Arsenic poisoning was described, noting that arsenic can be detected in hair and bone long after death. Symptoms can mimic cholera. Chronic arsenic poisoning may cause fatty liver infiltration and basal cell carcinoma. Lead poisoning was also discussed, mentioning features like basophilic stippling of red blood cells, Burtonian lines on gums, and constipation. Phenobarbital poisoning presents with fever, contracted pupils, hypotension, cyanosis, and progression to coma. Datura poisoning causes altered sensorium, hyperpyrexia, and dilated pupils from its anticholinergic effects.
toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
Toxicology is a very important topic and if u try reading each
poisons Separately , u will definitely forget them.
So best way to remember them more is to practice
MCQs and then read topics by correlating.
That’s what I think….
It may or may not apply for u…..
But atleast try once like this and then choose your own way .
Toxicology is a very important topic and if u try reading each
poisons Separately , u will definitely forget them.
So best way to remember them more is to practice
MCQs and then read topics by correlating.
That’s what I think….
It may or may not apply for u…..
But atleast try once like this and then choose your own way .
Toxicology is a very important topic and if u try reading each
poisons Separately , u will definitely forget them.
So best way to remember them more is to practice
MCQs and then read topics by correlating.
That’s what I think….
It may or may not apply for u…..
But atleast try once like this and then choose your own way .
toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
Toxicology is a very important topic and if u try reading each
poisons Separately , u will definitely forget them.
So best way to remember them more is to practice
MCQs and then read topics by correlating.
That’s what I think….
It may or may not apply for u…..
But atleast try once like this and then choose your own way .
Toxicology is a very important topic and if u try reading each
poisons Separately , u will definitely forget them.
So best way to remember them more is to practice
MCQs and then read topics by correlating.
That’s what I think….
It may or may not apply for u…..
But atleast try once like this and then choose your own way .
Toxicology is a very important topic and if u try reading each
poisons Separately , u will definitely forget them.
So best way to remember them more is to practice
MCQs and then read topics by correlating.
That’s what I think….
It may or may not apply for u…..
But atleast try once like this and then choose your own way .
toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
It is heavy metal and bright silvery in appearance.It is liquid and is non poisonous if swallowed. However, it volatilizes at room temp and inhalation of vapors is toxic. It gets widely distributed throughout the body and causes toxic damage to brain, kidney, peripheral nervous system, mucous membranes etc
COPPER POISONING
Appear within 15-30 min
Metallic taste
Increased salivation
Burning pain in stomach
Nausea, vomiting (vomited matter : blue / green colour)
Diarrhoea with much straining (motions are liquid and brown)
Oliguria, haematuria, albuminuria, acidosis, uraemia
In severe cases, haemolysis, jaundice, pancreatitis, convulsions, spasm of legs
Breathing difficulty, cold perception, severe head ache
Death due to HEPATIC or RENAL failure or both
Snake bite is one of the major public health problems in the tropics. It is also emerging as an occupational disease of agricultural workers. In view of their strong beliefs and many associated myths, people resort to magico –religious treatment for snake bite thus, causing delay in seeking proper treatment.
Snake bites is a particularly important public health problem in rural areas of tropical and subtropical countries situated in Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America.
It is heavy metal and bright silvery in appearance.It is liquid and is non poisonous if swallowed. However, it volatilizes at room temp and inhalation of vapors is toxic. It gets widely distributed throughout the body and causes toxic damage to brain, kidney, peripheral nervous system, mucous membranes etc
COPPER POISONING
Appear within 15-30 min
Metallic taste
Increased salivation
Burning pain in stomach
Nausea, vomiting (vomited matter : blue / green colour)
Diarrhoea with much straining (motions are liquid and brown)
Oliguria, haematuria, albuminuria, acidosis, uraemia
In severe cases, haemolysis, jaundice, pancreatitis, convulsions, spasm of legs
Breathing difficulty, cold perception, severe head ache
Death due to HEPATIC or RENAL failure or both
Snake bite is one of the major public health problems in the tropics. It is also emerging as an occupational disease of agricultural workers. In view of their strong beliefs and many associated myths, people resort to magico –religious treatment for snake bite thus, causing delay in seeking proper treatment.
Snake bites is a particularly important public health problem in rural areas of tropical and subtropical countries situated in Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America.
