Necessity/advantage of a tunnel, Classification of Tunnels,
Size and shape of a tunnel, Alignment of a Tunnel, Portals and Shafts,
Methods of Tunneling in Hard Rock and Soft ground, Mucking, Lighting
and Ventilation in tunnel, Dust control, Drainage of tunnels, Safety in
tunnel construction.
Necessity/advantage of a tunnel, Classification of Tunnels,
Size and shape of a tunnel, Alignment of a Tunnel, Portals and Shafts,
Methods of Tunneling in Hard Rock and Soft ground, Mucking, Lighting
and Ventilation in tunnel, Dust control, Drainage of tunnels, Safety in
tunnel construction.
what is earthwork? and what is earthwork equipment ?. types of earthwork equipment, tractor, motor grader, backhoe, dragline, clamshell, bulldozer and their applications.
what is earthwork? and what is earthwork equipment ?. types of earthwork equipment, tractor, motor grader, backhoe, dragline, clamshell, bulldozer and their applications.
tunnel lining may be permanent or temporary based upon their use and requirement. design of lining is done in two parts one is temporary or initial lining design and other is permanent design of the lining. empirical and theoretical methods are major design methods.
Practices in Planning, Design and Construction of Head Race Tunnel of a Hydro...Mohit Shukla
This paper has been selected for oral presentation as well as inclusion in the conference proceedings of the ICCCGE 2016 : 18th International Conference on Civil,Construction and Geological Engineering held in Toronto, Canada during June,
13-14, 2016. This paper was also able to find a position in the international conference of Dams and Hydropower held at Laos in May 2016.
A presentation of a precast segmental casting yard setup showing the required sequential steps. At the time, I worked for Parsons Brinckerhoff as Lead Construction Engineer.
Join Ron Prychitko & Lorne Mielty for an overview of various Bridge-Plate, Multi-Plate and Tunnel Liner Plate applications. Through the presentation of various case studies they will cover product selection criteria for corrugated steel plate structures and best practices including assembly and installation.
Case study examples will include bridges, culverts, wildlife passes, mine portals, pedestrian tunnels and more.
What You’ll Learn:
-Learn about unique applications that solve demanding -problems
-Advantages of soil/steel structures
-Construction process for structures
-Available product, application and design resources
-General Canadian Codes and Standards will be referenced
Who Should Attend
-Bridge / Structural Engineers
-Municipal & Transportation Engineers
-Municipal, Provincial and Federal Infrastructure personnel
-Developers
-Earthworks & Highways Contractors
-Mining Engineers & Contractors
-Road Superintendents
Diaphragm wall: Construction and DesignUmer Farooq
Diaphragm walls are concrete or reinforced concrete walls constructed in slurry-supported, open trenches below existing ground.
Concrete is placed using the Tremie installation method or by installing pre-cast concrete panels (known as a pre-cast diaphragm wall). Diaphragm walls can be constructed to depths of 150 meters and to widths of 0.5 to 1.50 meters.
Areas related to circles - Area of sector and segment of a circle (Class 10 m...Let's Tute
Areas related to circles - Area of sector and segment of a circle (Class 10 maths).
Let's tute is an E-school or E- platform which is free for the student.Students will watch "MATHS" Videos for conceptual understanding.
Contact Us -
Website -www.letstute.com
YouTube - www.youtube.com/letstute
Uses of special kind of technologies for implementation of special kind of st...Rajesh Prasad
The said technical paper was presented by Rajesh Prasad in IC TRAM 2018 (International Conference- Technological Advancement in Railways and Metro Projects at Manekshaw Centre New Delhi on 04.10.2018
There was a Bridge 2018 Conference on Innovative Technologies of Bridges organised by IIBE at Lucknow. During the conference held on 25.05.18 this paper was presented by Rajesh Prasad, ED Metro RVNL.
There was a Bridge 2018 Conference on Innovative Technologies of Bridges organised by IIBE at Lucknow. During the conference held on 25.05.18 this paper was presented by Rajesh Prasad, ED Metro RVNL.
