This document summarizes water quality testing conducted on samples from the SIT campus in Sambalpur, India. Various water quality parameters like pH, turbidity, hardness, chlorine, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, and iron content were tested and compared to standards in the Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification IS 10500:1991. Additionally, bacteriological testing using HiH2S strips was performed. The results found that most samples met standards, though some had higher than desirable turbidity. The document concludes that the water on campus is generally safe but recommends continued monitoring, awareness of water quality issues, and judicious water use.

1. WATER QUALITY STANDARD
OF
SIT,SAMBALPUR
Indian Standard
Drinking Water - Specification
IS 10500 : 1991
Group Members :-
Alok Kumar Thakur
Asish Panda
Bineet Baliyarsingh
Gayanand Barik
Gourav Sahoo
Pauline Abraham
Rishav Agrawal
Sagarika Choudhary
Vicky Kumar Gupta
Project Guide:-
Er. Ashutosh Rath
Asst. Professor
Civil Engg. Department
1

2. • Introduction
• Technical Terms
• Water Quality Assessment
• Health Effects of Chemical Parameters
• Conclusion & Recommendations
• Bibliography
CONTENTS
2

3. “A clear and sparkling water is not necessarily fit for
human consumption”
•A Wonderful Liquid
•Applications
•Consumption
•Water Quality’s Degrading Scenario
•Need of water quality assessment
INTRODUCTION
3

4. Technical Terms
• BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards)
• Desirable limits
• Permissible limit
• PPM
• NTU
• Hazen Units
4

5. • pH
• Turbidity
• Total Hardness
• Availability of Chlorine
• Dissolved Oxygen
• Biological Oxygen Demand
• Total Dissolved Solids
• Iron Content
• HiH2S Test
WATER QUALITY
ASSESSMENT
5

6. pH
IS 10500-
1991
Desirable :6.5 – 8.5, Permissible :No
relaxation
Risks or
effects
Low pH - corrosion, metallic taste
High pH – bitter/soda taste, deposits
Test
Tools
pH meter,
Spectroquant
Treatment
Increase pH by soda ash
Decrease pH with white vinegar / citric
acid, Test in
Results;
Chemistry Lab Filtration
Plant
College Water- 7.62 7.6
Boys’ Hostel- 7.55 7.6
Girls’ Hostel- 7.38 7.8
College Aqua Guard- 7.83 7.8
6

7. IS 10500-1991
(NTU unit)
Desirable: 1-5 NTU
Risks or effects Carry contaminant and pathogens like lead, mercury,
bacteria etc, Block light to aquatic plants, smother
organisms.
Treatment Conventional filtration such as adding coagulant
chemicals, coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation,
filtration
Results Chemistry lab Filtration plant
College water = 6 NTU 1.07 NTU
Boys’ Hostel = 9 NTU 0.66 NTU
Girls’ Hostel = 4 NTU 1.16 NTU
College Aqua guard = 9 NTU 0.2 NTU
TURBIDITY
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8. Hardness
IS 10500-1991 Desirable :300 mg/l , Permissible : 600 mg/l
Risks or effects Scale in utensils and hot water system, soap scum
Sources
Dissolved calcium and magnesium from soil and aquifer
minerals containing limestone or dolomite
Results
College : 134.98 mg/l
Boys Hostel : 124.44 mg/l
Girls Hostel : 128.52 mg/l College Aqua Guard :124.44 mg/l
Treatment Water Softener Ion Exchanger , Reverse Osmosis
8

9. Chlorine
IS 10500-1991 Desirable : 0.05 mg/l - 6 mg/l
Risks or effects
High blood pressure, salty taste, corroded pipes, fixtures and
appliances, blackening and pitting of stainless steel
Sources
Fertilizers
Industrial wastes
Minerals, seawater
Results
College :0.35mg/l
Boys Hostel :0.38mg/l
Girls Hostel :0.42mg/l College Aqua Guard: 0.35mg/l
Treatment Reverse Osmosis , Distillation, Activated Carbon
Cl
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10. Dissolved Oxygen
IS 10500-1991 Desirable : < 4 mg/l
Risks or effects Fish Mortality rate increase, gas
bubble disease in fish, dead zone area
Treatment Proper temperature of water, proper
photosynthesis , respiration of aquatic
life.
Results College water = 1.63 mg/l
Boy’s Hostel = 3.26 mg/l
Girl’s Hostel = 4.08 mg/l
College Aqua guard = 2.45 mg/l
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11. BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND(BOD)
IS 10500-1991 For pure water=1 mg/l
For polluted water= <5 mg/l
Risks or effects Increase water temperature, solubility of water
decreases, metabolic rate of aquatic organism increases,
demand of 02 increases.
Sources Careless discharge of heated water i.e. in industrial
places , removal of shading vegetation.
Results College water= 2.448
Boy’s Hostel= 3.26
Girl’s Hostel= 2.44
College Aqua guard=3.26
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12. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
IS 10500-1991 Desirable : 500 mg/l , Permissible : 2000 mg/l
Risks or effects
Hardness, scaly deposits, sediment, cloudy colored water,
staining, salty or bitter taste, corrosion of pipes and fittings
Sources
Livestock waste, septic system
Landfills, nature of soil
Hazardous waste landfills
Dissolved minerals, iron and manganese
Treatment Reverse Osmosis, Distillation, deionization by ion exchange
Results
College-1.1mg/l, Boys’ hostel-0.97mg/l, Girls’ hostel-1.1mg/l,
College aquaguard-1mg/l
12

