Transformers take electricity of one voltage and convert it to another by using a primary winding connected to a power source and a secondary winding that outputs the electricity. They work on the principle of mutual induction between the windings around a laminated iron core. Step-up transformers have fewer turns in the primary winding than the secondary to increase voltage, while step-down transformers have more turns in the primary than secondary to decrease voltage. Key components of transformers include the core, windings, transformer oil for insulation and cooling, an oil conservator, breather, cooling tubes, Buchholz relay for protection from internal faults, and an explosion vent to safely release pressure from explosions.

1. An easy way to
Understand
Basics of a Transformer
By Vikram Jeet

2. Introduction
 Transformers – transformers
are the electric device which
take electricity of one voltage
and converts into other.. They
increase and decrease voltage
according to need.. It consists
of primary windings to which
current source is connected and
secondary winding through
which we take output .. Both
windings are wound on
laminated soft iron core.. It
works on the principle of
mutual induction.

3. Types of transformers
 Step up transformers
In step up transformers no.
of turns of primary
windings are less as
compared to no. of turns of
secondary windings ..
 Step down transformers
In step down transformers
no. of turns of primary
windings are more as
compared to no. of turns of
secondary windings

4. Important Components of
transformers
 Core
 Windings
 Transformer oil
 Oil conservator
 Breather
 Cooling tubes
 Buchholz Relay
 Explosion vent

5.  Core is used to provide support to the primary
windings and secondary windings. It is made up of
laminated soft iron core in order to reduce eddy
current loss and Hysteresis loss.
Core

6. Windings
 There are two windings wound over the transformer
core which are insulated from each other. Windings
consists of several turns of copper coil..

7. Transformer oil
Transformer oil performs two
functions. It provides insulation
as well as cooling for the core and
windings of transformer.. Core
and windings should be
completely immersed in oil..

8. Oil conservator
 The Conservator is designed to act as a reservoir for
the transformer oil.
 An increase in temperature causes the oil in the
transformer to expand. The conservator provides space
for this expansion of the oil..

9. Breather
 Breather are used to absorb the moisture content from
the sucked air, while the transformer oil gets expanded
due to heating. Breathers filled with silica gels are
provided to separate moisture from the sucked air
 Silica gel turns blue when it becomes saturated with
moisture .. And it needs to be replaced.

10. Cooling tubes
 Function of the cooling tubes is to maintain the
working temperature of the transformer. it's used to
dissipate heat.
 Heat is produced by copper losses and iron losses in
transformer.. And plain surface is not enough to
dissipate the heat, so tubes are used to dissipate the
heat

11. Buchholz Relay
 Buchholz Relay is a safety device which is used in
large transformers
 It is oil and gas actuated protection relay. . It is
used for the protection of a transformer from the
faults occurring inside the transformer

12. Explosion vent
 The explosion vent is a large-diameter tube, usually
located at the top of the transformer tank. If an
explosion occurs in a transformer due to any
fault, then the blast of the explosion will be allowed to
escape through the explosion vent, rather than causing
the transformer's tank to explode.

13. Hope you were able to understand
transformer in a simple and easy way .