Types of electron microscope
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There are two main types of electron microscopes: transmission electron microscopes (TEM) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). TEM uses a beam of electrons to image the inside of thin samples, achieving resolutions of less than 1 nanometer. SEM images surfaces by detecting signals from electrons that interact with the sample surface, allowing for resolutions better than 1 nanometer and 3D imaging of bulk samples up to a few centimeters in size. While TEM provides higher magnification and resolution for thin samples, SEM is better suited for larger, surface-level imaging and analysis of composition.
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Cryo electron microscopy
Cryo-electron microscopy is a technique that uses electron microscopes to study biological samples at cryogenic temperatures, allowing them to remain in their native state. It involves rapidly freezing samples to form vitreous ice and observing them without staining or fixing. This technique allows for high magnification imaging at near-atomic resolution while preserving the sample. 3D reconstructions can be generated from tilt series images to visualize the 3D structure of proteins, viruses, and other macromolecules. Notable developments include Frank's algorithms for 3D reconstruction in the 1970s and Henderson determining the first atomic resolution protein structure using cryo-EM in 1990. It has various applications in fields like virology, structural biology, and nanotechnology.
transmission Electron Microscopy (Tem)
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) uses an electron beam to produce highly magnified images of very small specimens. It works by passing electrons through a thin specimen, and its high resolution allows it to view structures as small as viruses. TEM consists of an electron gun, image producing system with lenses, and an image recording system. It has applications in fields like medicine, materials science, and nanotechnology for viewing cell structures, bacteria, and nanoparticles. TEM provides powerful magnification and high-quality images but is also expensive to operate and maintain.
Electron microscopy
Electron microscopy provides high resolution imaging of nanoscale structures using electron beams. There are two main types: transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TEM uses transmitted electrons to image ultra thin samples, allowing visualization of structures less than an angstrom in size. SEM scans a focused electron beam across a sample to generate topographical and compositional information from electron interactions within microns of the surface. Both techniques require specialized sample preparation and equipment to produce high quality images for research applications across biology, materials science, and other fields.
Transmission Electron Microscope
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Transmission electron
The document discusses the transmission electron microscope (TEM). It begins by providing a brief history and overview, explaining that TEM uses electrons rather than light to image specimens. It then describes the key components and working principles of TEM, including how it produces higher resolution images than light microscopes due to electrons' lower wavelength. Finally, it outlines some common applications of TEM in fields like materials science, biology, and manufacturing, and notes advantages like powerful magnification but also disadvantages like high costs and specialized training needs.
Confocal microscopy by prabhat
Confocal microscopy was invented by Marvin Minsky in 1957 and aims to improve resolution over traditional microscopy. It uses point illumination and a pinhole to exclude out-of-focus light and produce thin optical sections and high-contrast images. The key components are a laser light source, dichromatic mirror, pinholes, and photodetector. Confocal microscopy finds applications in cell biology and materials science by allowing optical sectioning and 3D reconstruction. It provides advantages like non-invasiveness, live cell imaging, and depth analysis, but has disadvantages such as photobleaching and loss of intensity.
3. Microscope simple, compound & stereo - Basics
A simple microscope uses a single lens to magnify objects and forms a virtual image. It provides low magnification and is used to examine things like skin, algae, and soil samples.
A compound microscope has two lens systems that provide higher magnification by compounding the magnification of the objective and eyepiece lenses. It allows detailed examination of stained slides and is commonly used in biology labs and medical diagnostics.
A stereo microscope uses two separate optical paths and lens systems to provide a three-dimensional view of surfaces. It has lower magnification than compound microscopes and is used for examining things like insects and circuit boards.
Electron microscope
Electron microscopes use electrons instead of light to view specimens. There are two main types: transmission electron microscopes (TEM) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). TEMs allow electrons to transmit through thin specimens to view internal structures, while SEMs scan specimens with an electron beam to view surface topography. Both require specimens to be placed in a vacuum and provide much higher resolutions than light microscopes. Electron microscopes have enabled novel discoveries in cell biology and other fields by allowing visualization of structures too small to be seen otherwise.