The chief vegetable purgatives are aloes, colocynth, gamboge, jalap,
scammony, seeds of castor-oil plant, croton-oil, elaterium, the
hellebores, and colchicum. All these have, either alone or combined,
proved fatal. The active principle in aloes is aloin; of jalap, jalapin;
of white hellebore, veratria; and of colchicum, colchicin. Morrison's
pills contain aloes and colocynth; aloes is also the chief ingredient in
Holloway's pills
"Barbiturate poisoning" : By rxvichu-alwz4uh!RxVichuZ
Hello buddies!!!
Its Vishnu..back again , with my 17th ppt...
This time, its regarding BARBITURATE POISONING....which is of relevance in the subject CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY, studied in 4th year............
It includes all the required details for BARBITURATE POISONING....Along with fatal doses, and management strategies.............
This will be of help for reading and reference , and also for 4th year students...................
THANKS FOR READING!! DO KEEP SENDING UR REVIEWS!!
Regards and love,
rxvichu-alwz4uh! :) :)
Clinical symptoms and management of Arsenic poisoningSoujanya Pharm.D
This presentation includes Introduction & physical appearance of arsenic, usual fatal dose, toxicokinetics and mode of action of arsenic, Clinical (toxic) symptoms, diagnosis and management of Arsenic poisoning
Exercise Testing in Cardiology : Dr. Akif Baigakifab93
The testing modality and protocol should be selected in accordance with the patient’s estimated functional capacity based on age, estimated physical fitness from the patient’s history, and underlying disease
Several exercise test protocols are available for both treadmill and stationary cycle ergometers
Patients who have low estimated fitness levels or are deemed to be at higher risk because of underlying disease (e.g., recent MI, heart failure) should be tested with a less aggressive exercise protocol
Treadmill and cycle ergometers may use stepped or continuous ramp protocols
Work rate increments (stages) during stepped protocols can vary from 1 to 2.5 METs
Ramp protocols are designed with stages that are no longer than 1 minute and for the patient to attain peak effort within 8 to 12 minutes
The natriuretic peptide system works antagonistically to the RAAS and has favorable effects on the pathogenesis of heart failure
Natriuretic peptides are broken down by an enzyme called neprilysin
Neprilysin is also responsible for the breakdown of other substances, including bradykinin and angiotensin II
Sacubitril/valsartan is a combination product
Sacubitril is a pro-drug that, upon activation, acts as a neprilysin inhibitor
It works by blocking the action of neprilysin, thus preventing the breakdown of natriuretic peptides
This leads to a prolonged duration of the favorable effects of these peptides
Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 16% of total deaths globally .
Atherosclerosis plays a central role, with early fatty streaks progressing to late complex atheromas
Vascular calcification, the pathogenic and process of ectopic bone production, specifically was shown to strongly correlate with degree of atherosclerosis (both calcified and noncalcified)
Vascular calcification was shown independently to predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
These associations, combined with the radio-opaque appearance of calcium hydroxyappatite on CT images, have led to extensive investigation of the quantification, or scoring, of coronary artery calcium (CAC).
CAC scoring has emerged as a widely available and powerful tool for stratifying cardiovascular risk, predicting patient outcomes, and guiding preventive therapy
A coronary bifurcation consists of a flow divider (carina) and three vessel segments:
The proximal main vessel (PMV)
The distal main vessel (DMV) and
The side branch (SB).
A bifurcation lesion is a major epicardial coronary artery stenosis next to and/or including the ostium of a significant side branch
A significant SB is a branch whose severe narrowing or acute occlusion before or during intervention can cause considerable ischemia or a new infarction area that will worsen the clinical course of a particular patient.
