin issi asi iyan ammanettike giikonne wozanay
dagamoy attenna.Kumethan ha wodiyaara gathi xeelishin woga bonchoy dol7ishe bees.
zA:Ee,loythi de7ees.ha7i wode yeletay deriyaasinne bayratas kiitettonna ixxishin daro metoti
medhetoosona.bayra bonchoy metetta maadey kacetta giigisoynne sigethoy heerappe aadhidi
gade detha gaso immiya maadoy gita.
zB:Ee deretetha giddon meezetishe de7iya wogati go7oosona.Ha77i gaso hanishenne polettishe
de7oosona.
Zaarancha AnneB gidayssa mela woga meezeya hachi gaso polettishe de7eyssa zaarancha A pa
bolla malla wothidi qonccisis.Hara baggara qassi kaha ammano gidoyssi asappe asan
ammanetetha keenay dummatikkonne ubba deretetha yara giddon de7eyssa akeekoos.
Qommo nam7u zaaranchatappe demmida qofaadan dere wogaa meezeti hiqqa gidi
paydonayssata gidishin hessatikka heerappe aadhidi gade detha gaso go7eyssa akeekoos.
 Nam7u Wuda cugan tobbishe:
Nu dere asan lo7obay qan77e.Giya bishin soon nayti anjishe giya snthi immo woy qan7o gidi
anjiya wogi de7ees.Hessikka pa giddon bayziyaabay wode gido;shammiyabaykka lo77oy gakko
giya amo oykida qofa.Qan7eszokkotey woy phalqqey dhube woy iita didirxxa hessika dere asan
gome gaasoninne anja (uwa azaaza)gaason gakkiya haythas iitiya kahas deexxiya didirxxat
gidishin hesstikka assay loythi ixuwappe dendidaysan gathoppo,shinchalle gidi iitatetha
qonccisoosona.Hessatikka medhettanaw daro wode heeran beetiyabati de7oosona .Hessatappe
asi hayqqanawheeran kani shiiqi duujalidi uugi waassidi aggonna ixxees.Hessi hanikko aqi
pe7onna shin heeran yeehoy ke7ees.Hessa mela asa gid meezeti dere asan loythi
ammanettiyabaWogata loythi erey bayrata. na7atetha nayti wogas wudi baawa.Hessappe
dendidayssan ha7i wode nayti gade wogaas besse immonnaba aazees.Nu Goofa dere
asan loythi erettee dhube woy qan77e gidenna bata mallanaw kase asay hadhishshe
go7ettoosona.Asay odettishin ,lo7obaas halchishin,ar77ishin matan asi hadhishiyaaba

16. 16
gidikko he qofay poletenna getettidi ammanettees.Hessika dere asa kaha ammano gidiya
gisho dhayis gaanaw danda7ettenna.Gidoppe attin yeletay ha wode hanotataninne
imatha wogatan sugettiya gisho wogay dol77ishe de7ees..
Ha cuqa tobba qonccisuwa mela Goofa deredon dhubeynne qan77ey gita bessi imettiya allale gideyssanne
he meeziya yuusakka derey qonccisidi odeyssappekka aadhidi ubba wode gita ammanetethi de7eyssa
akeekisees
.4.1.2 Goofa dere asa giddon meezetida wogatappe asi hayqqanaw woy yeehoy ke7anawkoyrottidi
kaayo(odo) meezey deriya woga naagiso (bonchiso) baggara de7iya go7a.
Zara-1 Goofa dera asan yeehoy ke7anaw koyrottidi kayo meezey woga naagiso baggara

17. 17
Zaaro immida asata qooda(n)=8
Zara.1
Qommon zara1n qonccidayssa mela dere asa woga meezetia giddoppe yeehoy ke7ana koyrottidi
kayo meezey dere asa woga naagiso baggara immiya go77i de7ii? gee oyshaa
shiishida hosppun zaaranchatappe 8(100%) kushey ubbay Ee de7ees giya qofaa
ma7idoosona.Haray qassi ha gogatappe hintte ereyssati awssata gidanee? Gidi shiishida oyshaas
zaarishe deriyan woranziya asay bala oosuwappe simmanada,belletida(kacettida)assay wolli
sigettana mela,gene oosoppe pana naagana mela geyssata ubba amin77idi ubbaykka suure zaaro
geysso hosppun zaaranchatappe 8(100%) kushe zaaranchati dooridoosona.
