This document provides an overview of transformers, including their structure, working principle, construction, losses, and applications. Transformers are devices that change AC electric power at one voltage level to another through magnetic coupling of two coils. They allow interchange of electric energy between circuits without a direct connection. The transformer consists of a primary coil, secondary coil, and magnetic core. When an alternating current flows through the primary, it induces a changing magnetic flux that is transferred to the secondary coil to induce voltage. Transformers experience losses from copper, hysteresis, and eddy currents. They are used widely in power transmission and applications like televisions and cameras.
WHAT IS TRANSFORMER, DEFINE TRANSFORMER, TYPES OF TRANSFORMER, RATINGS OF TRANSFORMERS, MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF TRANSFORMER, PARTS OF TRANSFORMER, TESTS OF TRANSFORMER, COSTING OF COPPER.
Equivalent circuit diagram of a transformer is basically a diagram which can be resolved into an equivalent circuit in which the resistance and leakage reactance of the transformer are imagined to be external to the winding. Where, R1 = Primary Winding Resistance. R2= Secondary winding Resistance.
1. Introduction
2. History of transformer
3. Principle
4. Construction and Working
5. Types of Transformer
6. Application
7. Auto transformer
8. Need of transformer
WHAT IS TRANSFORMER, DEFINE TRANSFORMER, TYPES OF TRANSFORMER, RATINGS OF TRANSFORMERS, MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF TRANSFORMER, PARTS OF TRANSFORMER, TESTS OF TRANSFORMER, COSTING OF COPPER.
Equivalent circuit diagram of a transformer is basically a diagram which can be resolved into an equivalent circuit in which the resistance and leakage reactance of the transformer are imagined to be external to the winding. Where, R1 = Primary Winding Resistance. R2= Secondary winding Resistance.
1. Introduction
2. History of transformer
3. Principle
4. Construction and Working
5. Types of Transformer
6. Application
7. Auto transformer
8. Need of transformer
Presentation by Don Levy, Total Reality Experience Matters. Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality are addressed by Hollywood exec Don Levy, who has a long career in the world of visual effects
Construction & E.M.F. eqn. of transformerJay Baria
In this ppt, construction and emf equation of transformer is shown and also the types of transformer and its various losses and its application is given in the presentation.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
2. CONTENT
What is transformer
Structure and working principle
Construction of transformer
Losses in transformer
Ideal v/s practical transformer
Uses and application of transformer
3. INTRODUCTION
A transformer is a device that changes ac electric power at one
voltage level to ac electric power at another voltage level
through the action of a magnetic field.
There are two or more stationary electric circuits that are
coupled magnetically.
It involves interchange of electric energy between two or more
electric systems
Transformers provide much needed capability of changing the
voltage and current levels easily.
They are used to step-up generator voltage to an appropriate
voltage level for power transfer.
Stepping down the transmission voltage at various levels for
distribution and power utilization.
4. WHAT IS TRANSFORMER
A transformer is a static piece of apparatus by means of
which an electrical power is transferred from one
alternating current circuit to another electrical circuit
There is no electrical contact between them
The desire change in voltage or current without any
change in frequency
Symbolically the transformer denoted as
NOTE :
It works on the principle of mutual induction
5.
6. STRUCTURE OF TRANSFORMER
The transformer two inductive coils ,these are electrical
separated but linked through a common magnetic current
circuit
These two coils have a high mutual induction
One of the two coils is connected of alternating voltage .this
coil in which electrical energy is fed with the help of source
called primary winding (P) shown in fig.
The other winding is connected to a load the electrical energy
is transformed to this winding drawn out to the load .this
winding is called secondary winding(S) shown in fig.
7. The primary and secondary coil wound on a ferromagnetic
metal core
The function of the core is to transfer the changing magnetic
flux from the primary coil to the secondary coil
The primary has N1 no of turns and the secondary has N2 no of
turns the of turns plays major important role in the function of
transformer
8. WORKING PRINCIPLE
The transformer works in the principle of mutual induction
When the alternating current flows in the primary coils, a
changing magnetic flux is generated around the primary coil.
The changing magnetic flux is transferred to the secondary coil
through the iron core
The changing magnetic flux is cut by the secondary coil, hence
induces an e.m.f in the secondary coil
“The principle of mutual induction states that when the two coils are
inductively coupled and if the current in coil change uniformly then the
e.m.f. induced in the other coils. This e.m.f can drive a current when a
closed path is provide to it.”
9. Now if load is connected to a secondary winding, this e.m.f
drives a current through it
The magnitude of the output voltage can be controlled by the
ratio of the no. of primary coil and secondary coil
The frequency of mutually induced e.m.f as same
that of the alternating source which supplying to the
primary winding b
10.
11. CONSTRUCTION OF TRANSFORMER
These are two basic of transformer construction
Magnetic core
Windings or coils
Magnetic core
The core of transformer either square or rectangular type in
size
It is further divided into two parts vertical and horizontal
The vertical portion on which coils are wounds called limb
while horizontal portion is called yoke. these parts are
Core is made of laminated core type constructions, eddy
current losses get minimize.
Generally high grade silicon steel laminations (0.3 to 0.5mm)
are used
12. WINDING
Conducting material is used in the winding of the transformer
The coils are used are wound on the limbs and insulated from
each other
The two different windings are wounds on two different limbs
The leakage flux increases which affects the performance and
efficiency of transformer
To reduce the leakage flux it is necessary that the windings
should be very close to each other to have high mutual
induction
13. CORE TYPE CONSTRUCTION
In this one magnetic circuit and cylindrical coils are used
Normally L and T shaped laminations are used
Commonly primary winding would on one limb while
secondary on the other but performance will be reduce
To get high performance it is necessary that other the two
winding should be very close to each other
14.
15. SHELL TYPE CONSTRUCTION
In this type two magnetic circuit are used
The winding is wound on central limbs
For the cell type each high voltage winding lie between two
voltage portion sandwiching the high voltage winding
Sub division of windings reduces the leakage flux
Greater the number of sub division lesser the reactance
This type of construction is used for high voltage
16.
17. LOSSES IN TRANSFORMER
Copper losses :
It is due to power wasted in the form of I2Rdue to
resistance of primary and secondary. The magnitude of
copper losses depend upon the current flowing through
these coils.
The iron losses depend on the supply voltage while the copper depend
on the current .the losses are not dependent on the phase angle between
current and voltage .hence the rating of the transformer is expressed as
a product o f voltage and current called VA rating of transformer. It is
not expressed in watts or kilowatts. Most of the timer, is rating is
expressed in KVA.
18. Hysteresis loss :
During magnetization and demagnetization ,due to hysteresis
effect some energy losses in the core called hysteresis loss
Eddy current loss :
The leakage magnetic flux generates the E.M.F in the core
produces current is called of eddy current loss.
19. IDEAL V/S PRACTICAL TRANSFORMER
A transformer is said to be ideal if it satisfies the
following properties, but no transformer is ideal in
practice.
It has no losses
Windings resistance are zero
There is no flux leakage
Small current is required to produce the magnetic field
While the practical transformer has windings resistance ,
some leakage flux and has lit bit losses
20. APPLICATION AND USES
The transformer used in television and photocopy
machines
The transmission and distribution of alternating power is
possible by transformer
Simple camera flash uses fly back transformer
Signal and audio transformer are used couple in
amplifier
Todays transformer is become an essential part of
electrical engineering
21. REFERENCE
Electrical engineering by UA Bakshi
Principal of electrical machine by VK Mehta
Electrical machine by RK Rajput
www.allaboutcircuit.com
www.iiee.com