toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
Toxicology is a very important topic and if u try reading each
poisons Separately , u will definitely forget them.
So best way to remember them more is to practice
MCQs and then read topics by correlating.
That’s what I think….
It may or may not apply for u…..
But atleast try once like this and then choose your own way .
toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
Toxicology is a very important topic and if u try reading each
poisons Separately , u will definitely forget them.
So best way to remember them more is to practice
MCQs and then read topics by correlating.
That’s what I think….
It may or may not apply for u…..
But atleast try once like this and then choose your own way .
Toxicology is a very important topic and if u try reading each
poisons Separately , u will definitely forget them.
So best way to remember them more is to practice
MCQs and then read topics by correlating.
That’s what I think….
It may or may not apply for u…..
But atleast try once like this and then choose your own way .
toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
Toxicology is a very important topic and if u try reading each
poisons Separately , u will definitely forget them.
So best way to remember them more is to practice
MCQs and then read topics by correlating.
That’s what I think….
It may or may not apply for u…..
But atleast try once like this and then choose your own way .
toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
Toxicology is a very important topic and if u try reading each
poisons Separately , u will definitely forget them.
So best way to remember them more is to practice
MCQs and then read topics by correlating.
That’s what I think….
It may or may not apply for u…..
But atleast try once like this and then choose your own way .
Toxicology is a very important topic and if u try reading each
poisons Separately , u will definitely forget them.
So best way to remember them more is to practice
MCQs and then read topics by correlating.
That’s what I think….
It may or may not apply for u…..
But atleast try once like this and then choose your own way .
Heavy metal poisoning is caused by the accumulation of certain metals in the body due to exposure through food, water, industrial chemicals, or other sources. While your body needs small amounts of some heavy metals to function normally — such as zinc, copper, chromium, iron, and manganese — toxic amounts are harmful.
Toxicology is a very important topic and if u try reading each
poisons Separately , u will definitely forget them.
So best way to remember them more is to practice
MCQs and then read topics by correlating.
That’s what I think….
It may or may not apply for u…..
But atleast try once like this and then choose your own way .
For More Medicine Free PPT - http://playnever.blogspot.com/
For Health benefits and medicine videos Subscribe youtube channel - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKg-H-sMh9G01zEg4YpndngXODW2bq92w
Snake bite is one of the major public health problems in the tropics. It is also emerging as an occupational disease of agricultural workers. In view of their strong beliefs and many associated myths, people resort to magico –religious treatment for snake bite thus, causing delay in seeking proper treatment.
Snake bites is a particularly important public health problem in rural areas of tropical and subtropical countries situated in Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America.
Heavy metal poisoning is caused by the accumulation of certain metals in the body due to exposure through food, water, industrial chemicals, or other sources. While your body needs small amounts of some heavy metals to function normally — such as zinc, copper, chromium, iron, and manganese — toxic amounts are harmful.
Toxicology is a very important topic and if u try reading each
poisons Separately , u will definitely forget them.
So best way to remember them more is to practice
MCQs and then read topics by correlating.
That’s what I think….
It may or may not apply for u…..
But atleast try once like this and then choose your own way .
For More Medicine Free PPT - http://playnever.blogspot.com/
For Health benefits and medicine videos Subscribe youtube channel - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKg-H-sMh9G01zEg4YpndngXODW2bq92w
Snake bite is one of the major public health problems in the tropics. It is also emerging as an occupational disease of agricultural workers. In view of their strong beliefs and many associated myths, people resort to magico –religious treatment for snake bite thus, causing delay in seeking proper treatment.
Snake bites is a particularly important public health problem in rural areas of tropical and subtropical countries situated in Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America.
The chief vegetable purgatives are aloes, colocynth, gamboge, jalap,
scammony, seeds of castor-oil plant, croton-oil, elaterium, the
hellebores, and colchicum. All these have, either alone or combined,
proved fatal. The active principle in aloes is aloin; of jalap, jalapin;
of white hellebore, veratria; and of colchicum, colchicin. Morrison's
pills contain aloes and colocynth; aloes is also the chief ingredient in
Holloway's pills
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology (IJCPT) ISSN:2167-910X aims to develop coherent means to modify drug therapy, with respect to the patients genotype, and to ensure maximum efficiency with minimal contrary effects. Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology is the all-encompassing and becoming an increasingly important discipline for the identification of disease targets and drug designing with their toxicological effects and means to eradicate diseases.