Ha zara qonccisuwa maaran meezeynne ammano mallay dere asas woga naagiso go77a
immeyssa nne he meezey deretetha yaray iita oosopenne hayqos gathiya worandzotappe
nagettana mela maaddees geyssa be7oos.
 Goofan kani qammi gallassi uugidi (waassidi) aggenna ixxishin waaringge do7aynne shorore
(masho)kafoy waasishin ………..medhettana geetettidi ammanettees.Ha gordda oysha
8zaaranchati zaarishe:-
Za pe:Yeehoy kessi aggenna zB:Yeehoy Ke7ees zC:Metoy ke7ana zD:Hayqoy woy asa waasoy
ke7ana zE:Mashoy/yeeho medhettana zF:yeehoy ke7ana zG:Mashoy ke7ana zH:yeehoy ke7ana
gishin kankko attidayssatikka maisatiya zaaro immidoosona..
pm Shiiqiya oyshota Dooro Paydon %
2.1 Goofa dere asa giddon asi
hayqqanawkoyrottidi kayo meezey dere asa
wogaane siraata naagiso baggara immiya
go7i de7ii?
Ee 8 100%
Akkay -
2.2 Ee giikko,Kaalliya go7atappe awssata
gidanee?
Woranziya assay bala
oosuwappe simmanada
-
Belletida assay wolli
sigettana mela
-
Gene oosoppe pana
naagana mela
-
Ubbaykka suure zaaro 8 100%

18. 18
Qommon shiiqida oysha AppeH gaso de7iya 16 zaaranchati hamalaatati heeran beetiko
yeehoy,metoy,mashoy,hayqoynne asa waasoy heeran medettees geyssa xuufiyan zaaro
immidoosonaZaaranchati go7ettida qaalatikka dere assay ha meeziya giddon ubba wwode
go7ettiya nne wolis birshethan matiya dhubu woy iita didirxxa qonccisiya qaalata.
Ha zaaruwappe nu demmiya qofay ha wogaa meezey deriya giddon erettidanne loythi kaha
ammanoy de7eyssa be7oos.
 Issi deriyas kiitettonna woranzo asi derey zorin simmonna gisho bucan woy daggala ogen
ke7idi baadikko;baaddida wontethe masho hayqo malaatati heeran beettiko ha woranzanchay
waananee?Zaaranchati kaaleysadan pantta qofa immidoosona:
zA:pa iita oosuwa paaxidi simmees.zB:qohaa accidi maarota oychees.zC:deriyaappe/bucappe
anjo ekko woy heera yeggi betethi koshees.zD:pa bala oosuwappe simmidi deriyaas
haarettees.zE:maarota oychees.zF:biita cimatakko bidi pa tuma paaxees.zG:deriya zoriya
sissinne pa tumaa buuxidi simo zH:bala oothisgidi so77isyaasoy de7ikko pana paacci be7ana
mela qofisees.
Oyshettida asa zaaruwa xeellishin hayqo woykko masho malaatati heeran beetoy dere asa
wogappe kare ke7iya asa wogaas kiitettana melanne woga giddo gelana mela maaddeyssa
akeekoos.