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Cryo electron microscopy
Cryo-electron microscopy is a technique that uses electron microscopes to study biological samples at cryogenic temperatures, allowing them to remain in their native state. It involves rapidly freezing samples to form vitreous ice and observing them without staining or fixing. This technique allows for high magnification imaging at near-atomic resolution while preserving the sample. 3D reconstructions can be generated from tilt series images to visualize the 3D structure of proteins, viruses, and other macromolecules. Notable developments include Frank's algorithms for 3D reconstruction in the 1970s and Henderson determining the first atomic resolution protein structure using cryo-EM in 1990. It has various applications in fields like virology, structural biology, and nanotechnology.
transmission Electron Microscopy (Tem)
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) uses an electron beam to produce highly magnified images of very small specimens. It works by passing electrons through a thin specimen, and its high resolution allows it to view structures as small as viruses. TEM consists of an electron gun, image producing system with lenses, and an image recording system. It has applications in fields like medicine, materials science, and nanotechnology for viewing cell structures, bacteria, and nanoparticles. TEM provides powerful magnification and high-quality images but is also expensive to operate and maintain.
Electron microscopy
Electron microscopy provides high resolution imaging of nanoscale structures using electron beams. There are two main types: transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TEM uses transmitted electrons to image ultra thin samples, allowing visualization of structures less than an angstrom in size. SEM scans a focused electron beam across a sample to generate topographical and compositional information from electron interactions within microns of the surface. Both techniques require specialized sample preparation and equipment to produce high quality images for research applications across biology, materials science, and other fields.
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Transmission electron
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Confocal microscopy by prabhat
Confocal microscopy was invented by Marvin Minsky in 1957 and aims to improve resolution over traditional microscopy. It uses point illumination and a pinhole to exclude out-of-focus light and produce thin optical sections and high-contrast images. The key components are a laser light source, dichromatic mirror, pinholes, and photodetector. Confocal microscopy finds applications in cell biology and materials science by allowing optical sectioning and 3D reconstruction. It provides advantages like non-invasiveness, live cell imaging, and depth analysis, but has disadvantages such as photobleaching and loss of intensity.
3. Microscope simple, compound & stereo - Basics
A simple microscope uses a single lens to magnify objects and forms a virtual image. It provides low magnification and is used to examine things like skin, algae, and soil samples.
A compound microscope has two lens systems that provide higher magnification by compounding the magnification of the objective and eyepiece lenses. It allows detailed examination of stained slides and is commonly used in biology labs and medical diagnostics.
A stereo microscope uses two separate optical paths and lens systems to provide a three-dimensional view of surfaces. It has lower magnification than compound microscopes and is used for examining things like insects and circuit boards.
Electron microscope
Electron microscopes use electrons instead of light to view specimens. There are two main types: transmission electron microscopes (TEM) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). TEMs allow electrons to transmit through thin specimens to view internal structures, while SEMs scan specimens with an electron beam to view surface topography. Both require specimens to be placed in a vacuum and provide much higher resolutions than light microscopes. Electron microscopes have enabled novel discoveries in cell biology and other fields by allowing visualization of structures too small to be seen otherwise.
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The document discusses electron microscopes and their components and operation. Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons instead of light to examine objects at a very fine scale. There are two main types - scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM). SEMs produce higher resolution images than optical microscopes and work by scanning a focused beam of electrons across a sample. TEMs require electron-transparent samples and work by transmitting electrons through a sample to form an image. Both types of electron microscopes have advanced scientific understanding by allowing observation of microscopic structures.
Electron microscope - SEM and TEM
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Light Microscopy
The document provides information about using a compound light microscope, including:
1) The main parts of a compound light microscope are the ocular lenses, body tube, objective lenses, stage, condenser, iris diaphragm, coarse and fine adjustment knobs, and light source.
