this slide describe what is ipv4 and ipv6 and also some differences between them.

1. IPv4 and IPv6
Rishav Bhurtel
0307 A

2. • an identifier for a particular machine on a particular network.
• The network portion of the IP address is allocated to internet service
provider(ISP), under authority of the Internet Assigned Number
Authority (IANA).
• Which section of the IP address represent the network & which
sections represent the machine will depend on what “class” of IP
address is assigned to a network.

3. IPV4
• Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth version of the Internet
Protocol (IP). It is one of the core protocols of standards-based
internetworking methods in the Internet
• 32 bits
• 2^32 = 4,294,967,296
• IPv4 is a connectionless protocol for use on packet-switched
networks.

4. IPv4 Addressing
• The 32-bit IP address is grouped eight bits at a time, separated by dots,
and represented in decimal format (known as dotted decimal notation).
Each bit in the octet has a binary weight (128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1). The
minimum value for an octet is 0, and the maximum value for an octet is
255.The figure below illustrates the basic format of an IP address.
•

5. IPv4 Address Scheme :
• An IP packet contains several types of information, as
illustrated.

6. • Version---Indicates the version of IP currently used.
 IP Header Length (IHL)---Indicates the datagram header length in 32-bit words.
 Type-of-Service---Assigns datagrams various levels of importance.
 Total Length---Specifies the length, in bytes, of the entire IP packet.
 Identification---Contains an integer that identifies the current datagram.
 Flags---The two low-order (least-significant) bits control fragmentation. The low-order
bit specifies whether the packet can be fragmented. The middle bit specifies whether
the packet is the last fragment in a series of fragmented packets. The third or high-
order bit is not used.
 Fragment Offset---Indicates the position of the fragment's data relative to the
beginning of the data in the original datagram.
 Time-to-Live---Maintains a counter that gradually decrements down to zero, at which
point the datagram is discarded. This keeps packets from looping endlessly.
 Protocol---Indicates which upper-layer protocol receives incoming packets after IP
processing is complete.
 Header Checksum---Helps ensure IP header integrity.
 Source Address---Specifies the sending node.
 Destination Address---Specifies the receiving node.
 Options---Allows IP to support various options, such as security.
 Data---Contains upper-layer information.

7. • IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses for Ethernet communication in five
classes, named A, B, C, D and E.

8. Private addresses to assign within a network
(Not globally routable)
In its simplest configuration, the Network Address Translator (NAT)
operates on a router connecting two networks together; one of
these networks (designated as inside) is addressed with either
private or obsolete addresses that need to be converted into legal
addresses before packets are forwarded onto the other network
(designated as outside). The translation operates in conjunction
with routing, so that NAT can simply be enabled on an Internet
access router when translation is desired.

9. Schema diagram:

10. IPv6
• Pv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is a set of specifications from the
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that's essentially an
upgrade of IP version 4 (IPv4).
• 32 bits to 128 bits.
• 2^128 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
• And a new type of address called an "anycast address" is defined,
used to send a packet to any one of a group of nodes.
• Authentication and Privacy Capabilities Extensions to support
authentication, data integrity, and (optional) data confidentiality
are specified for IPv6.

11. IPv6 Address Scheme :
• An IP packet contains several types of information, as
illustrated.

12. • Version (4-bits): It represents the version of Internet Protocol, i.e. 0110.
• Traffic Class (8-bits): These 8 bits are divided into two parts. The most significant 6 bits are
used for Type of Service to let the Router Known what services should be provided to this
packet. The least significant 2 bits are used for Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN).
• Flow Label (20-bits): This label is used to maintain the sequential flow of the packets
belonging to a communication. The source labels the sequence to help the router identify
that a particular packet belongs to a specific flow of information. This field helps avoid re-
ordering of data packets. It is designed for streaming/real-time media.
• Payload Length (16-bits): This field is used to tell the routers how much information a
particular packet contains in its payload. Payload is composed of Extension Headers and
Upper Layer data.
• Next Header (8-bits): This field is used to indicate either the type of Extension Header, or if
the Extension Header is not present
• Hop Limit (8-bits): This field is used to stop packet to loop in the network infinitely. This is
same as TTL in IPv4. The value of Hop Limit field is decremented by 1 as it passes a link
(router/hop). When the field reaches 0 the packet is discarded.
• Source Address (128-bits): This field indicates the address of originator of the packet.
• Destination Address (128-bits): This field provides the address of intended recipient of the
packet.

13. IPV6 address
The 128-bit IP address is represented as 8 groups of 4
hexadecimal digits, each group representing 16 bits (2
octets). The groups are separated by colons(:). The minimum
value for an octet is 0, and the maximum value for an octet is
F. The figure below illustrates the basic format of an IP
address.

14.  difference between IPv4 and
IPv6
S.N IPv4 IPv6
1. Addresses are 32 bits (4 bytes) long. Addresses are 128 bits (416 bytes) long.
2. Both routers & sending host fragment the
packets.
Routers don’t fragment the packets but
sending host fragment the packets.
3. Header includes a checksum. Header doesn’t includes a checksum.

15.  difference between IPv4 and
IPv6 cont…S.N IPv4 IPv6
4. Classes of addressing are A, B, C, D, E. Classes of addressing are unicast, anycast,
multicast.
5. Configure either manually or through DHCP. Doesn’t require manual configuration.
6. Must support a 576 byte packet size. Must support 1208 byte packet size.

16.  difference between IPv4 and
IPv6 cont…S.N IPv4 IPv6
7. IPv4 address uses the dot-decimal notation. IPv6 address are represented in a
hexadecimal, colon-separated notation.
8. Not suitable for mobile networks. IPv6 is better suited to mobile networks.
9. Address space is small (232). Larger address space (2128).

17.  difference between IPv4 and
IPv6 cont…S.N IPv4 IPv6
10. Internet protocol security(IPSec) is mandatory in
this.
IPSec is optional.
11. An IP address is made up of 4 bytes of
information expressed as 4 number between 0 &
255 shown separated by periods.
e.g.- 238.17.159.4
An IPv6 address is represented by 8 group of
16 bit hexadecimal values separated by colons
(:).
e.g.-
2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

18. • What's Next? IPv7?
• Even with 20 years of TCP networks UUCP still exists
• IPv6 to IPv4 NAT is just an interim solution, will not work with all
protocols.

19. Thank You!