 Goofa dere asan aybi hanikko asi hayqqana geetetti qofettii?Zaaranchati ha oyshaa yaagi
zaaridoosona:
Kase ammanettishe de7iyaa meezetappe asi hayqqanaw Goofan hanees geetettiya bati
Guta(heeran):-Kanati heerappe shiiqidi uuggoosona.Hessikka hayqqaqna ura/asiw ekkanaw
yida moytilley woykko hayqqo ayaanay Kanata ayfen beettishn boccoosona geetettidi
ammanettoosona.Haray qassi waaringge geetettiya masho malliya do7i heereaara waasashe
aadhiko wontethe asa yeehoynne zelelssi si7ettona attenne yaagettees.Qooraseynne quuroy
keetha heerara aalishin assay kareethati kayo mallanne yeehoy medhettikko shocha(yeeho wode
shiiqiya kathaa) maanawshiiqees.Gidi qofettiya gisho assay… chay…ne mashuwaa neera ekkada
ba… gidi gooddoosona.
Harggancha bolla beettiya malaatata:-Hargganchay donza asi gidikko harggiya wode afili
guulunttidi guye simmidi zin77ishin,guuluntha qaaronna ixxishin.Huupheppe toho gaso mala
laamishin,kareetidi biitta aathishin.Biitti achchan aadhishin,mooroy tuccishin woykko

19. 19
golddigothi qoodhen kumidi shemppisonna ixxishin,macca wozantto gidikko dhanthay
shullishin,adde wozantto gidikko shemppoy shullishin hargganchoy hayqo attonayssa
kaayoosona.
Hara asa bolla beetiya malaata:-Qawca ahumo(saxa) geetettiya ahumo ahunthees.Dhiskko
dhayssees.som77oy sooqidi aggonna ixxishin,ayfey kokkorishin,asi hayqqana woy anha be7ana
geetettidi deriyan ammanettees.
Hara malaatati:-Boori qamma gallasi waassikonne maata muzinkka aggonna ixxikko aawa
machchees gettettees.Macca miizikka booraysada hanikko aayiw machees gees.Hari qassi
kawsha nayti huuphe bolla kushe wothidi simeretishin beettiko asay mashos hanees gidi
ammanettoosona.Na7antti wogi bayinna yeekkidi aggona ixxiko aayo machees yaagees.
Ha qofa gasethi xeellishin Goofan dere assay ammanettidi uttida hayqo malatati de7eyssanne he
malaatati beetishin heeran mashoy ke7eyssa zaaranchata qofay bessees.
4.1.3 Goofe dere asa giddon kosha laythi yaanayssa koyrottidi kaayo (sisnthati odo)meezeti
dere asa issipetetha baggara immiya go7a
Zara.2 kosha laythi yaanayssa koyrottidi kaayo meezeti dere asa issipetetha baggara immiya
go7a
Oyshettida asata paydo(n)=8

20. 20
pm
Shiiqiya oysho Dooro Zaaranchata
darotetha
100%
3.1
Goofa koshi ke7anaw koyrottidi
odo meezey deriya issipetetha
baggara immiya go7ay awssee?
Kosha laytha waati
teqqaneekko shiiqi
tobbishin issipetetha
minthees
1 12.5%
Kosha teqqanaw
dumma dumma
oosota hashetana mela
2 25%
Wolqqi bayinna asa
maadana mela - -
Wuri suure zaaro 5 62.5%
Zara 2
Zara nam77a qonccida mela kosha laythi (wodey) yaanaw koyrottidi kaayetha meezey dere
asa issipetetha baggara immiya go7atappe 1(12.5%) zaaranchi kosha laytha waati
aathaneeko tobbishin issipetetha minthees.2(25%)zaaranchati kosha teqqanaw dumma
dumma oosota hashetana mela maadees.5(62.5%)zaaranchati ubbayka ha mmezey immiya
go7aa gidoosona.
Qommo qofaappe nu demmiya ayfe bay koshi ke7anaw ha deretetha giddon geetettiyanne
ammanettiyaa meezeti deriya issipetetha bagara immiya go7ay awsse giya dooro qofa shiiqin
daro bagga zaaranchati kosha laytha aathanaw tobbishin;kosha teqqanaw dumma dummma
oosotan hashetishin;wolqqi bayinna asata dumma dumma kaleta imon qaaxxiya qaaxoy
deriya issipetethas maadees geyssa.