Other important elements to consider that are not inherent in the bifurcation classifications include:
Extent of disease on the SB (limited to the ostium or involving the vessel beyond the ostium)
Its size (over 2.5mm in reference diameter)
Bifurcation angle, and
Disease distribution
Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction remains one of the
best prognostic determinants of survival in patients
with coronary artery disease (CAD)
⚫ It was originally thought that dysfunctional
myocardium after an infarction was irreversibly
damaged
⚫ However, it was later recognized that some of the
involved tissue remained viable and contractility may
be restored with revascularization
HCM is a common genetic heart disease reported in populations globally
Inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern
The distribution of HCM is equal by sex, although women are diagnosed less commonly than men
The prevalence of unexplained asymptomatic hypertrophy in young adults has been reported to range from 1:200 to 1:500
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect, which has four anatomical components:
Anterior malalignment ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Aortic override over the muscular septum
Variable degrees of subvalvar, valvar, and supravalvar pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular (RV) infundibular narrowing and RV hypertrophy
Ventricular septal defects occur either as an isolated defect or as a component of a more complex lesion
It occurs in 50 percent of all children with CHD and in 20 to 30 percent as an isolated lesion
Most common congenital cardiac anomaly in children
Second most common congenital abnormality in adults, second only to bicuspid aortic valves
They are more common in premature infants and those born with low weight
VSDs are slightly more common in females (56%)
Patients with peripheral artery disease who have undergone lower-extremity revascularization are at high risk for major adverse limb and cardiovascular events
The efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in this context are uncertain
Most common cyanotic heart defect seen in children beyond infancy, accounting for a third of all congenital heart disease (CHD) in this age group
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect, which has four anatomical components:
Anterior malalignment ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Aortic override over the muscular septum
Variable degrees of subvalvar, valvar, and supravalvar pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular (RV) infundibular narrowing and RV hypertrophy
Bentracimab (also known as PB2452) is a neutralizing recombinant human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody antigen-binding fragment that binds ticagrelor and its major active circulating metabolite with high affinity and specificity
Chlorthalidone for hypertension in advanced ckdakifab93
Chlorthalidone, a thiazide-like diuretic, reduces cardiovascular morbidity, such as the incidence of stroke and heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality
However, its efficacy and safety among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease remain poorly understood
An acute illness caused by an autoimmune response to infection with group A Streptococcus, leading to a range of possible symptoms and signs affecting any or all of heart, joints, brain, skin and subcutaneous tissues
Amyloidosis is a group of protein-folding disorders in which >1 organ is infiltrated by proteinaceous deposits known as amyloid. Amyloid involvement of the heart (cardiac amyloidosis) carries the worst prognosis of any involved organ, and light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most serious form of the disease
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
2. 1) Q. The poison that can be detected in hair long after death is:
A) Lead
B )Mercury
C Arsenic
D Cannabis
3. Ans. C Arsenic
Arsenic is a poison that can be detected in body including hair &
bone long after death.
4. Aldrich mee lines
- Rain drop pigmentation/rash/Red velvety Mucosa
Sub endocardial hemorrhage
Excessive pigmentation
Neuritis
Iron Oxide + BAL : Treatment
Mimics Cholera
5. ARSENOPHAGISTS – Persons who can tolerate Arsenic in high doses
-Mimics Cholera/Measles/addison’s disease
- may cause basal cell carcinoma
- also causes fatty infiltration of liver/NCPF
- Ideal Test: Gutzeit Test > Reinsch Test
- In chronic poisoning arsenic may be found in Bones/nails/hairs
-Can be detected even in decomposed body/bones/ashes
- delays putrifaction
6. 2) Arsenic poisoning presents with symptoms mimicking:
A Cholera
B Dhatura poisoning
C Barbiturates poisoning
D Morphine poisoning
8. 3) Caustic poison erodes mucosa because
A Hygroscopic in nature
B It has glue like action
C It is being programmed to stick
D It has affinity for mucosa
9. Ans. A HYGROSCOPIC IN NATURE
Alkalis are bases and hygroscopic in nature thus they dissolve in water.
They all contain a positive radical and a hydroxyl group.
Alkalis produce a liquefaction necrosis when they come in contact with
mucosa and penetrate deeply with full thickness burns common.
Acids cause coagulation necrosis; an eschar forms, limiting further damage.
Acids tend to affect the stomach more than the esophagus.
Alkalis ( more damage than acids) cause rapid liquefaction necrosis;
no eschar forms, and damage continues until the alkali is neutralized or diluted.
10. 4) Barbiturates excretion in urine may be increased by:
A Diuretics
B Alkalinization
C Acidification
D Dialysis
12. - When Acid is mixed with alkali , it becomes neutral i.e non-ionised form and is
thus easily excreted.
-Done in case Of acidic substances : S = Salicylates
P = Phenobarbitone(Barbiturates)
M =Methotrexate
13. Done in case Of alkaline substances like : Strychnine
Morphine
Mnemonic : ‘ine’ containing
substances
Diuresis with 0.9%NaCl Amitabh =Alcohol
Bacchan = Bromide
Corporation = Calcium
Limited = Lithium
14. 5) Urine appears ‘Liquid Gold’ in which poisoning:
A) Heavy metals
B ) Barbiturates
C )Organophosphorus
D ) Lead poisoning
15. Ans. BARBITURATES
-It causes severe CNS depression.
- Constricted Pupils
-Happus Reaction : Alternate dilatation and constriction of Pupil.
