The document discusses the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, highlighting the larger address space of IPv6 with its 128-bit structure, necessary due to the depletion of IPv4 addresses. It outlines coexistence strategies for both protocols, including dual stack, tunneling, and header translation, along with the advantages of IPv6 such as increased scalability and integrated security. The document also mentions World IPv6 Day and the ongoing adoption of IPv6, which is crucial for accommodating the growing internet population.

1. IPv6
Presented by:
Maryam Asghar BTS 43
Hamza Tareen BTS 31
Ahsan Mirza BTS 30
Arsalan BTS 49
Ali Hassan BTS 14-29

2. The Need for IPv6
• IPv6 has a larger 128-bit address space,
providing
(340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,76
8,211,456 to be exact) addresses. This
provides roughly 50 octillion addresses per
person alive on Earth today, or roughly 3.7 x
1021 addresses per square inch of the Earth’s
surface.
• A lack of Internet addresses caused web
programmes slow down.
• To allow the Internet to continue to grow and
spread across the world, implementing IPv6 is
necessary.

3. The Need for IPv6
• The depletion of IPv4 address space
has been the motivating factor for
moving to IPv6
• IPv4 has a theoretical maximum of 4.3
billion addresses. With an increasing
Internet population, a limited IPv4
address space, issues with NAT and an
Internet of Everything.
• The time has come to begin the
transition to IPv6.

4. IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence
• There is not a single date to move to IPv6. For the
future, both IPv4 and IPv6 will coexist. The IETF has
created various protocols and tools to help
network administrators migrate their networks to
IPv6. The migration techniques can be divided into
three categories:
• Dual Stack –A station must run IPv4 and IPv6
simultaneously until all the Internet uses IPv6. To
determine which version to use when sending a
packet to a destination to the source host queries
the DNS. If the DNS return an IPv4 address, the
source host sends an IPv4 packet. If the DNS return
an IPv6 address, the source host sends an IPv6
packet.

5. IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence
• Tunneling: is a strategy used when two computer
using IPv6 want to communicate with each other and
the packet must pass through a region that uses an
IPv4. To pass through this region the packet must
have an IPv4 address. So the IPv6 packet is
encapsulated in IPv4 packet when it enters the
region, and it leaves its capsule when it exits the
region. It seems as if the IPv6 packet enters the
tunnel at one end and emerges at other end.
• Header Translation: sender wants to use Ipv6 but the
receiver does not understand Ipv6
• Tunneling does not worked
• Must Ipv4 format to understood
• Header format totally changed

6. Benefits of IPv6
IPv6 offers the following features:
• Increased Address Space and
Scalability – providing the absurd
number of possible addresses stated
previously.
• Integrated Security – provides built-in
authentication and encryption into the
IPv6 network header
• Compatibility with IPv4 – simplifies
address migration, as IPv6 is backward-
compatible with IPv4

7. IPv6 Address Representation
• An IPv6 address is represented as eight
groups of four hexadecimal digits, each
group representing 16 bits (two octets, a
group sometimes also called a hextet). The
groups are separated by colons (:).
• 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
• The hexadecimal digits are case-insensitive.
• The full representation of IPv6 have
following techniques;
• Leading zeroes in a group may be omitted,
but each group must retain at least one
hexadecimal digit.
• Thus, the example address may be written
as: 2001:db8:85a3:0:0:8a2e:370:7334

8. IPv6 Address Representation(cont.)
• One or more consecutive groups of zero
value may be replaced with a single
empty group using two consecutive
colons (::)
• but the substitution may only be applied
once in the address, because multiple
occurrences would create an ambiguous
representation.
• For example
2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
can be written as
2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334

9. What happened to IPv5?
• Version 5 of the IP family was an
experimental protocol developed in the
1980s. IPv5 (also called the Internet
Stream Protocol) was never widely
deployed.
• Since the number 5 was already
allocated, this number was not
considered for the successor to IPv4.
• Several proposals were suggested as the
IPv4 successor, and each was assigned a
number. In the end, it happened that the
one with version number 6 was selected.

10. IPv6 Address Types
• Unicast - An IPv6 unicast address
uniquely identifies an interface on an
IPv6-enabled device
• Multicast - An IPv6 multicast address is
used to send a single IPv6 packet to
multiple destinations.
• Anycast - An IPv6 anycast address is any
IPv6 unicast address that can be assigned
to multiple devices. A packet sent to an
anycast address is routed to the nearest
device having that address.

11. World IPv6 Day and World IPv6 Launch Day
• World IPv6 Day was a technical testing and
publicity event in 2011 sponsored and organized
by the Internet Society and several large Internet
content services to test and promote public IPv6
deployment.
• Following the success of the 2011 test day, the
Internet Society carried out a World IPv6
Launch day on June 6, 2012 which, instead of
just a test day, was planned to permanently
enable IPv6 for the products and services of the
participants
• Up till now 20 % of IPv6 has been deployed in
the world and might be possible world will
transit to IPv6 in early 2020 due to shortage of
IPv4.

12. The IPv6 Prefix
• IPv4 utilizes a subnet mask to define the
network “prefix” and “host” portions of
an address.
• IPv6 always use CIDR notation to
determine what bits notate the prefix of
an address:
• Full Address:
1254:1532:26B1:CC14:123:1111:2222:3333/64
Prefix ID: 1254:1532:26B1:CC14:
Host ID: 123:1111:2222:3333
• The /64 indicates that the first 64 bits of
this address identify the prefix.

13. Thank You (;