 Goofa dere assay kosha teqqanaw issipetethan ay ay oothoonaa? nne Kosha wodey yaanayssa
Goofa dere asay ayba malaata be7idi sinthati odoonaa? Giya oyshas zaaranchati qofa
immishe:
Issipetethan siiqora oothoosona.Daro wode xaphoy meetettiya kathata dago
hashenne hessa hessa mela issipetethan goyidi tokkoosona.Gezze heeran uuthi ooshi
wodhidi tokkoosona.Dagora gadha heerati mith_boye nne boynakka
tokkoosona.Koyrottidi elle gakkiya katha zeroosona.
Qommo qofaappe akeekettiyabay Goofa deretetha meto wolla hashetidi aasoy asaara aqettida
meeze gideyssanne koshi deretethan erettida metonne iita didirxxa gidiya gisho he koshaa
laythaa aathanawnne sinthasikka teqqanaw dumma dumma oosota hasheton ootheyssa
qonccisuwappe be7oos.Hiza ha meeze wogay deriyaas maadeyssa akeekoos guussi.

21. 21
Koshi deretethan erettida metonne iita didirxxa.Hessappe denddidayssan heeran meezetishe
gam7ida woga meezetappe sinthara koshi yaanayssa dere assay dumma dumma heeran beettiya
malaatatan katidi kaayoosona.Ha malaatatikka,sa7i macca shaaccishin guussaykka gusttamappe
bidi torchche gelo gaso iratti shaacciko kaaliya laythay palppo woykko wucenne koshi kessi
aggenna yaagettidi ammanettees.Hara baggara kathi buroo gakkishin ekkidi miyaade mal77o
oyqqiko,gaytan dokkey simmonna ixishin kaalliya laythay wuce geetettidi ammanettees.Goolixa
giya xoolintto qommoy garssara dolada (ke7ada) bettiko gadhi kalo gezzes sa7a kosha
geetettees.goolixa qommora keyikko gezzey kalo gadhay kosha gidi malloosona.Haray qassi
oyddu laytha yuushuotapppe Luqaasa laythan (ዘመነሉቃስ) koshanne daaburssi de7ees
geetettees.Ageenatappekka kosha ageeni hisa geetettees ha ageenan araatan uttida kawosara
ubbaas kusheppe sagayo sol77isees giya bayrata woga meezey de7ees.
4.1.4 Goofa heerantorchey gakkidayssamalliya meezey deriyaas ikkonoome
baggara immiya go7a
Zara 3 Torchey gakkidayssa malliya meezey deriyaas ikkonoome baggara immiya
go7a
Oyshettida asata paydo(n)=8

22. 22
pm
Shiiqiya oyshota dooro Zaarancha
darotetha
100%
4.1
Torchey yeysssa koyrottidi maletha
meezey dere asaas ikkonoome
baggara immiyaa go7ay awssee?
Zeretha dhayoppe naagees 1 12.5%
Muruuta dhoqqu udees 1 12.5%
Boorata ifilas lo77o 1 12.5%
ubbaa 5 62.5%
Qoomo zara 3n torchey yeyssa koyrotti maio meezey deriyaas ikkonoome baggara immiya
maadotazaaranchati shiiqida oyddu doorotappe 1 (12.5%)zaaranchati zeretha dhayoppe naagees
1(12.5%) asi muruuta dhoqqu udees 1(12.5%) asi boorata ifilaas lo7o gishin 5(62.5%)asati
ubbaykka zaaro gidi qommon shiiqida go7ata ha meeze wogay immees gidoosona.