General and Emergency Management of Poisoning- dr pooja prasad.pptxPoojaPrasad67
It is all about the general and emergency approach of treatment of poisoning. consists of initial assessment of poisoning followed with techniques of emesis, use of antidotes, pharmacological actions of drugs and symptomatic treatment given after the treatment. This also includes the anti venom and anti rabies section.
duties of medical Practioner and some of the laws have mentioned.
What is definition of poisoning?
Poisoning is injury or death due to swallowing, inhaling, touching or injecting various drugs, chemicals, venoms or gases. Many substances — such as drugs and carbon monoxide — are poisonous only in higher concentrations or dosages.
activated charcoal – sometimes used to treat someone who's been poisoned; the charcoal binds to the poison and stops it being further absorbed into the blood.
antidotes – these are substances that either prevent the poison from working or reverse its effects.
There are four major routes by which a chemical may enter the body:
Inhalation (breathing)
Skin (or eye) contact.
Swallowing (ingestion or eating)
Injection.
Exercise Testing in Cardiology : Dr. Akif Baigakifab93
The testing modality and protocol should be selected in accordance with the patient’s estimated functional capacity based on age, estimated physical fitness from the patient’s history, and underlying disease
Several exercise test protocols are available for both treadmill and stationary cycle ergometers
Patients who have low estimated fitness levels or are deemed to be at higher risk because of underlying disease (e.g., recent MI, heart failure) should be tested with a less aggressive exercise protocol
Treadmill and cycle ergometers may use stepped or continuous ramp protocols
Work rate increments (stages) during stepped protocols can vary from 1 to 2.5 METs
Ramp protocols are designed with stages that are no longer than 1 minute and for the patient to attain peak effort within 8 to 12 minutes
The natriuretic peptide system works antagonistically to the RAAS and has favorable effects on the pathogenesis of heart failure
Natriuretic peptides are broken down by an enzyme called neprilysin
Neprilysin is also responsible for the breakdown of other substances, including bradykinin and angiotensin II
Sacubitril/valsartan is a combination product
Sacubitril is a pro-drug that, upon activation, acts as a neprilysin inhibitor
It works by blocking the action of neprilysin, thus preventing the breakdown of natriuretic peptides
This leads to a prolonged duration of the favorable effects of these peptides
Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 16% of total deaths globally .
Atherosclerosis plays a central role, with early fatty streaks progressing to late complex atheromas
Vascular calcification, the pathogenic and process of ectopic bone production, specifically was shown to strongly correlate with degree of atherosclerosis (both calcified and noncalcified)
Vascular calcification was shown independently to predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
These associations, combined with the radio-opaque appearance of calcium hydroxyappatite on CT images, have led to extensive investigation of the quantification, or scoring, of coronary artery calcium (CAC).
CAC scoring has emerged as a widely available and powerful tool for stratifying cardiovascular risk, predicting patient outcomes, and guiding preventive therapy
A coronary bifurcation consists of a flow divider (carina) and three vessel segments:
The proximal main vessel (PMV)
The distal main vessel (DMV) and
The side branch (SB).
A bifurcation lesion is a major epicardial coronary artery stenosis next to and/or including the ostium of a significant side branch
A significant SB is a branch whose severe narrowing or acute occlusion before or during intervention can cause considerable ischemia or a new infarction area that will worsen the clinical course of a particular patient.