2) To examine a specimen, the user selects the appropriate objective lens, focuses using the coarse and fine adjustment knobs, and adjusts the condenser and iris diaphragm to control illumination.
3) For oil immersion objectives, oil is added to the slide and specimen to allow for higher magnification imaging.
Cryo electron microscopy
This document discusses cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), a technique used to image biological macromolecules in their native frozen state without staining or chemical fixation. It describes how cryo-EM overcomes limitations of traditional transmission electron microscopy by rapidly freezing samples to vitrify water and prevent ice crystal formation. The document outlines key developments in cryo-EM including contributions from Richard Henderson, Jacques Dubochet, and Joachim Frank who were awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Examples of structures solved using cryo-EM such as the Zika virus and nuclear pore complex are provided. Advantages and applications of cryo-EM are summarized.
Confocal microscopy
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Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons to examine objects on a very fine scale. There are two main types: transmission electron microscopes (TEM) allow study of inner structures by passing electrons through thin samples, while scanning electron microscopes (SEM) are used to visualize surfaces by scanning a focused electron beam over the sample. SEMs detect signals from electron interactions to construct digital images, and require vacuum and conductive samples mounted on stubs. They provide three-dimensional topographical and compositional information at high magnifications.
Transmission electron microscope
TEM is a type of electron microscope that uses electron beams to produce magnified images of samples. TEMs can magnify up to 1 million times, allowing observation of ultrafine cell structures. Sample preparation is required to make specimens thin enough for electrons to pass through. TEMs are very expensive, ranging from $95,000 to over $100,000, but provide high resolution imaging useful for fields like nanotechnology, biology and materials science.
Types of electron microscope
This document discusses four main types of electron microscopes: transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), reflection electron microscope (REM), and low-voltage electron microscope (LVEM). It provides details on the components, imaging mechanisms, advantages, limitations, and typical voltages used for each microscope type. The TEM is noted as the original and most powerful microscope for high resolution imaging, but requires thin sample preparation. The SEM can image thicker bulk samples but provides 3D surface images rather than internal structure. The REM uses elastically scattered electrons for raster scanning. The LVEM provides high contrast images at lower voltages than TEMs, with improved thickness limits over conventional TEM.
Electron microscopy
The document discusses electron microscopy. It describes how electron microscopes use electron beams instead of light to image specimens. There are two main types: transmission electron microscopes, which image thin sections, and scanning electron microscopes, which image surfaces. Electron microscopes provide much higher magnification than light microscopes due to the small wavelength of electrons. They have many applications but also limitations such as not being able to image living specimens.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
The document discusses scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It describes SEM as using a beam of electrons to examine objects on a fine scale, yielding information about topography, morphology, composition, and crystal structure. It outlines the main parts of an SEM, including the electron gun, electromagnetic lenses, vacuum chamber, and detectors for secondary electrons, backscattered electrons, and X-rays. The document explains that SEM works by scanning a focused electron beam across the sample surface and detecting signals from emitted electrons and X-rays to form images at magnifications up to 200,000x and resolutions of 1-2 nm.
Tem
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) uses a beam of electrons to examine objects at a very fine scale. TEM can image at a higher resolution than light microscopes due to the shorter wavelength of electron beams. In TEM, a beam of electrons is transmitted through an ultrathin specimen, interacting with the sample as it passes through. This interaction is used to form an image that is magnified and focused onto a screen, with resolutions down to fractions of a nanometer. TEM is widely used in materials science, biology, and medicine for examining nanostructures.
Electron microscope (TEM & SEM)
TEM and SEM are two different Electron microscope used to view objects which otherwise are impossible to see under normal light/ compound microscope.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE AND ITS APPLICATION.pptx
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Scanning transmission electron microscope
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Microscopy
Microscopy techniques allow observation of microscopic organisms. Light microscopy uses optical lenses and magnification up to 2000x, while electron microscopy uses electron beams and achieves magnification up to 400,000x. Different microscopy types are used depending on the sample and desired information. Brightfield microscopy images stained samples, while darkfield images unstained samples against a dark background. Fluorescence microscopy uses fluorescent dyes and phase contrast observes living unstained cells. Electron microscopy reveals ultrastructures but requires processed samples due to vacuum conditions.