Ha qofaappe nu akeekiyaabay ha wooga meeziya kaalidi katha zerethaynne tokethay pa baggara
dere asaas immiya go7i de7eyssanne zeretha hamalaata naagonna zerishin awan dhayees,zaari
laatisee.Hara baggera qassi wogaa meeziyaa naagoynne wodiyaa naagidi zerethay muruuta
dhoqqu udees muruuti dhoqqu gishin ikkonoomeykka goshanchaas dhoqqu gees.Gujjidikka
koyrottidi awan guyetidi qassi urqqan boorati qohettonna mela ha meeze wogay maaddees.
 Goofa dere asan torchey gakkidayssa koyrotti eridi malaatata kaallidi katha zerethaynne
tokethay zerethaas,booraasinne goshanchaa ikkonoomes ay go7aimmii?
Giya oyshas kaaleysadan zaaruwa immidoosona:-
zA:zeretha biiti moona dolana mela,booratas hashe oykkonna mela,lo77o muruuta demmana
mela maaddees.
zB:zerethay wodera gakkana melanne dhayonna mela,boorati urqqan qohettonna mela,katha
ayfey wodhey de7ana mela maaddees.
zC:zerethay wodera gakkana melanne dhayonna mela,boorata ifilay qohan wodhonna
mela,wodera ka7ana mela maaddees.
zD:koshan assay qohettona mela
zE:zerethay elle dolana mela,awn gidin urqqan qohettonna mela,muruutay wodhey de7ana mela
maaddees
zF,G nne H zerethay sirxximonna moogettonna mela ,goyiya boorati daaburonna mela,loythi
muruuta demmanaada maadees.kumethan muruutancha gidana mela maaddees.

23. 23
Qommon hosppun zaaranchati shiiqida oysha maaran pantta buzu zaaruwa immidayssa mela
dere assay ttorchey gakkidayssa heeran beettiya malaatatan katidi kaayoosona Hessika dere asaas
zerethas,booratasinne goshanchaas immya go7aa shaakki odidoosona.paatettida go7ati xaaxi
waaxidi qonccishishin goshanchaa ikkonoome baggara immiya go7aa dhoqqu udeyssa
be7oos.Zerethay dhayoppe attishin;boorata ifilay naagettishin;zerida katha loythi muruutishin
goshanchay lo7o demishan ke7ees.
Hessappe nu akeekeebay torchey yaanaw koyrottidi kayo meezey deriyaas ikonoome baggara
go7eyssa.
4.2 Demota
 Qofata shiishi xeellishin,Ha pilggetha markkandduwa Geze Goofappe hosppun gade
cimatappenne oyddu woga turuzume biro oosanchatappe,Dembba Goofappekka hosppun
gade woga eranchatappenne oyddu woga turuuzume biro oosanchatappe kumethan 24
besiddotappe markanddota shiishidi paatetha oothidaba gidishin he paatethappe benttida
demota kaaleysadan qonccisis.
 Dhube woy iita didirxxa malaatatappe hadhishsheynne toho dhubey Goofa deriya giddon
ayfaamidi beeteyssata gidishin ha wogay wozantto asaninne ciire na7atetha naytan bessi
imetteyssa zaaroy bessees.
 Dere woga meeziyas besse imo hanotati kare gade alamedethatethan(globalization)
sugettishenne dicciya naytti ha meeziyaas besse immonna hanoti de7ees. Qassikka nayti
aawatappe laatanaw haythe immidi sissinne wogay polettiya bessan beetidi kaalonayssappe
dendoyssanwogay dogettishe bees.Yeletay ha wode hanotataninne imatha wogatan sugettiya
gisho wogay dol77ishe de7ees.
 Woga meezeti kaha ammano gidoyssi asappe asan ammanetetha keenay dummatikkonne
ubba deretetha yara giddon de7iyaaba. Dere wogaa meezeti hiqqa gidi paydonayssata
gidishin hessatikka heerappe aadhidi gade dethan gaso go7a immoosona.