MEMOIR-Optimization of Tunnel reconstruction.pptxTebonLionel
This is a theses project done by Rodney Chiabi, 2019. It deals with "Optimization of tunnel reconstruction: case of a railway guage conversion". This theses had as aim the answer the questions: (1) How to efficiently execute tunnel reconstruction procedures; (2) How to maintain train circulation in the CAMRAIL tunnel; (3) How to reduce cost and construction time.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
tunnelling scope, construction techniques and necessity
1. TUNNELING IN ROCK MASS:
(NECESSITY, SYSTEMATIC APPROACH,
PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION)
1
APPLIED MECHANICS DEPARTMENT
SVNIT,SURAT
GUIDED BY : SUBMITTED BY:
PROF S.KUMAR JOSHI AKSHAY
p16SM006
2. UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER
PASSAGE WAY, DUG THROUGH THE
SURROUNDING SOIL/EARTH/ROCK AND
ENCLOSED EXCEPT FOR ENTRANCE
AND EXIT,
TYPE BASED ON APPLICATION
2
VEHICULAR
TUNNEL
RAIL
TUNNEL
CANAL
TUNNEL
3. NECESSITY
3
To minimize land acquisition costsTo minimize land acquisition costs
To avoid steep grades and longerTo avoid steep grades and longer
routes.routes.
To avoid impact on
environmentally sensitive areas.
To avoid impact on cultural
heritage
4. SYSTEMATIC APPROACH & PLANNING
STAGES OF PLANNING
4
PRE-PLANNING
DETAIL PLANNING
MONITARING AND
CONTROL
5. PRE-PLANNING
Justification for taking up the project
Objectives of the project
Alignment Selection
Investigation
Examining alternatives
Cost benefit analysis
Financial planning
5
6. ALIGNMENTALIGNMENT SELECTIONSELECTION
The Alignment of the Tunnel must be consistent with
the alignment of the roadway leading to it.
The Alignment must consider factors like the sight
distances, minimum turning radius and design
speeds in its design.
Except for maintenance reasons, two way roads
should be discouraged in a single tube of tunnel, for
safety reasons.
Pedestrian and Cyclist use of tunnels should be
discouraged except a special passage is designed for
them.
6
7. INVESTIGATIONSINVESTIGATIONS
Several investigations are required at the preliminary,
design and construction phases of a tunnel project. The
processes are highlighted below:
Collection and Review of Available Information for a
general knowledge of the area (Existing Topographical,
hydrological, Geological, Geotechnical, Seismic,
Environmental, Zoning etc)
Topographic and Aerial Photographs
Preliminary Surveys
Water Well Logs
Hydrographic Surveys
7
8. Identification of Underground Structures and
Obstacles
Geologic Mapping
Subsurface Investigations
Test Borings and Sampling
Soil and Rock Identification and Classification
In - situ Tests •Geophysical Tests •Seismic Wave
Propagation •Laboratory Tests •Groundwater
Investigation •Pumping Tests
8
10. 10
11.. TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMSTUNNEL CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS
(a)(a) Cut and Cover System.Cut and Cover System.
(b)(b) Pipe Jacking System (Micro Tunneling).Pipe Jacking System (Micro Tunneling).
(c)(c) Shield Tunneling (TBM).Shield Tunneling (TBM).
(d)(d) New Austrian Tunneling MethodNew Austrian Tunneling Method
(NATM).(NATM).
(e)(e) Immersed-Tube Tunneling System.Immersed-Tube Tunneling System.
Tunnel Construction
11. 11
(a) Cut and Cover System(a) Cut and Cover System
Sequence of Construction (Stages 1 to 3Sequence of Construction (Stages 1 to 3 ))
Tunnel Construction
12. 12
(a) Cut and Cover System(a) Cut and Cover System
Sequence of Construction (Stages 4 to 6)Sequence of Construction (Stages 4 to 6)
Tunnel Construction
13. 13
Cut and Cover SystemCut and Cover System
AdvantagesAdvantages::
• Economy for shallow depths (4 - 10 m) and for
shorter applications.
• Un-sophisticated labor and equipment required.
• Adaptability to different conditions.
• Simple structural & geotechnical analyses
required.
• Safe environment (ventilation and fire hazard)
• DisadvantagesDisadvantages::
• Possible disturbances to existing facilities.
• Practical limitations of depth.
• Unsuitability under buildings or water.
