Gofatho Morphology and Syntax -Qaala (word)

1. Goofatho Morphology and Syntax- ELGo 2082- BY- BEREKET SAMUEL i
Goofatho Morphology
and Syntax
-Qaala-
By: Bereket Samuel (BA)
BEREKT SAMUEL
BEREKET SAMUEL

2. Goofatho Morphology and Syntax- ELGo 2082- BY- BEREKET SAMUEL 0
Keso
Kaara Shaye
QAALA........................................................................................................................................... 1
1. QAALA AYBATETHAA:...................................................................................................... 1
2. QAALATI MEDHETTIYA OGETA:..................................................................................... 2
2.1. Dumma dumma someta guzhon:..................................................................................... 2
A. Dariso some -ta gujjishin.................................................................................................. 2
B. Sunthi Medhdhiya Someta Gujon ................................................................................... 3
C. Sunqo Medhdhiya Someta Gujon .................................................................................... 5
D. Zaaretho qaalata Some -eretha ekon ................................................................................ 5
2.2. Ooratha Qaala Medho ...................................................................................................... 6
2.3. De7iyaa qaalatas hara birshshethi imon........................................................................... 6
2.4. Garthe Qaala Ekkidi Qaala Medho .................................................................................. 7
2.5. Qaalata waaxon ................................................................................................................ 8
2.5.1. Dooya ogen............................................................................................................... 8
2.5.2. Gordda ogen.............................................................................................................. 8
2.5.3. zihe ogen(-)............................................................................................................... 8
2.6. Issi qaalappe hara qaala medho........................................................................................ 9
Kuuyethi.......................................................................................................................................... 9
Markka maxaafeta......................................................................................................................... 10

3. Goofatho Morphology and Syntax- ELGo 2082- BY- BEREKET SAMUEL 1
QAALA
1. QAALA AYBATETHAA:
Asa na7i pa aqo peeshshaan wolira dumma dumma ogetan gahettidi qofa laamerettees. Ha qofaa
laameretethaas qassi koyroynne bayra kushe ekkey haasaya. Haasayas koshshiya wolqaama
miishey qassi qaala. Ubbaape Koyro bolla qaala demisanaw kooshe koshsheyssi qoncce. Kooshey
maarara uttishe qassi qaala medhdhees. Kooshetas birshethi baawa. Hanikkonne he birshethi
baynna koosheti birshethi de7iya qaala demisoosona.
Asa na7a eray guji guji bishin qassi asa na7i kooshes eqqiya pidale/ malaata kochidi xaafon
gahetethi oykkis. Pexo issi qaalape oykkidi wogga maaafeta gaso xaafettiday qaalana. Hessa gisho
qaali asa na7i haasayan gido xaafon wolira gahettanaw maaddiya wolqqaama miishe.
Doona eranchati qaala aybatetha bolla dumma dumma birshethi immidosona. Dumma dumma
birshethi immope attin ubbatikka qaali haasayas maaddiya bertte miishe gideyssa minthidi
odoosona. Hayssatappe, qaali issi yohos woy qofas eqqidi kooshen si7ettiya woy xuufen qoncciya
malaatata/pidale shiiqo gishe Doona pilgge Akkaadame gishe qaalabaa wothiyaa gidishin,
birshethi baynna doona kooshetape medhettidi birshethi immiya asa na7i kiita aathanaw go7ettiya
miishe gishe qassi Yimaam Baayey qonccisees. Haray qassi Daynnacho Worqquy qaali asa na7i
pa gaatha amuwanne qofaa qonccisiya miishe gishe odees.
Kuuyishin, qaali birshethi baynna doona kooshetape shiiqidi birshethi immiya asa na7i kiita woli
giddon aathanaw maadettiya miishe. Asa na7i he birshethi baynna koosheta birshethi immiya
ogen maarara wothidi go7ettees. Pidaleti woy kooshe malaatati paydon daro guutha. Hanikkonne
paydin wuronnanne zawi baynna qaalata medhdhees. Hayssape denddidayssan nuuni awi
wullana gaso qoodi baynna qaalata odettoos;tookkin denddonna maxaafe xaafoos. Qaali
birshethi baynna kooshetape medhettiyaa ogeta mallas be7ishin:
1. Dono /d/, /o/, /n/, /o/
2. Awa /a/, /w/, /a/,
Bollara shiiqida mallatape “dono” ekkikko birshethi baynna heedzu kooshetape medhettis.