 Goofan dere assay ammanettidi uttida hayqo malatati de7eyssanne he malaatati beetishin
heeran mashoy ke7eyssa. Kaha ammanotappe asi hayqqanaw woy yeehoy ke7anaw
kaayethay dere asas woga naagisos go77eynne he meezey deretetha yaray iita oosopenne
hayqos gathiya worandzotappe nagettana mela maaddees.Gujjidikka masho malaatati heeran
beetoy dere asa wogappe kare ke7iya asa wogaas kiitettana melanne woga giddo gelana mela
maaddees.Ha wogaa meezey deriya giddon erettidanne loythi kaha ammanoy de7iyaaba.
 Goofa dere asan kosha laythi yaanaysa koyrottidi malliya meeze de7eyssa.He kosha laytha
aathanaw assay wolli shiiqidi tobbishin,dumma dumma oosota wolla oothishin deriya
giddon issipetetha minthees. Goofa deretethan meto wolla hashetidi aasoy asaara aqettida
meeze gideyssanne koshi deretethan erettida metonne iita didirxxa gidiya gisho he koshaa
laythaa aathanawnne sinthasikka teqqanaw dumma dumma oosota hasheton oothoosona.

24. 24
 Torhcey yaanayssa koyrottidi kaayetha wooga meeziya kaalidi katha zerethaynneatokethay
pa baggara dere asaas immiya go7i de7ees.Hessikka muruuta dhoqqu udees muruuti dhoqqu
gishin ikkonoomeykka goshanchaas dhoqqu gees.Gujjidikka koyrottidi awan guyetidi qassi
urqqan boorati qohettonna mela ha meeze wogay maaddees. Goshanchaa ikkonoome baggara
immiya go7aay dhoqqa.Zerethay dhayoppe attishin;boorata ifilay naagettishin;zerida kathay
loythi muruutishin goshanchay lo7o demishan ke7ees.
4.3 Tobba
Dhayos duufo doonan uttida gade wogatanne buqurata ddhayonnaadanne aacidi daayanaa mela
pilggetha oosoti oosettanaw koshees.(Tophphiya woga polise,2008)
Asa na7i pa duussan ,aquwaaninne peeshan alamiyaara meezetanawnne metota pinnanaw gishe
oothiya baaxeynne meezey aqi pee7ishe woga gidees.Pilgganchay ha pilggethan Goofa dere asa
n meezetida wogatape ammano mallati woykko miiliketa giddoppe qan77enne dhube koyrotti
kaayetha meezeynne he meeziyan ammanetetha hanotay ay aazekko xomoosis.
Solomon,(2007) Baale Oroomo dere asa giddon kani nam77u tara bocciko qan77e woykko
lo7obay hanana geetetidi erettiya ammanoy de7ees.Haray qassi kani heedzu tara zaari zaari
boccikko iitabay hanana woy dhube geetettidi eretteyssa pa fokuloore pilggeths demotan wothis.
Ha pilggethankka Goofa dere ass giddon iitaba woykko dhube didirxxata malliya meezrtappe
"hadhishenne toha dhube "gidishin issi lo7oba odishin,halchishin gidin qoppishin matan
hadhishikko hadhishey karis qofay polettenna geetettidi ammanettees.Hars baggara qassi iitaba
odettishkn,hargganchaba haasayishin matan hadhishikko lo7o godees harganchay paxees gidi
Goofa dere asay ammanettoosona
Oroomo killilen Guji heera dere asa meezetida woga ammanuwa giddon de7iya miiliketa
xomooso oothis.Guji dere asa giddon dhube woy iita qaada gidi ammanettiya meezetappe mela
oto ba77ida maccasi oge qanxxi aadhishin,mela gabate caanida harey ogen gakkishin qan77enna
beesoy eqo gidenna giya meeziya pa pilggethan xomoosis.(Dechasa,2009).
Ha pilggethan dere asaas dhube woy iitaba ti didirxxanaw gakkiyabata qonccisidayssadan Goofa
heerankka kanati uuggidi aggona ixxishin asi hayqqana giya woga meezey de7eyssa pilgethan
xomoosettis.