Other important elements to consider that are not inherent in the bifurcation classifications include:
Extent of disease on the SB (limited to the ostium or involving the vessel beyond the ostium)
Its size (over 2.5mm in reference diameter)
Bifurcation angle, and
Disease distribution
Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction remains one of the
best prognostic determinants of survival in patients
with coronary artery disease (CAD)
⚫ It was originally thought that dysfunctional
myocardium after an infarction was irreversibly
damaged
⚫ However, it was later recognized that some of the
involved tissue remained viable and contractility may
be restored with revascularization
HCM is a common genetic heart disease reported in populations globally
Inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern
The distribution of HCM is equal by sex, although women are diagnosed less commonly than men
The prevalence of unexplained asymptomatic hypertrophy in young adults has been reported to range from 1:200 to 1:500
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect, which has four anatomical components:
Anterior malalignment ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Aortic override over the muscular septum
Variable degrees of subvalvar, valvar, and supravalvar pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular (RV) infundibular narrowing and RV hypertrophy
Ventricular septal defects occur either as an isolated defect or as a component of a more complex lesion
It occurs in 50 percent of all children with CHD and in 20 to 30 percent as an isolated lesion
Most common congenital cardiac anomaly in children
Second most common congenital abnormality in adults, second only to bicuspid aortic valves
They are more common in premature infants and those born with low weight
VSDs are slightly more common in females (56%)
Patients with peripheral artery disease who have undergone lower-extremity revascularization are at high risk for major adverse limb and cardiovascular events
The efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in this context are uncertain
Most common cyanotic heart defect seen in children beyond infancy, accounting for a third of all congenital heart disease (CHD) in this age group
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect, which has four anatomical components:
Anterior malalignment ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Aortic override over the muscular septum
Variable degrees of subvalvar, valvar, and supravalvar pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular (RV) infundibular narrowing and RV hypertrophy
Bentracimab (also known as PB2452) is a neutralizing recombinant human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody antigen-binding fragment that binds ticagrelor and its major active circulating metabolite with high affinity and specificity
Chlorthalidone for hypertension in advanced ckdakifab93
Chlorthalidone, a thiazide-like diuretic, reduces cardiovascular morbidity, such as the incidence of stroke and heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality
However, its efficacy and safety among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease remain poorly understood
An acute illness caused by an autoimmune response to infection with group A Streptococcus, leading to a range of possible symptoms and signs affecting any or all of heart, joints, brain, skin and subcutaneous tissues
Amyloidosis is a group of protein-folding disorders in which >1 organ is infiltrated by proteinaceous deposits known as amyloid. Amyloid involvement of the heart (cardiac amyloidosis) carries the worst prognosis of any involved organ, and light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most serious form of the disease
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
2. Note : Toxicology is a very important topic and if u try reading each
poisons Separately , u will definitely forget them.
So best way to remember them more is to practice
MCQs and then read topics by correlating.
That’s what I think….
It may or may not apply for u…..
But atleast try once like this and then choose your own way .
3.
4. 1) Gastric lavage is indicated in all cases of acute poisoning ideally because of:
A Fear of aspiration
B Danger of cardiac arrest
C Danger of respiratory arrest
D Inadequate ventilation
5. Ans. A Fear of aspiration
The main danger of consuming a poison, other than
reducing the effects of poison itself on the body due to
absorption, is death due to aspiration pneumonitis.
It is because of this that gastric lavage is indicated in all
cases of acute poisoning wherever possible.
6. -Ideal time = <3hrs
-Initially lavage should be done with plain water since the poison need to be
sent to lab for tests.
-MC substance used for gastric Lavage = KMnO4
- Ideal tube = Lavacutor
- Position of Patient during lavage = Prone/Left lateral
- Contra Indicated in = Corrosives except Carbolic acid
(Since Increase chance of aspiration)
8. -Measure from tip of nose to ear lobe first……
- then measure from ear lobe to xiphoid process….
- add both measurements and mark it on Ryle’s tube….
-Insert Ryle’s tube upto that level.
9. -Government doctor should inform all cases
of poisoning to Police
- Private practitioner should inform only in
Homicidal cases.
10.
11. Opium is always secreted into G.I.T doesn’t matter from which route it is taken/
administered. So gastric lavage is compulsory for opium poisoning.
12. Q.2) A 60 year old man presents in OPD with history of opium
addiction for the last 20 yrs. He has given up opium for 2 days.
Withdrawal symptoms will include:
A )Drowsiness
B )Constricted pupil
C) Rhinorrhoea
D)↓ed Blood pressure
13. Ans. C Rhinorrhoea
Withdrawal symptoms due to any drug of addiction are usually
same, barring minor differences- Chilliness/ sensation of cold,
uneasiness, yawning, rhinorrhoea, lacrimation, goose-skin,
tremors, dilated pupils, anorexia, tachypnoea, ↑ sleep, fever,
HT, cramps legs/abdomen, diarrhoea.