4. Goofatho Morphology and Syntax- ELGo 2082- BY- BEREKET SAMUEL 2
Pexo Masara Some
1 Kana Kanata -ta
2 Kafo Kafota ta
3 Mehe Meheta -ta
4 Maxaafe Maxaafeta -ta
5 Hoota Hootata -ta
6 Doona Doonata -ta
7 Booru Boorata -ta
8 keethe Keethata -ta
9 Ase Asata -ta
10 Na7a* Nayta* -ta
Hessatikka: /d/, /o/, /n/ nne /o/. Ha kooshe issuwas issuwas birshethi de7enna. Hanope attin
maarara uttidi birshethi de7iya qaala “dono” immis.
Qaali dumma dumma ogetan medhettanaw dandda7ees. Mallas: dumma dumma someta guzhon,
issi qaalape hara dummatiya qaala keson, nam77u qaalati waaxettidi issi waatha qaala medhon,
doonaan baynna ooratha qaala medhon, garxxi ekkidi doonaan guzhoninne hayssamela hara
ogetan medhettanaw dandda7ettees.
2. QAALATI MEDHETTIYA OGETA:
2.1. Dumma dumma someta guzhon:
A. Dariso some -ta gujjishin
Hayssan qaalati kase pexon de7eyssa masarakko laamon medhettiyaa hanota. Masara guussay
paydon issinnipe dariyaba, tirppa, unddenna, daro woy cora guussi. Pexo gishin saro issinno
/single/ guussi. Heessa gisho qaalata, ubbaapekka sunthi gididayssata pexonne masara gidi
shaakkoos. Mallas:
Ha qommon be7ida mallaa paattishin, malla “1” pe “6” gaso de7iyaa mallaan de7iyaa qaalata
bolla aykkoka qaalaa wurssetha kooshe lame gathonna -ta some gujon medhettidaa gidishin, “7”
pe “10” gaso de7iyaa mallan de7iyaa qaalata wurssetha kooshiyaa “u” → “a”, “e” → “a” ekon
laamettidaa gidishin, wurssetha mallay qassi hanos gidiyakko -ta some ekkidi “na7ata”

5. Goofatho Morphology and Syntax- ELGo 2082- BY- BEREKET SAMUEL 3
geetettanashin asay gey “nayta” gidiyaa gishonne qassi nu he asaappe ke7idi baanasoy baynna
gisho yaani uttees. laamon -ta some gujon laamettis.
B. Sunthi Medhdhiya Someta Gujon
 Sunthi medhdhiya Some ‘-awa’
Sunthan moodettiya qaalati pantta bolla some ekon oorathi yelettida woy aacida yela sunthi
medhdhoosona. Mallas:
Haray qassi kumethan, qaalatas xaphoy issinno gidikkonne birshethay dummatees.
 Sunthi medhdhiya Some‘-adde
Bollara qonccida mela issi issi Goofatho qaalati some ‘ - adde’ qaalata bolla guzhon aacanaw
dandda7oosona. Mallas:
Qommon qonccida mallaa medho hanotaa be7ishin qommo mallaadan qaalata wurssetha
pidaliyaa “a” n laamon some -adde ekon laamettoosona.
Keethe + (-awa)= keethaawa
Kothe + (-awa) = kothaawa
Maathi + (-awa)= maathaawa
Maata + (-awa) maataawa
Medda +(-awa)= meddaawa
Oda +(-awa) = odaawa
Doona+ (-awa)= doonaawa
Deddeno + (-awa)= deddenaawa
Hanggaxa + (-awa)= hanggaxaawa
qoodhe+ (-awa)= qoodhaawa
mettershe+ (-awa)= mettershshaawa
Wude + (-adde)= wudaadde
Miishe + (-adde) = miishaadde
Oysi + (-adde)= oysaadde
Miizi + (-adde) miizaadde
Moothi + (adde) =moothadde
Gisho + (adde) = gishaadde
Qoncciso:
ha mallaan be7iyaa mela qaalata
wurssetha pidaliyaa ‘a”n laammidi
-awa ekkidi medhettidosona.