Pilggetha oosoy saynnise oge kaallidi polettiya ooso polo gidiyaa gisho Goofa dere asa
miiliketappe qan77e(ገድ)nne dhube(አንጋዳ ) meezeti deriyaad immiya go7i de7ii? giya oyshan
denddidi he wogaas ha7i wode asay immiya bessaynne ammanetethay ay aazekko xomoosettidi
markkandoy shiiqidi paatettis.Markkanddoy bessiya mela Goofan tumakka pana danda7ida
miilike de7eyssanne asa kawo aysosinne teknolooje oosotas miiyera immiya go7ay dhoqa.Hessa
gisho dere asaara aqettida wogay dogetti dogetti boonna mela wudayidi wogaas eenota xeelo
imonne ishalsso koshees.

25. 25
SHEMPPO ICHCHASHA
KUUYETHANNE OGE BESO
5.1 KUUYETHI
Woga meezeti kaha ammano gidoyssi asappe asan ammanetetha keenay dummatikkonne ubba
deretetha yara giddon de7iyaaba. Ha pilggetha oosoy Goofa dere asa giddon qan77enne dhube
meezeti deriyaas immiya go7a xomoosos wuda withidi oosettiya pilggethi gidishin dhubeppe
yoohonne kosha qan7eppe qassi torchchey yaanaw assay heeran akeekiyabatinne malaatati aybee

26. 26
aybeeko;qassikka ha meezey deriyaas woganne siraata nasgiso bsggara,issipetetha baggaranne
ikkonoome baggara immiya go7ati xomoosettis.
Goofan dere assay ammanettidi uttida hayqo malatati de7eyssanne he malaatati beetishin heeran
mashoy ke7eyssa. Kaha ammanotappe asi hayqqanaw woy yeehoy ke7anaw kaayethay dere asas
woga naagisos go77eynne he meezey deretetha yaray iita oosopenne hayqos gathiya
worandzotappe nagettana mela maaddees.Gujjidikka masho malaatati heeran beetoy dere asa
wogappe kare ke7iya asa wogaas kiitettana melanne woga giddo gelana mela maaddees.Ha
wogaa meezey deriya giddon erettidanne loythi kaha ammanoy de7iyaaba.
Goofa dere asan kosha laythi yaanaysa koyrottidi malliya meeze de7eyssa.He kosha laytha
aathanaw assay wolli shiiqidi tobbishin,dumma dumma oosota wolla oothishin deriya giddon
issipetetha minthees. Goofa deretethan meto wolla hashetidi aasoy asaara aqettida meeze
gideyssanne koshi deretethan erettida metonne iita didirxxa gidiya gisho he koshaa laythaa
aathanawnne sinthasikka teqqanaw dumma dumma oosota hasheton oothoosona.
Torhcey yaanayssa koyrottidi kaayetha wooga meeziya kaalidi katha zerethaynneatokethay pa
baggara dere asaas immiya go7i de7ees.Hessikka muruuta dhoqqu udees muruuti dhoqqu gishin
ikkonoomeykka goshanchaas dhoqqu gees.Gujjidikka koyrottidi awan guyetidi qassi urqqan
boorati qohettonna mela ha meeze wogay maaddees. Goshanchaa ikkonoome baggara immiya
go7aay dhoqqa.Zerethay dhayoppe attishin;boorata ifilay naagettishin;zerida kathay loythi
muruutishin goshanchay lo7o demishan ke7ees.
Ha qofa kuuyi xeellishin Goofa dere asan polettishe dere asaara gam77ida wogati deriyaas go7a
immeysanne maadeyssa akeekoos.
Dhube woy iita didirxxa malaatatappe hadhishsheynne toho dhubey Goofa deriya giddon
ayfaamidi beeteyssata gidishin ha wogay wozantto asaninne ciire na7atetha naytan bessi imettidi
kaalliya hanoti de7ees.