-All secretions are increased like lacrimation, Rhinorrhea ,
vomitings,etc.
14. -Derived from Poppy plant
- Unriped fruit is Toxic
-Seeds are not toxic
-Lethal dose : 2gms
- Lethal dose of Morphine = 0.2gms
-Active principle = Endorphin
-Black color postmortem lividity
NATURAL SYNTHETIC
Morphine Bupronorphine
Codeine Methadone
Heroin Dextromethorphine
Thebaine
Poppy plant
15.
16. 1) Stage of Excitement = Hallucination
2) Stage of stupor
3) Stage of coma = Pin point non reacting pupil,hypotension, bradycardia,
Respiratory depression
- There may be whit froth from mouth , in PM examination.
18. 1) Acute Intoxication = I.V Naloxone followed by Naltrexone
2) Withdrawal symptoms = Methadone> Buprenorphine
Since methadone is a opioid agonist and it produces all effects of morphine/heroin
except dependence
3) Maintenance therapy = Methadone> Buprenorphine
4) Aversion therapy = Naltrexone
19. -Di acetyl Morphine
-Addiction is known as Cutting-In
-Also k/a Brown sugar/smack/junk
-Smoking Heroin is k/a Chasing The Dragon
-Speed ball = Heroin + Cocaine
20. -CNS Stimulant
-Mech. ; Dopamine/Serotonin/Nor epinephrine
-Vasoconstrictor
-Derives from leaves of erythoxylum cocca
-Tactile hallucinations: also k/a Cocaine bugs/magnan bugs
-Paranoid delusions : is the fixed, false belief that one is being
harmed or persecuted by a particular person or group of people.
-If sniffed can cause Nasal septum perforation
-On oral intake : Black jet tongue
-Antidote = Amyl Nitrate
23. 3.Q. The sensation of creeping, bugs over the body is a feature
of poisoning with:
A Cocaine
B Diazepam
C Barbiturates
D Brown sugar
24. Ans. A Cocaine
‘Cocaine bugs’/ Magnan’s symptoms,
+ ulceration of the nasal septum due to sniffing.
Cocainism= Cocaine habit
Cocainomania- chr. abusers tolerate upto 10gms/day.
Antidote- amyl nitrite.
25. 4.Q. Which type of cattle poisoning occurs due to ingestion
of LINSEED (Alsi) plant:
A Aconite
B Pilocarpine
C Atropine
D Hydrocyanic acid
27. 5.Q) Heera Lals’s 10 year old child presented in casualty with
snakebite since six hours. On examination no systemic signs
are found & lab investigation are normal except localized
swelling over the leg <5 cms. Next step in management
would be:
A Incision & suction of local swelling
B I/V anti-venom serum
C S/c anti-venom at local swelling
D Observe the patient for progression of symptoms wait for
anti-venom therapy
28. Ans. D Observe the patient for progression of symptoms
wait for anti-venom therapy
Since there no systemic signs & lab investigation are
normal and there is only mild swelling over the leg <5 cms
….
These is considered non toxic and swelling is a reaction
of inflammation….
so we can wait till further symptoms arrives…
29. -Ophistoxemia
- Cobra
-Common Krait
-King Cobra
-Viper : Russel viper
Saw scaled Viper
-Sea Snake = Myotoxic
- In Krait local symptoms are absent
Elipidae group
- Neurotoxic
Hemotoxic
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42. Krait is most poisonous but still Cobra is considered more
dangerous since it inserts 40times more poison than KRAIT
Fatal dose= Cobra=12mg
Krait = 6mg
Fatal Period= ½ -6hrs
43.
44.
45. 1) Immobilise the limb as movement may aggrevate spread
2) Bite site shouldn’t be cleaned or sucked
3) Tourniquet is of no use as poison spreads from lymphatics and not from
blood vessels but still if it is applied ,it shouldn’t be very tight.
The pressure should be less than 70mmHg.