6. Goofatho Morphology and Syntax- ELGo 2082- BY- BEREKET SAMUEL 4
 Sunthi medhdhiya Some ‘-ncha’
Ha somiyaa dola qaalata bolla gujjishin:
Mallas:
 Sunthi medhdhiya Some ‘-tethi‘
Ha somiya ekkidi qaala meddhiya daro Goofatho qaalati de7oosona. Some ‘-tethi’gujishin issibaas
hanota bessees. Ha somey ubba wode sunthi medhdhiya gidishin sunthaykka yoho sunthi gidees.
Mallas:
Dude -duudetethi
na7a - na7atethi
panthi -panthatethi
Siiqo – siiqotethi
Doso – dosetethi
Payya- payyatethi
Shooro – shoorotethi
Lo7o- lo7otethi
Ooso – oosancha
Goshshe- goshshancha
Mooto- mootancha
Hargge- harggancha
Doona- doonancha
Meto- metancha
Xaafo- xaafancha
Laaso- laasancha
Era – erancha
Nabbabo – nabbabancha
Hayzo – hayzancha
Looho – loohancha
Hiilla – hiillancha
Pilggethi- pilggancha nne
hhm.
Qoncciso:
Ha qommo mallan be7ishin, -tethi somey dola sunthan gidin sunqqon gelikko
yoho sunthi (abstract name) medhettees guussi.
Qoncciso:
Ha imettida mallatappe mallas: oosoy - asa na7i
aqanaw, pee7anaw (duussas)koshshiya bertte miishe
gidishin, Oosanchi - oothiya ase guussi woy oothiya
uraa guussi.
Ase – asatethi
Geeshshi – geeshshatethi
Gelo – geletethi
Eko – eketethi
Iita -iitatethi
Allaga – allagatethi nne h.h.melata

7. Goofatho Morphology and Syntax- ELGo 2082- BY- BEREKET SAMUEL 5
C. Sunqo Medhdhiya Someta Gujon
❖ Sunqo medhdhiya Some ‘-ama’
Ha somey gelishe sunthi gidida qaalata sunqqon laammees. Mallas:
D. Zaaretho qaalata Some -eretha ekon
Issibay zaari zaari oosettiyaaba woy henettiyabaa bessanaw maaddiyaa qaalata medho guussi.
Hessi medhettishe sunthanne sunqqo mela wurssetha some ekkoosona.
Mallas:
Cadda + (-eretha) = caderetha.
Pitta + (-eretha) = piteretha
Meecca + (-eretha) =meeceretha
Ekka + (-eretha) = ekeretha
Maxa + (-eretha) = maxeretha
Mentha + (-eretha) = mentheretha
Qora + (-eretha) =qoreretha
Katha + (-eretha) = kaseretha
Ootha + (-eretha) = ooseretha
Wotha + (-eretha) = woseretha
sunthi some sunqqo
1 doona -ama doonama
2 Shene -ama Shenaama
3 Ulo -ama Ulaama
4 Wolqqa -ama Wolqqaama
5 wozana -ama Wozanaama
6 Kace -ama Kacaama
7 Toho -ama Tohaama
8 Suule -ama Suulaama
9 Eqa -ama eqaama
Medho hanotay peesho qaalaa bolla some –eretha
yegethan medhettis
Medho hanotay peesho qaalaa bolla some –eretha yegethan
medhettidaanne koyro qaalaappe minni si7ettiya kooshiyaa
leppison medhettis. Mallas: cadda → caderetha
Medho hanotay koyro, ha peeshotan wursetha some /-th/ dhayidi /s/
ekkees. Hessi haniday he peeshoti sunthan laamettishina. Wurssetha
koosheti /th/ gidida peeshoti sunthan laamettishin /th/ /s/ n laamettidi
erettida some /-ereth-/ ekkees. Mallas
Peesho sunthi
katha kaso
ootha ooso