Phase contrast & Flurosence microscope
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Electron microscope
The document discusses different types of microscopes used to view very small objects. It compares light microscopes and electron microscopes. Electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light to form higher magnification and resolution images. There are two main types - scanning electron microscopes, which view surface features, and transmission electron microscopes, which can view inside thin specimens at up to 500,000x magnification. Electron microscopes require specimens to be prepared differently and have more complex components than light microscopes to generate and control the electron beam.
Types of Microscope
Microscopes are instruments designed to produce magnified images of small objects. They must accomplish three tasks: produce a magnified image, separate details in the image, and render details visible. There are different types of microscopes including simple, compound, stereoscopic, electron, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopes. Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify images and can achieve higher magnifications than light microscopes. Confocal laser scanning microscopes use a laser beam to generate 3D images of thick specimens.
Transmission Electron Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope is an electron microscope used to observe the sample with high resolution.
Electron microscope
The document discusses the history and development of electron microscopes. It describes how J.J. Thomson discovered electrons in 1897 and how subsequent scientists like de Broglie, Ruska, and Knoll contributed to the development of the first electron microscope in the 1930s. It then explains the basic workings and components of transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes, how they produce images, and some examples of their applications in biology and materials science.
SEM TEM NOTES.pptx
The document describes and compares scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM). SEMs produce images by scanning a sample's surface with an electron beam, while TEMs transmit an electron beam through a thin sample to form a magnified image. Both use electromagnetic lenses and electron beam interactions with samples, but SEMs detect signals from secondary electrons at the surface, while TEMs detect transmitted electrons. Key applications include nanotechnology, materials science, biology, and medicine.
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The document provides information about using a compound light microscope, including:
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2) To examine a specimen, the user selects the appropriate objective lens, focuses using the coarse and fine adjustment knobs, and adjusts the condenser and iris diaphragm to control illumination.
3) For oil immersion objectives, oil is added to the slide and specimen to allow for higher magnification imaging.
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Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons to examine objects on a very fine scale. There are two main types: transmission electron microscopes (TEM) allow study of inner structures by passing electrons through thin samples, while scanning electron microscopes (SEM) are used to visualize surfaces by scanning a focused electron beam over the sample. SEMs detect signals from electron interactions to construct digital images, and require vacuum and conductive samples mounted on stubs. They provide three-dimensional topographical and compositional information at high magnifications.
Transmission electron microscope
TEM is a type of electron microscope that uses electron beams to produce magnified images of samples. TEMs can magnify up to 1 million times, allowing observation of ultrafine cell structures. Sample preparation is required to make specimens thin enough for electrons to pass through. TEMs are very expensive, ranging from $95,000 to over $100,000, but provide high resolution imaging useful for fields like nanotechnology, biology and materials science.
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The document discusses scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It describes SEM as using a beam of electrons to examine objects on a fine scale, yielding information about topography, morphology, composition, and crystal structure. It outlines the main parts of an SEM, including the electron gun, electromagnetic lenses, vacuum chamber, and detectors for secondary electrons, backscattered electrons, and X-rays. The document explains that SEM works by scanning a focused electron beam across the sample surface and detecting signals from emitted electrons and X-rays to form images at magnifications up to 200,000x and resolutions of 1-2 nm.
Tem
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) uses a beam of electrons to examine objects at a very fine scale. TEM can image at a higher resolution than light microscopes due to the shorter wavelength of electron beams. In TEM, a beam of electrons is transmitted through an ultrathin specimen, interacting with the sample as it passes through. This interaction is used to form an image that is magnified and focused onto a screen, with resolutions down to fractions of a nanometer. TEM is widely used in materials science, biology, and medicine for examining nanostructures.
