The document provides an overview of Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and IPv6, including key concepts such as IP addresses, subnetting, network address translation (NAT), and dual IP stacks. It defines the core components and classifications of IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, and how devices configure TCP/IP settings like default gateways and DNS servers.
This tutorial gives very good understanding on CCNA Dynamic Routing Protocols.After completing this tutorial,You will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in knowing Advance Networking(CCNA)
1.What is IP address
2.When & how it was devised
3.IPV4 Features & its functionality
4.Benefits of IPV4 & Devices supporting IPV4
5.Problems of IPV4 & What happened to IPV5
6.What led to IPV6
7.IPV6 Features & Functionality
8.Benefits of IPV6 & supporting devices
9.How transition from IPV4 to IPV6 will happen
10.Problems & challenges that are anticipated & Conclusion
Slides for a college course at City College San Francisco. Based on "Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense, Third Edition" by Michael T. Simpson, Kent Backman, and James Corley -- ISBN: 9781285454610.
Instructor: Sam Bowne
Class website: https://samsclass.info/123/123_S17.shtml
This tutorial gives very good understanding on CCNA Dynamic Routing Protocols.After completing this tutorial,You will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in knowing Advance Networking(CCNA)
1.What is IP address
2.When & how it was devised
3.IPV4 Features & its functionality
4.Benefits of IPV4 & Devices supporting IPV4
5.Problems of IPV4 & What happened to IPV5
6.What led to IPV6
7.IPV6 Features & Functionality
8.Benefits of IPV6 & supporting devices
9.How transition from IPV4 to IPV6 will happen
10.Problems & challenges that are anticipated & Conclusion
Slides for a college course at City College San Francisco. Based on "Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense, Third Edition" by Michael T. Simpson, Kent Backman, and James Corley -- ISBN: 9781285454610.
Instructor: Sam Bowne
Class website: https://samsclass.info/123/123_S17.shtml
8-Lect_8 Addressing the Network.tcp.pptxZahouAmel1
Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing the Network.Addressing
This presentation gives a brief description about IP Address (Internet protocol address), Classes of IPv4. And also included, what is IPv4 and what is IPv6.
Atualização do exercício interativo de Windows XP para o Windows 7. Funciona melhor se for baixado. Dúvidas ou sugestões, postem um comentário. A segunda parte virá em breve. Aguardem!
Exercício de Windows XP em powerpoint. Funciona melhor se for baixado. A atualização para o Windows 7 está aqui - http://pt.slideshare.net/FabioAlmeida8/exerccio-interativo-windows-7
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
3. • Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth version of the Internet
Protocol and the first version to be widely deployed
• IPv4 is a frequently used communications protocol and is one of the
core protocols for the Internet
• IP resides on the network layer of the OSI model
IPv4
4. • IP addresses consist of four octets (8-bits), each between 0 and 255.
• Examples include:
• 12.5.24.2
• 127.0.0.1
• 192.168.3.54
• 208.32.56.232
• In order for an IP address to function, there must be a properly
configured IP address and compatible subnet mask
• To connect to the Internet (or any remote network), you will also need
a gateway address and – optionally – a DNS server address
IP Addresses
5. • The IPv4 classification system is known as a classful network
architecture broken down into five sections: Classes A, B, and C are
commonly used
• An Class A IP address, the first octet is the “network” portion
Classful Network Architecture
Class IP Range
(1st Octet)
Default Subnet
Mask
Network ID / Host ID Networks
Possible
Usable
Addresses
A 0 – 127 255.0.0.0 Net.Host.Host.Host 2^7 = 128 2^24 – 2 =
16,777,214
B 128 - 191 255.255.0.0 Net.Net.Host.Host 2^14 = 16,384 2^16 – 2 =
65,534
C 192 – 223 255.255.255.0 Net.Net.Net.Host 2^21 =
2,097,151
2^9 -2 = 254
D 224 - 239 N/A N/A N/A N/A
E 240 - 255 N/A N/A N/A N/A
6. • The range for Class A is 0–127
• The 127 network number isn’t used by hosts as a logical IP address
Instead, this network is used for loopback IP addresses, allowing for
testing
Loopback Testing
7. • Usable addresses are always going to be two less than the
mathematical amount.