8. Goofatho Morphology and Syntax- ELGo 2082- BY- BEREKET SAMUEL 6
2.2. Ooratha Qaala Medho
Wodey laametti laametti bishin, teknoloojjey, asaa eratethay dicci dicci bishin oorathabay
yeyssappe denddoyssan ooratha qaalati medhetteyssi attonnabaa. Nu Goofatho doonankka
geetettida mela dumma dumma wodetan dumma dumma qaalati Goofatho doonaa eranchatan
medhettidosona. Medhettidaanne medhettishe de7iyaa qaalata medho hanotay qaalaappe qanxxi
qanxxi woy muuci ekon issibaas eqqanaadan udon, gizzidi hessi yaaniyaakko ha miishiyaa woy
hanotaa qonccisanaw dandda7ees geyssan medhettidosonanne medhettoosona. Ane hayssappe
garssan medhettida ooratha qaalata be7oos.
1. De7i-darsso
2. Medhi darsso
3. Medh-demo
4. Mattuma
5. Besoode
6. Adarsso
7. Bessibolla
8. Qaadisa
9. Xolqqisethi
10. Beere
2.3. De7iyaa qaalatas hara birshshethi imon
Ha ogey kase asay eriyaa woy go7ettishe de7iyaa qaalatas hara guja birshethi imon medhettiyaa
hanota guussi. Ane hayssappe garssan enttappe uugata be7ishin:
1. Tura : ha qaalas kase “ mitha bolla zaa7iyaa maata kochi” geetettiyaa birshethi imettidaa
gidishin qassi “zira bagga woykko kumetha qofa oykkonna doona kifile” geetettiyaa guzha
birshethi Goofatho doona eranchatan imettis. Mallas: xooni zine giyappe.( tura)
2. Kaara: ha qaalaas kase “keetha qustte” geetettiyaa birshethi de7ees. Ha7i qassi Goofatho
doona eranchati ha qaalaas “issi daassi woy adarssoy xaafettiyaa allalle” geetettiyaa guzha
birshethi imettis.
3. Daassa: ha qaalaas kase “mentho shaho” geetettiyaa birshethi de7iyaa gidishin, ha7i qassi
doonaa eranchatan ha qaalaas “issi hanida uuga meega qofati wol gakkidi medhdhiya
adarsso shaaho.” geetettiyaa guzha birshethi imettis.
4. Adarsso: ha qaalaas kase asi baqulora woy parara adarssishin adarsso goos; ha7i qassi iyaw
imettida birshshethay issi dalgga gidida daassata shiiqo.
11. Medha-medho
12. Bessindo
13. Sunbeqo
14. Odaawa
15. Haasgina
16. Keso
17. Ustta
18. Guttuma
19. Kabexa
20. Denthethi eriso
21. Bornnasho
22. Sunqqo
23. Qawosa
24. Bessibolla
25. Qabima

9. Goofatho Morphology and Syntax- ELGo 2082- BY- BEREKET SAMUEL 7
5. Meqethi: hayssi qassi kase asas gidin do7as bolla kifiletan ashoppe gaathan de7iyaa minobaa
gidishin, ha7i qassi medh-darsson gidin de7i-darsson taarikiyaan ooso gaasonne demoti
wolira tukettishe, bilettishe, qaxettishe, dalggishe, tashe kessishe wurssethi beyssa mallees.
6. Doona : ha qaalaas kase asi odettanaw, iyan kathi maanaw maaddiyaa bolla kifiletape issuwa
gidishin ha7i qassi asa na7i harara haasayan pa qofaa laamerettanaw maaddiyaaba geetettidi
imettis.
7. Ayfe: kase ha qaalaas asa na7i xeellanaw go7ettiyaa bolla kifiletappe issuwaa gidishin, ha7i
qassi ha qaalaas nu issi medh-darsso ooso nabbabiyaa gidikko, coo mela kushe attokko; issibaa
demmoos;taarikiyaappe nu nabbabidi demmiyaa cuucuma qofay ayfe geetettees.
8. Dom77e: ha qaalaas kase issibay issibaara wolin dom77ettishin dom77e geetettiyaa gidishin,
ha7i qassi, issi medh-darsso giddo odaawati wolira dom77ettishe issoy issuwa qeranaw
baaxetiya baaxenne he baaxiyaan nuna suukeyees; wurssethaa be7anaw gaadde woxiseeyssi
dom77e geetettees.
2.4. Garthe Qaala Ekkidi Qaala Medho
Doona geetettida ubbaan qaala hara doonape garxxi ekkonnay baawa. Garxxi ekoy doonas
wotha woga. Garthi eggetethi, borsso woy issi doonay gitatidi woy wolqqaamidi beettiya
gishokka gidenna. Issi doonape qaala garxxi ekkidi miishe woy afili garxidamela guye zaarenna.
Pa buzo shalo udidi ashshees. Qabiman gujidi pa qaalaa dichees. Hayssan baasottidi Goofatho
dooni Amaarathopenne Inggilizetho doonappe unddenna qaalata garxxi ekkidi pa qabbima gaathan
gelisidi go7ettishe gam77is.
Amaarathoppe Inggilizethoppe
1 Tamaare Komppitere
2 Saleeda Telebizhine
3 Asttamaare Iraadone
4 Timirtte Jaakkete
5 Pooqe Ayyere
6 Dawtare Motore
7 Iskkibirtto Mayke
8 Warqqate Mobayle
9 Simmintto Maashine
10 Maxaafe Chookke
11 Xuufe Koote
12 Pidale Yunbburistte