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Scanning transmission electron microscope
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Microscopy
Microscopy techniques allow observation of microscopic organisms. Light microscopy uses optical lenses and magnification up to 2000x, while electron microscopy uses electron beams and achieves magnification up to 400,000x. Different microscopy types are used depending on the sample and desired information. Brightfield microscopy images stained samples, while darkfield images unstained samples against a dark background. Fluorescence microscopy uses fluorescent dyes and phase contrast observes living unstained cells. Electron microscopy reveals ultrastructures but requires processed samples due to vacuum conditions.
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Electron microscope
The document discusses different types of microscopes used to view very small objects. It compares light microscopes and electron microscopes. Electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light to form higher magnification and resolution images. There are two main types - scanning electron microscopes, which view surface features, and transmission electron microscopes, which can view inside thin specimens at up to 500,000x magnification. Electron microscopes require specimens to be prepared differently and have more complex components than light microscopes to generate and control the electron beam.
Types of Microscope
Microscopes are instruments designed to produce magnified images of small objects. They must accomplish three tasks: produce a magnified image, separate details in the image, and render details visible. There are different types of microscopes including simple, compound, stereoscopic, electron, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopes. Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify images and can achieve higher magnifications than light microscopes. Confocal laser scanning microscopes use a laser beam to generate 3D images of thick specimens.
Transmission Electron Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope is an electron microscope used to observe the sample with high resolution.
Electron microscope
The document discusses the history and development of electron microscopes. It describes how J.J. Thomson discovered electrons in 1897 and how subsequent scientists like de Broglie, Ruska, and Knoll contributed to the development of the first electron microscope in the 1930s. It then explains the basic workings and components of transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes, how they produce images, and some examples of their applications in biology and materials science.
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Introduction
History
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Electron microscope
Types of electron microscope
1) Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
- Structural parts of TEM
- Principle & Working of TEM
- Sample preparation for TEM
- Advantages & disadvantages of TEM
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
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- Principle & Working of SEM
- Sample preparation for SEM
- Advantages & disadvantages of SEM
3) Scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM)
Applications of electron microscope
Conclusion
References
Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), RESOLVING POWER, Scanning Electron Microscope, PRINCIPLE AND WORKING OF SEM, SEM SAMPLE PREPARATION, Limitations of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF SEM, APPLICATIONS OF SEM, PRINCIPLE, AND WORKING OF TEM, SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR TEM, ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF TEM, APPLICATIONS OF TEM, Differences between SEM and TEM.
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Transmission Electron Microscopy
This document discusses transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM uses beams of electrons instead of light to image objects at a much higher resolution. TEM can image objects as small as a single column of atoms. It works by transmitting a beam of electrons through a thin sample. The electrons interact with the sample and are used to form a magnified image. TEM allows observation of nano-scale structures and can provide information about material composition and crystal structure.
Microscope
Optical microscopes use visible light and lenses to magnify specimens up to around 1000x, commonly applied in biology and materials science. They provide ease of use and minimal sample preparation. In contrast, electron microscopes, employing a beam of electrons, offer much higher magnifications and resolutions, reaching into the nanoscale. Transmission electron microscopes reveal internal structures, while scanning electron microscopes produce detailed 3D surface images. However, electron microscopes necessitate elaborate sample preparation, limiting their application to thin, metal-coated specimens. They are essential for exploring ultrastructural details in fields like cell biology and materials science.
Sem n tem
Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons to examine objects at a very fine scale. There are two main types - transmission electron microscopes (TEM) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). TEMs allow study of inner structures by transmitting electrons through thin samples, while SEMs visualize surface topography by scanning sample surfaces. Both have advanced biological and materials applications due to their high resolving power and ability to produce detailed images at the nanoscale level. Recent developments include aberration correction to further improve resolution.
sem vs tem.pptx
The document compares and contrasts scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM). SEMs detect reflected electrons to image surface details in 3D, have lower resolution but larger fields of view than TEMs, and require less sample preparation. In contrast, TEMs transmit electrons through thin samples to image internal structures in 2D with higher resolution but smaller fields of view, and require more complex sample preparation. Both use vacuum environments and have adjustable magnification, but TEMs provide atomic-scale resolution and additional material characterization compared to SEMs.