• The first and last addresses cannot be used
• For network 172.24.3.X
• The 0 (in binary) for the host address is the entire network
• 172.24.3.0
• The 1s (in binary) for the host address is the broadcast address
• 172.24.3.255
• Class D and Class E are not used by regular hosts
• Class D is used for what is known as multicasting—transmitting data to multiple computers (or routers)
• Class E was reserved for future use, but this has given way to IPv6 instead
Usable Addresses
10. • IP conflicts occur when two devices have been assigned the same IP
address
• Windows Error:
There is an IP address conflict with another system on the network
• If there is an IP address conflict, the devices will have problems sending
and receiving data
IP Conflict
11. • IPv4 addresses are further classified as either public or private. Public
IP addresses are ones that are exposed to the Internet
• Devices connected to the Internet can potentially communicate with them
• Private IP addresses are hidden from the Internet and any other
networks
• Usually behind an IP proxy or firewall device
• Private Address
Public and Private Addresses
Class Start of Range End of Range
A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255
B 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255
C 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
12. • Static IP address are addresses that are manually assigned to a host
• Dynamic IP addresses are more common than static IP addresses,
whereas they automatically obtain an IP address (and other IP
information)
Static and Dynamic Addresses
13. • APIPA is an acronym for Automatic Private IP Addressing
• It uses a single Class B network number: 169.254.0.0
• If a Windows client cannot get an IP address from a DHCP server and
has not been configured statically, it will auto-assign a number on this
network
APIPA
14. • For a device to communicate on the Internet, a default gateway and
DNS server must be assigned
• Default gateway – Provides a default route for TCP/IP hosts to use when
communicating with hosts on remote networks
The first IP address of the device that a client computer will look for
when attempting to gain access outside the local network
• DNS Server – The server that provides name resolution of domain
names to IP addresses
Default Gateway and DNS Server
16. • Network address translation (NAT) provides a method for translating IPv4
addresses of devices on one network into IPv4 addresses of devices on a
different network
• NAT was developed to provide a temporary solution to the IPv4 address
issue
• Enables one address space (private) to be re-mapped to another address
space, or perhaps re-mapped to a single public IP address
Network Address Translation
19. • Subnetting is the subdivision of your logical IP network
• By default, all computers are on one subnet or network with no divisions
involved.
• My modifying the default subnet mask, you can subnet your network into
multiple smaller networks.
Subnetting
Type Decimal Binary
Class A 255.0.0.0 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
Class B 255.255.0.0 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Class C 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
22. • IPv6 is the new generation of IP addressing for the Internet
• IPv6 solves many of the limitations of IPv4, including address space and
security
• IPv6 addresses are represented as 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits
• IPv6 is not backward compatible with IPv4
• IPv6 is a 128-bit system while IPv4 is only a 32-bit system
• IPv4 allows approximately 4.3 billion IP addresses
• IPv6 allows 3.4 X 10^38 (340 undecillion) addresses
IPv6
23. • Unicast address: Packet is delivered to a single network interface
There are two types of unicast addresses:
• Global unicast addresses are routable and displayed directly to the Internet
• Link local address are automatically configured addresses to communicate with devices on the same link (subnet)
• Anycast address: Identifies multiple interfaces, but the packet is delivered
to the nearest of the network interfaces (routing distance)
• Multicast address: Packet is delivered to multiple network interfaces
IPv6 Addresses Types
24. • IPv6 addresses are broken down into three parts:
• Site prefix: The first three groups of numbers that define the “network”
• Subnet ID: Defines the individual subnet of the network that the address is
located on
• Interface ID: The individual host IP portion
• IPv6 Address: 2001:4860:0000:2001:0000:0000:0000:0068
IPv6 Address Components
Site Prefix Subnet ID Interface ID
2001.4860.0000
48 bits
2001
16 bits
0000:0000:0000:0068
64 bits
26. • A dual IP stack exists when there are two Internet Protocol software
implementations in an operating system, one for IPv4 and another for
IPv6
• Dual stack IP hosts can run IPv4 and IPv6 independently, or they can
use a hybrid implementation, which is the most commonly used
method for modern operating systems
Dual IP Stack
27. • IPv4-mapped addresses have the first 80 bits set to 0 (note the double
colon), the next 16 set to 1 (shown as ffff), and the last 32 bits
populated by the IPv4 address
• These addresses look like IPv6 addresses, other than the last 32 bits,
which are written in the customary dot-decimal notation.
• IPv4-mapped IPv6 address for address 10.254.254.1 is
::ffff:10.254.254.1
IPv4-Mapped Addresses
28. • IPv6 packets can be encapsulated inside IPv4 datagrams.
• In Microsoft operating systems, this is generally done with the Teredo
adapter, which is a virtual adapter or “pseudo-interface,” not a physical
network adapter. An example of one of these addresses would be:
Fe80::5efe:10.0.0.2%2
IPv4 to IPv6 Tunneling
29. • Be able to categorize IPv4 addresses using classifications such as Class A,
B, and C
• You have learned the default gateway and DNS server are and how to
configure them within a network adapter’s TCP/IP properties dialog box.
• Be able to define advanced TCP/IP concepts, such as NAT and subnetting,
and how to create network subnets.
• You have learned the basics of IPv6 and how to configure IPv6 by using
the command line
• You have learned how to define IPv6 dual stack and tunneling
technologies
Summary
30. Additional Resources & Next Steps
Books
• Exam 98-366: MTA
Networking
Fundamentals (Microsoft
Official Academic
Course)
Instructor-Led Courses
• 40033A: Windows Operating System and Windows
Server Fundamentals: Training 2-Pack for MTA
Exams 98-349 and 98-365 (5 Days)
• 40349A: Windows Operating System Fundamentals:
MTA Exam 98-349 (3 Days)
• 40032A: Networking and Security Fundamentals:
Training 2-Pack for MTA Exams 98-366 and 98-367
(5 Days)
• 40366A: Networking Fundamentals: MTA Exam 98-
366
Exams &
Certifications
• Exam 98-366:
Networking
Fundamentals
Editor's Notes
This should also be a review for the 70-642.
Hint: To make it easier, make sure the students open the view menu and select Digit Grouping
Remember each bit doubles the number of available addresses