5.2 Oge Beso
Pilgganchay ha pilggetha oosuwan kaara doordi geliday Goofa heeran ha fokulooriya yuushuwan
pilggethati oosettonayssinne kaara oorathatethay,ha wodiya hilohaa dicharsnne kirsttinna
ammanuwa gaason yeletay gadiya wogaas besse dhayishe beyssi,hayssa mela fokuloore macaran
shiiqida markkandoy bayinaysinne woga ha wodiya xeeluwaara gathidi iita giya pirdda imoy
bertte gaasota gidishin pilgganchay ha pilggetha markkandota maaran maaran shiishi paatidi
paatethappe demmida demotan katidi kalliya zorya Goofa dicciya naytas,woganne turuuzume
biiros,miidiyas,Goofatho timirtte kifilesinne woga fokuloore bolla pilggethi oothanaw koyiya
pilgganchatas aathanaw koyees.

27. 27
1.Dicciya Yalaga Naytas
Wogi nu oonatethi gidiya gisho nu oonatehaas de7iyaxeeluwa mela deriya wogaas luulonne
eenota xeeloy de7anaw koshees.Hara dere woga duuqos nagari baawa.Gidoppe attin koyrottidi
nu aswata moga eridi teknolooje dichaas go7ettanawnne nu eoga aggidi imatha wogas kushe
immonads bayratappe ciiretethan shiiqidi meezeto koshee.
2.Woganne turuuzume biiros
Dere asa wogaa naagonne disho baggara allaley xeeliya eqotatape issuwa gidiya gisho deriya
ayaana shaluwas loythi besse immidi oothana mala wogaba deriyaas asdikka yalaga naytas
akeeka medhaw koshees.
3.Miidiyas
Eretteysadan miidya oydantho kawtethi getetteyssadan dere wogas wuda immidi oothanaw
koshees.Aadhiya giigisoti deretetha hapheyssata gidana mela deretetha giddoyana mela baaxeto
koshees.
4.Goofatho Timirtte kifiles
Dhoqqa timirtte dethati pilggethati dalggan oosettiya besse.Hessa gisho cugan gidin buzon woga
bolla pilggethata oothanaw koyiya asatas koshiya oge besotanne maadeta oothidi ha fokulooriya
macara aacisanawnne sinthe pan77i udanaw koshees.
5.Hara pilgganchatas
Ha pilggethay abbappe mooqera duuqiya mela Goofa dere asaa meezetappe miilike woykko
qan77enne dhube bolla zawi bayinna dalggappe keeni bayinna ciimmuwappe xuumisi ekkidi
oothida pilggethi.Hintte gade woga bolla pilggetha oothanaw koyikko daro wuttiyanne inje
gidida allaleti de7iya gisho wuda ha woga fokulooreta bolla wothidi pilggethi oothanaw bessees.
Markka Maxaafe
Alemayew ,H.(2008) Fikir iskke meqaabir .Tunga:mega attamo keetha
Asfaw,z.(1992) Bila xuufe baasota.Tungga:Meegga attamo attamo 0000
Ayehush,T.(2005) Pilgetha olayta gade woga fokuloore.Addis Abbaba
Yunburstte

28. 28
Gezahn,A.(2005) pilgetha heedzu paydoy Woollo gade woga
fokulooren.Bahir. Dar Yunburstte
Kennedy, C. (1999) Polar opposition and the ontology of ‘degrees’.
Linguistics and Philos
Pafel, J. (2005) Quantifier scope in German. Amsterdam/Philadelphia:
John Benjamins
Solomon,T.(2007).Fokuloore aybatethanne pilgetha wuda.Tunga:far east
trading attamo keetha
Tabor,W.(2006) Wogina adarssotanne taarike tumata.Tunga : Artisttik
attamo keetha
Taadese,A.(2007) qantha xuufe Jermmene gade woga miiliketa.
Tunga:attamo keethay erettibenna
Woldesilaase,H.(1910) Yetha eedo ginxxo xuuray maxaafiyara
sigettidayssa.Tunga:Tophphiya