Confocal and electron microscopy.pptx
The document discusses confocal and electron microscopy. It describes the components and working principles of the confocal microscope, including point illumination. Applications of confocal microscopy include biomedical sciences, cell biology, and pharmaceutical quality control. Electron microscopy uses electron beams instead of light. Transmission electron microscopes view thin specimens through which electrons can pass, while scanning electron microscopes scan surfaces with a focused electron beam. Both provide high magnification and resolution views of cells, molecules, and materials.
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Electron Microscopy and its type Transmission electron microscopy
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Types of electron microscope
- 1. Types of Electron Microscope 1Nancy Bansal
- 2. Types of Electron Microscope • Transmission Electron Microscope • Scanning Electron Microscope 2Nancy Bansal
- 3. Transmission Electron Microscope • The Original Form of EM that uses the high voltage Beam of Electrons to create an image. • Its has Resolution power up to 0.5 Å. • Most Powerful for observing minute objects 3Nancy Bansal
- 5. Mechanism • Electron Gun Produces Beam of 100KeV. • Anode and Cathode accelerate Beam. • Focusing occur by Electrostatic and electromagnetic lenses • Beam strikes the sample and pass through it. • After emerging out it carries information about Sample and magnify it by objective lens • Information can be analyzed by Screen or Film or CCD Cameras on LCD or monitor. 5Nancy Bansal
- 6. Advantages • TEMs offer the most powerful magnification, potentially over one million times or more • TEMs provide information on element and compound structure • Images are high-quality and detailed • TEMs are able to yield information of surface features, shape, size and structure • They are easy to operate with proper training 6Nancy Bansal
- 7. Scanning Electron Microscope • SEM produces the image by scanning it with focus beam of electron. • Electrons interact with electrons in sample and convey information in form of signals to detectors. E.g. topography & sample surface. • SEM can achieve resolution better than 1 nanometer • Raster image focusing is used 7Nancy Bansal
- 8. Mechanism • When High energy Electrons strikes the surface, it lose energy by diff. mechanisms like heat, emission of low energy secondary electrons and high energy backscattered electrons. • X-ray or light emerges from sample that carries information on it. 8Nancy Bansal
- 9. Advantages • Its basically used for biological samples • It can scan the processes occurring on surface and tells about topography and composition. • Enable us to view without thinning dehydrating fixing the sample • Can scan bulk samples upto 2-3 cm which can not be examined by TEM. • View obtained is in 3D. • ESEM produce image of Wet, gas & Vacuumed Samples and biological samples. 9Nancy Bansal
- 10. Differences TEM • Based on transmitted electrons • Electrons are directly pointed toward the sample and the parts through which electrons are passed are illuminated in the image. • TEM seeks to see what is inside or beyond the surface • TEM shows the sample as a whole. SEM • Based on scattered electrons • The scattered electrons produced the image of the sample after the microscope collects and counts the scattered electrons. • SEM focuses on the sample’s surface and its composition • SEM also shows the sample bit by bit 10Nancy Bansal
- 11. TEM • TEM delivers a two- dimensional picture. • TEM has up to a 50 million magnification level. • The resolution of TEM is 0.5 Å. • TEM requires the sample to be prepared in a TEM grid and placed in the middle of the specialized chamber of the microscope. The image is produced by the microscope via fluorescent screens. SEM • SEM also provides a three- dimensional image • SEM only offers 2 million as a maximum level of magnification. • SEM has resolution of about 0.4 nm. • In SEM, the sample is prepared on specialized aluminum stubs and placed on the bottom of the chamber of the instrument. The image of the sample is projected onto the CRT or television-like screen. 11Nancy Bansal