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IPV4 vs IPV6
This document compares and contrasts IPv4 and IPv6. It begins by defining Internet Protocol (IP) and its purpose of identifying hosts and enabling location addressing. It then describes IPv4, including its 32-bit address structure, address notation, and class-based allocation that resulted in address exhaustion issues. The document also covers IPv6's 128-bit addresses that provide vastly more capacity to address this problem. Key differences between IPv4 and IPv6 are outlined, such as IPv6's elimination of NAT. The concepts of subnetting, supernetting, and private address ranges are also introduced to optimize IPv4 network design.
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IPV4 vs IPV6
- 1. IPv4 vs IPv6 PresentedDevang Doshi on: Aug 27, 2015
- 2. Index • Internet Protocol(IP) • IPv4 • IPv6
- 3. What is InternetProtocol (IP)? • As defined in Wikipedia, an Internet Protocol address (IP address) is • a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) • participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication • with two Principal functions: • host or network interface identification • location addressing • Physical Address: MAC • Logical Address: IP Address Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6 Image source: http://blog.vuze.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/vuze_how_to_configure_envelope.png
- 4. Internet Protocol (IP)Versions • Versions in use: • IP Version 4 (IPv4: 172.16.254.1) • IP Version 6 (IPv6: 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1) • The generic term IP address typically refers to IPv4 • Version number 5: • Assigned to experimental Internet Stream Protocol in 1979 • Never referred to as IPv5 Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6
- 5. IPv4 Address • IPv4addresses are 32 bits • ~4 Million address (232 = 4294967296) • Dotted-decimal notation • 4 decimal numbers • Ranging from 0 to 255 • Separated by dots (.) • Each part represents a group of 8 bits (octet) of the address Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6 Image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address#/media/File:Ipv4_address.svg
- 6. Classes IP Class IP Range From IP Range To DefaultSubnet Mask Possible Networks Possible Hosts (per network) A 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 255.0.0.0 128 (27) 16,777,216 (224) B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 255.255.0.0 16,384 (214) 65,536 (216) C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 255.255.255.0 2,097,152 (221) 256 (28) D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 Multicast E 240.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 Experimental Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6
- 7. Reserved Private IPs •The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of the IP address space for private internets: • 10/8 • 172.16/12 • 192.168/16 Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6 IP Class IP Range From IP Range To A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 B 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 C 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 Loopback 127.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 (127.0.0.1)
- 8. Subnet Mask • Subnetmask: reveal additional information about IP • Network and Host • 255: 11111111 • 0: 00000000 Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6 IP: 10.1.0.217 00001010.00000001.00000000.11011001 Subnet: 255.0.0.0 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
- 9. Subnet Mask • DefaultSubnet Mask • Decimal to Subnet Conversion Table *Total of Rows = Total of Columns = 256 Subnet 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255 DW 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6 IP Class IP Range From IP Range To Default Subnet Mask Possible Networks Possible Hosts (per network) A 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 255.0.0.0 128 (27) 16,777,216 (224) B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 255.255.0.0 16,384 (214) 65,536 (216) C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 255.255.255.0 2,097,152 (221) 256 (28)
- 10. Subnetting Internet Protocol (IP)IPv4 IPv6 • Create more networks by allocating a part of the host address space to network addresses • Get most out of the limited 32-bit IPv4 addressing space • Reduce the size of the routing tables • Class A, class B, class C, doesn't matter Image source: http://iblog.dearbornschools.org/bazziart/wp-content/uploads/sites/625/2015/03/folded-paper-300x386.jpg
- 11. Subnetting: Class CNetwork Create two subnet (192.168.1.0 /24) 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 Two networks, 1 fold = 1 bit to borrow 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 255.255.255.128 Increment:128 Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6 Subnet 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255 DW 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Net Id Valid IP Range LBA* 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.126 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.129 192.168.1.244 192.168.1.255 *Local Broadcast Address
- 12. Supernetting Internet Protocol (IP)IPv4 IPv6 • Supernetting, aka, • Route aggregation OR • Summarization • Opposite of Subnetting • Router announce what they have, to other routers • So that all the routers in an area come to know entire topology or the part of it which is relevant to them • Routers should talk as little as possible Image source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Supernetting_-_Esquema_1_resuelto.jpg
- 13. IPv6 Internet Protocol (IP)IPv4 IPv6 • Why IPv6? • IPv4 is 32 bit address (11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111) • Capacity ~4 Million address (232 = 4294967296) • Shortage of IPv4 • IPv6 address are 128 bit • Capacity 3.4028236692093846346337460743177e+38 (2128 = 2.4 x 1038) • Dotted-decimal notation • 8 hexadecimal • Ranging from 0 to F • Separated by dots (.) Image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6#/media/File:Ipv6_address_leading_zeros.svg
- 14. IPv6: Different fromIPv4 Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6 • IPv6 has multicast and anycast addresses • No broadcast addresses • IPv6 has no secondary addresses, though it can have multiple live IPv6 addresses on an interface • No private addresses • There is a link local or Personal IP address like 169.254.x.x • Starts with fe80::9880:3bfe:75c:4121%11 • IPv6 address for the world to use starts from 2001 • 2001:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx • Elimination of network address translation (NAT) in IPv6
- 15. IPv6: Different fromIPv4 Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 IPv6 Image source: http://www.certiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/IPV6-vs-IPV4.jpg
- 16. Reference: Websites • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address •https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1918 • http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19455-01/806-0916/ipconfig- 31/index.html • http://www.certiology.com/computing/computer- networking/ipv6-vs-ipv4.html
- 17. Reference: Lynda.com onlinecourses • Understanding IP Address (with Mark Jacob) http://www.lynda.com/iP-tutorials/Understanding-IP-Addressing/184145-2.html • Everything You Need to Know about Subnetting (with Mark Jacob) http://www.lynda.com/MyPlaylist/Watch/5460783/187391?autoplay=true • Getting to Know IPv6 (with Mark Jacob) http://www.lynda.com/MyPlaylist/Watch/5460783/189176?autoplay=true 0h 36m 2h 22m 0h 56m
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- 19. Thank you foryour time
Editor's Notes
- #7 Decimal System – Base of 10 Binary System – Base of 2 - Computer do maths in Binary Subnet and Decimal Weight
- #9 11111111 means belong to the network 00000000 means belong to the host
- #10 How IP classes and default subnet mask are identified
- #11 Piece of paper represents subnetting. Folds = gives you subnets Show folding If you have one network and you need six networks. Keep in mind, computers do math. We're talking about binary bits, powers of two. Notice when I did the folding, I had two then four then eight, if we continue folding it, the next one would be 16, 32. It keeps incrementing in powers of two every time I fold my piece of paper, I double my number of networks. So, if I need six networks, how many times do I have to fold that to get to six or at least six? One fold gets me two. Two folds gets me four. Three folds gets me eight.
- #12 Each fold represents a bit to borrow How to calculate increment Increment = decimal weight value below the subnet mask Number of available network in each ip address: 2 raise to number of host bits minus 2 = (2^h – 2) So for class C network without subnetting, you have 2^8-2 = 256 – 2 = 254 After subnetting, we have 2^7-2 = 128 – 2 = 126 in each network
- #14 If we assumes 2.4 x 1038 channels on TV and If you are flipping 322 trillion channels per second, then it will take 30 quadrillion years (million, billion, trillion, quadrillion) to flip through all channels
- #15 IPv4 has broadcast, unicast and multicast addresses
- #16 IPv4 has broadcast, unicast and multicast addresses