10. Goofatho Morphology and Syntax- ELGo 2082- BY- BEREKET SAMUEL 8
2.5. Qaalata waaxon
Waatha qaali nam7u dummatiyanne pana danda7i eqqida qaalatape wol gakkidi medhettiya issi
qaala /la77a kooshila/. He nam7u qaalati dumma dumma eqqidi immiya birshethay enti wol
gakkidi immiya birshethaape dummatees. Waatha qaala ubbati sunth gidishin sunthape, sunqope,
peeshope woy nam7atata gahetethan medhettees. Waatha qaali nam7u qaalape mdhettees gishin
nam7u qaalape medhettida qaali ubbay waatha qaala gidanaw danda7enna. Waatha qaalata qassi
heedzu ogetan medho dandda7ettees.
2.5.1. Dooya ogen: ha ogiyaan qaalati xeegettishe nam77u qaaladan
xeegettoosona. Mallas: Waatha qaala Birshetha
✓ Ankko suule → dono qommo
✓ Sa7a shaara → maata qommo
✓ Sa7a Maxine → tukke sawo
✓ Xalahe para → xaqqo qommo
✓ Kafo xugunthi → maata qommo
✓ Kana kasile → mithi qommo
✓ Deesha Maxine → mitha qommo
✓ Doona pogo → miishe/bira
2.5.2. Gordda ogen : ha ogiyaan qaalati xeegettishe issi qaaladan xeegettoosona.
Mallas: waatha qaala
✓ Worssobbo
✓ Aswodha
✓ Shocwodha
2.5.3. zihe ogen(-) : ha ogiyan nam77uppe dariyaa qaalatan medhettiyaa gidishin,
medhettishe ba giddon zihe (-) malaatan shaahettees.
Mallas: Xoossa-na7a-oge
Mootha-na7a-cadhdhe
Qaare-gozh-gozho

11. Goofatho Morphology and Syntax- ELGo 2082- BY- BEREKET SAMUEL 9
2.6. Issi qaalappe hara qaala medho
Ha ogiyan kase de7iyaa dola qaalatappe haraa dumma dumma ooratha qaalata medho
dandda7ettees. Mallas: “danggarssi” giyaa qaalaappe kessishin
Gara, Agga, Arssi, Gana, Ira, Darssa, Dara, Dirssi, Singga, Sangga, Sira,
Kuuyethi
Kumethan xaaxi waaxishin, bollara shiishida qofatan Goofathon qaali waani waani medhettanaw
dandda7iyakko qanthan loythidi be7ida. Qaali dumma dumma someta guzhon (sunthi, sunqqo),
hara qaalape aacison, nam77u qalata sigethidi issi waatha qaala mdhon, tekinooloje dichan ooratha
(kase baynna) qaala medhoninne garthan medhetteyssa xomoosida. Hiza puden qonccida ogetan
xalla medhettees guussi gidonnashin hara daro ogetikka de7eyssanne puden qonccettidayssatan
teqettonnayssa eranaw bessees.

12. Goofatho Morphology and Syntax- ELGo 2082- BY- BEREKET SAMUEL 10
Markka maxaafeta
Baaso Goofatho Doona (G0LL- 111) Arba Mince Astamaareta Loohisiya Kollooje
ቀላል የአማርኛ ሰዋሰዉ ፤ለኮሌጅ ተማሪዎች