13. Iron
IS 10500-1991 Desirable : 0.3 mg/l , Permissible : 1.0 mg/l
Risks or effects
Brackish color, rusty sediment, bitter or metallic taste, brown-
green stains, iron bacteria, discolored beverages
Sources
Leaching of cast iron pipes in water distribution systems
Natural
Results
College: 0.21 mg/l
Boys Hostel : 0.25 mg/l
Girls Hostel : 0.24 mg/l , College Aqua Guard: 0.15 mg/l
13

14. HiH2S STRIP TEST
• Bacteriological Test
• Test to detect the presence of E. Coli
• Used 4 Samples
Steps to Conduct Test :-
1. Fill the bottles with water
2. Keep at room temperature for the 24 Hours to 48 Hours.
3.Observe for the change in color of the medium.
4. a) If the content turns black, water is not fit for
drinking. Refer to adjacent picture.
b) If the content turns into any color other than black, it
indicates that water is free of bacteriological contamination.
5. Add few drops of some disinfectant (i.e. dettol, phenyl etc.)
and discard.
Results:- All samples turned black in colour except college
aquaguard
14

15. Colour, Hazen Units
IS 10500-1991 Desirable : 5 Hz. , Permissible : 25 Hz.
Risks or
effects
Visible tint, acceptance decreases
Sources
Tannins, Iron, Copper, Manganese
Natural deposits
Treatment Filtration, Distillation, Reverse osmosis, Ozonisation
TESTS YET TO BE CONDUCTED :-
1.
15

16. Odour
IS 10500-1991 Unobjectionable
Risks or effects Rotten egg, Musty, Chemical
Sources
Chlorine, Hydrogen sulphide, Organic matter, Septic
contamination, Methane gas
Treatment Activated carbon, Air stripping, oxidation, Filtration
2.
16

17. 17

18. 18

19. HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Parameter BIS Guideline value
(maximum
allowable)
General & Health effect
Total dissolved
solids
2000 mg/L Undesirable taste; gastro intestinal irritations;
corrosion or incrustation
PH 6.5-8.5 Affects mucous membrane; bitter taste; corrosion;
affects aquatic life
Alkalinity 600 mg/L Boiled rice turns yellowish
Hardness 600 mg/L Poor lathering with soap; deterioration of the quality of
clothes; scale forming; skin irritation; boiled meat
and food become poor in quality
Calcium 200 Poor lathering and deterioration of the quality of
clothes; incrustation in pipes; scale formation
Magnesium 100 Poor lathering and deterioration of clothes; with sulfate
laxative
Iron 1.0 Poor or sometimes bitter taste, color and turbidity;
staining of clothes materials; iron bacteria causing
slime
Manganese 0.3 Poor taste, color and turbidity; staining; black slime
19

20. Parameter
BIS Guideline value
(maximum allowable)
General & Health effect
Aluminum 0.2 Neurological disorders; Alzheimer's disease
Copper 1.5 Liver damage; mucosal irritation, renal damage and
depression; restricts growth of aquatic plants
Zinc 15 Astringent taste; opalescence in water; gastro intestinal
irritation; vomiting, dehydration, abdominal pain,
nausea and dizziness
Ammonia - Indicates pollution; growth of algae
Nitrite - Forms nitrosoamines which are carcinogenic
Nitrate 100 Blue baby disease (methemoglobineamia); algal growth
Sulfate 400 Taste affected; laxative effect; gastro intestinal
irritation
Chloride 1000 Taste affected; corrosive
Fluoride 1.5 Dental and skeletal fluorosis; non-skeletal
HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
20

21. Parameter
BIS Guideline
value (maximum
allowable)
General & Health effect
Phosphate - Algal growth
Arsenic 0.05 Toxic; bio-accumulation; central nervous system affected; carcinogenic
Mercury 0.001 Highly toxic; causes 'minamata' disease-neurological impairment and
renal disturbances; mutagenic
Cadmium 0.01 Highly toxic; causes 'itai-itai' disease-painful rheumatic condition;
cardio vascular system affected; gastro intestinal upsets and hyper
tension
Lead 0.05 Causes plumbism-tiredness, lassitudes, abdominal discomfort,
irritability, anaemia; bio-accumulation; impaired neurological and
motor development, and damage to kidneys
Chromium 0.05 Carcinogenic; ulcerations, respiratory problems and skin complaints
Pesticide 0.001 Affects central nervous system
Detergent - Undesirable foaming
HEALTH EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
21

22. As per the test conducted so far , water is safe
in SIT, Sambalpur
• Checks at regular interval
• Awareness of pure water
• Judicious use of water
• Hazardous form of water affect human cycle
CONCLUSION
& RECOMMENDATIONS
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23. https://google.co.in
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7f21d20bc114.jpg
http://pyrufoevyc.blogspot.com/2011/05/water-pollution-facts-for-kids.html
http://media.rd.com/dynamic/81/86/19/Oct06_JoinCopper-1_size2.jpg
http://ecorenovator.org/removing-sediment-water-heater/
http://ecogirlcosmoboy.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/trout_exhausted.jpg
http://www.livablefutureblog.com/2009/09/nyt-series-focuses-on-idaho-wisconsin-
groundwater-contamination/
http://edina.ac.uk/digimap/casestudies/mine_waterpollution/fig1.jpg
http://www.topnews.in/law/files/e-waste.jpg
http://www.blog.thesietch.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/dirty-water.jpg
Chemistry Laboratory, Basic science & Humanities Deptt., SIT Sambalpur
Sambalpur Headworks, Bareipali Filtration Plant, Public Health Division,
Sambalpur, Odisha
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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