Tunnel Construction
14. 14
Soil Grouting TechniquesSoil Grouting Techniques
Jet Grouting: Soil Replacement ProcessJet Grouting: Soil Replacement Process
Tunnel Construction
18. GUIDANCE AND POSITIONING USING
LASER-GUIDED STEERING SYSTEM
18
Laser Guide &Laser Guide &
ControlControl
MonitorMonitor
Screen CaptureScreen Capture
Tunnel Construction
19. MTBM - SHIELDS OF DIFFERENT
SIZES
DIA. RANGES FROM 0.5M TO 3M
19
Tunnel Construction
20. MTBM - DIFFERENT SHAPES OF
CUTTING HEADS
20
Dirt cutter headDirt cutter head
(clay and silty(clay and silty
sand)sand)
Sand shelvesSand shelves
Carbide cutter headCarbide cutter head
(soft to medium hard(soft to medium hard
rockrock))
Tunnel Construction
21. 21
Pipe Jacking System (Micro TunnelingPipe Jacking System (Micro Tunneling
AdvantagesAdvantages::
• Suitability for almost all types of soil.
• Large depths with unlimited lengths of drive.
• High levels of accuracy and safety.
• Wide choice of pipe and joint materials.
• High construction rates.
• Reduced manpower requirements.
• Reduced environmental disturbance.
• DisadvantagesDisadvantages::
• Sophisticated equipment and highly skilled
labor.
• Inability to make rapid changes in line or level.
• Very expensive corrective actions, if required
Tunnel Construction
22. 22
(c) Shield Tunneling (TBM)(c) Shield Tunneling (TBM)
Cutter Head Tunnel Tube
Tunnel Construction
24. 24
Shield Tunneling (TBM)Shield Tunneling (TBM)
AdvantagesAdvantages::
• Suitability for almost all types of soil.
• Suitability for wide tunnels (highway, railway,
etc.).
• Large depths ( > 10 m), with unlimited lengths
of drive.
• Reducing environmental disturbance and
utilities diversions.
Tunnel Construction
25. DisadvantagesDisadvantages::
• Sophisticated equipment and highly
skilled labor.
• Inability to make rapid changes in line or
level.
• Very expensive corrective actions, if
required.
• Difficult structural and geotechnical
analyses reqd..
25
26. 26
(d)(d) New Austrian Tunneling Method (New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM)NATM)
Tunnel Construction
27. 27
NATMNATM
AdvantagesAdvantages::
• Best alternative for non-circular roadway
tunnels.
• Suitability for almost all stable to strong
ground types, including rock.
• Suitability for a variety of soil conditions.
• Small thickness of tunnel lining, reducing the
amount of excavation.
• Economy and speed of construction.
Tunnel Construction
28. DisadvantagesDisadvantages::
• Highly skilled workers and expert
engineers.
• Safety measures for shotcrete
application.
• Ground water freezing and/or soil
strengthening (in case of water-bearing
cohesionless soil).
28
30. 30
(E) Immersed-Tube Tunneling System(E) Immersed-Tube Tunneling System
Construction SequenceConstruction Sequence::
1. Dredging the trench in river or sea bottom.
2. Prefabrication of tunnel sections, and sealing
ends with bulkheads.
3. Floating the sections to the tunnel trench.
4. Lowering the sections to seabed.
5. Joining the sections together underwater.
6. Removing the temporary bulkheads.
7. Backfilling the trench.
Tunnel Construction
31. 31
Immersed-Tube Tunneling SystemImmersed-Tube Tunneling System
AdvantagesAdvantages::
• Economy (most economical alternative for any
type of underwater tunnel crossing).
• High construction rates (particularly for steel
tube tunnels).
• Wide variety of different conditions.
DisadvantagesDisadvantages::
• Highly skilled and experienced workers.
• Safety measures for underwater construction..
Tunnel Construction
32. 32
DEVELOPMENTS & FUTURE TRENDSDEVELOPMENTS & FUTURE TRENDS
IN TUNNEL CONSTRUCTIONIN TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION
Conventional TunnelingConventional Tunneling::
Areas Developments
Blast Tunneling
• Drilling techniques.
• Blasting technology.
• Re-use of excavated material.
Tunneling in Loose
Sand
• Injection.
• High-pressure injection.
• Soil freezing.
Shotcrete Safety
Measures
• Special shotcretes without accelerators
that reduce concrete solidity.
General Equipment
Developments
• Advances in diesel motor technology
(less pollutants in exhausted gases).
Handling of
Groundwater
• Two-layer plastic sealing tracks
(double water-pressure resistance).
Final Lining in
Concrete
• Measures for protecting inner concrete
linings (to prevent tears).
Tunnel Construction