-Liquid gold urine
-Hemodialysis can be done
16. 6. A patient presented with pain abdomen, ataxia and
constipation. Peripheral blood smear examination showed
basophilic stippling of RBCs. He is suffering from poisoning
due to:
A Iron
B Lead
C Cadmium
D Arsenic
18. -MC route of poisoning = Inhalation
-Sindhur = Lead Tetraoxide
-Antidote = E.D.T.A ( In children: DMSA (succimer)
-MC lead leading to toxicity= Lead acetate
-Lethal dose = 20gm
-Chronic poisoning is known as Plumbism/Saturnism
23. LAB PARAMETER VALUES REMARK
1) Coproporphyrin in
Urine
>150mcg/l Exposure to lead
2) Amino Levulinic
Acid in Urine
>5mg/l Indicates lead
absorption
3) Lead in blood >70mcg/100ml Clinical symptoms
appears
4) Lead in urine >0.8mg/l Lead exposure and
absorption
5) Basophilic stippling
of RBCs
Punctate basophilia
24. 7) A patient was brought with history of pyrexia, contracted
pupils, hypotension, cyanosis, progressing to coma is suspected
to be suffering from poisoning due to:
A Cannabis
B Dhatura
C Phenobarbitone
D Diphenhydramine
25. Ans. C Phenobarbitone
Pyrexia + contracted pupils = Phenobarbitone poisoning;
Pyrexia + dilated pupils = Datura poisoning.
26. 8) All the following are features of chronic lead poisoning EXCEPT:
A Encephalopathy
B Burtonian line
C Cutaneous blisters
D Constipation
29. 9) A chronic alcoholic presented to the casualty with altered sensorium.
His blood sugar level was normal. Which of the following treatment
is to be given?
A IV dextrose 5%
B IV dextrose 50%
C Inj. Vitamin B 1
D IV Normal saline
30. Ans. C Inj. Vitamin B 1
Alcohol intoxication is associated Vit.B1 deficiency and Vitamin B1 is required for
enymes metabolising Carbohydrates
Chr. Alcohol poisoning Syndromes:
Korsakoff’s psychosis- ↓consciousness;
Delirium tremens- insanity, disorientation, visual hallucinations, tremors;
Alcoholic polyneuritis;
Wernicke’s disease- brain/spinal cord lesion;
Marchiafava’s syndrome- corpus callosum;
Mallory-Weiss syndrome- rupture oesophagus & mediastinitis;
31. -Females have less no. of metabolic enymes for alcohol. So even less
dose produces full effects.
Types of alcohol % of alcohol
1) Absolute Alcohol 99.95%
2) Rectified Spirit 90%
3) Denatured alcohol 95%
4) 100% proof ethanol 50%
32. Types % of alcohol
Rum 50-60%
Whisky/ Brandy 40-45%
Port/Sherry 20%
Wine 10-15%
Beer 4-8%
33. - If alcohol in blood = 1…..then in urine = 1.3
CSF =1.1-.27
Alveoli= 0.0021
-
-Follows zero order kinetics
-Maximum absorption in = Small Intestine
-Fatal dose = 150-250ml
-No Antidote for Ethanol
34. Blood Alcohol levels Features
<30mg% Driving Limit
70mg% Limit for punishment
>80mg% Nystagmus
> 150mg% Motor inco-ordination
>400mg% Coma & Death
35. WIDMARK FORMULA
A = P C R
Wt. of
alcohol Body wt.
Conc.of
alcohol
Constant, Males=0.6
Females= 0.5
36. -Best method for alcohol estimation= Gas chromatography
- Amitabh = Alcohol dehydrogenase
-K = Kozelka test
-B = Breath analysis test
-C = Cavett test
Based on Henry’s
Law
37. 10. An 8 year old boy, Kallu, is brought to the casualty with a history of
consuming something while playing outside in a play ground.
On examination, there was altered sensorium, hyperpyrexia, and dilated
pupils. Most probable cause is:
A Datura poisoning
B Organophosphorus poisoning
C Parthemium poisoning
D Barbiturate poisoning
38. Ans. A Datura poisoning
Pyrexia + contracted pupils = Phenobarbitone poisoning;
Pyrexia + dilated pupils = Datura poisoning.
Dhatura poisoning:
Delirium (Muttering (talking irrelevant), pill roling, carphologia),
Drowsiness,
Dilated pupils not responsive to light, Diplopia,
Drunken (staggering) gait,
Dilated cutaneous blood vessels (flushed face)
Dry mouth,
Dysarthria (slurred speech, difficulty in talking)
Dry and hot skin,
Dysphagia,
Tachycardia
Bronchodilation Constipation
Death