4) Antisnake Venom : Produced in Hoffkin Institute Bombay
48. 6.Q.Cherry-red colour in post mortem staining is a feature of
poisoning with:
A Nitrites
B Aniline
C Phosphorus
D Carbon Monoxide
49. Ans. D Carbon Monoxide
(Colour of post-mortem staining in poisoning-
1) Dark brown or yellow- Phosphorus or acute copper poisoning,
2)Cherry red- CO & Cold storage,
3) Bluish-green- H2S,
4) Bright red- HCN/ Cyanides,
5) Chocolate/Red-brown coloured- Nitrites/Nitrates, aniline, Nitrobenzene,
Acetanilide, Bromates, Chlorates (due to formation of Methaemoglobin.)
50. 7.Q. In exhumed bodies, poison likely to be detected:
A Dhatura
B Mercury
C Arsenic
D Cocaine
51. Ans. C (Arsenic is the poison likely to be detected in exhumed bodies as it
undergoes post-mortem imbibition.)
52.
53. Metallic Arsenic is not poisonous since it is not absorbed in intestines
Arsenic oxide or arsenic trioxide is poisonous and it occurs in powder form.
It has no smell,no taste and partly soluble in water.
-Copper arsenite - Scheele’s Green
- copper acetoarsenite – Paris green
-It reacts with sulfhydryl group and interferes
with cell metabolism
-Fulminant dose: 3-5gms
- fulminant period: 1-3hrs
Fatal dose – 100-200mg
Fatal period: 1-2days
54.
55. Aldrich mee lines
- Rain drop pigmentation/rash/Red velvety Mucosa
Sub endocardial hemorrhage
Excessive pigmentation
Neuritis
Iron Oxide + BAL : Treatment
Mimics Cholera
56.
57.
58. 1) Hemodialysis
2) Gastric lavage– but do not mix alkali as it may increase solubility
of arsenic
3) Chelating agent : BAL+ Iron Oxide
4) arsine binds to and causes rapid destruction of red blood cells, so blood
transfusions and exchange transfusions may help the patient
59. ARSENOPHAGISTS – Persons who can tolerate Arsenic in high doses
-Mimics Cholera/Measles/addison’s disease
- may cause basal cell carcinoma
- also causes fatty infiltration of liver/NCPF
- Ideal Test: Gutzeit Test > Reinsch Test
- In chronic poisoning arsenic may be found in Bones/nails/hairs
-Can be detected even in decomposed body/bones/ashes
- delays putrifaction
60. 8.Q.Which of the following poisons has only local action?
A Sulphuric acid
B Carbolic acid
C Oxalic acid
D Phosphorus
61. Ans. A Sulphuric acid
Sulphuric acid - effect on the system.
Extract the water from the tissues
Fixes, destroys and erodes the tissues
Converts haemoglobin in to heamatin
Causes coagulation necrosis by precipitation of proteins
62. -Oil of Vitriol
-Vitriolage : Throwing corrosive on another person
-MC symptom dur to ingestion : Pharyngeal Pain
-Brown discoloration of stomach
-Only local symptoms…no systemic effects
-Maximum chance of stomach perforation among all corrosives
-Mucosa will be burnt : Bloating Paper appearance
-Gastric lavage and alkali administration is contra indicated
-Antidote = MgO
63.
64. -PHENOL
-Only corrosive where gastric lavage can be done.
-Metabolites : Pyrocatechol
Hydroquinone
-Ochronosis : Hydroquinone deposits in cartilages.
-Carboluria : Both metabolites when excreted in urine gives Green colour
-Delays decomposition
-Causes miosis
-Fatal dose : 1-2ml
-Fatal period: 3-4hrs
Mnemonic : 1-2-3-4
65. -Acid of Sugar/ Acid of Sorrel
-Presnt in Tomato/ Cabbage/ Spinach
-Oxalate reacts with calcium and thus causes Hypocalcemia
-Used as Ink remover
-Coffee ground vomiting: Blood + vomiting
-Antidote: Calcium Gluconate
Coffee ground vomiting
66. -Aqua Fortis
-Gives brown color to urine
-Xanthoproteic reaction : Skin becomes Yellow
-Brown mucosa
70. -MC route of poisoning = Inhalation
-Sindhur = Lead Tetraoxide
-Antidote = E.D.T.A ( In children: DMSA (succimer)
-MC lead leading to toxicity= Lead acetate
-Lethal dose = 20gm
-Chronic poisoning is known as Plumbism/Saturnism
75. LAB PARAMETER VALUES REMARK
1) Coproporphyrin in
Urine
>150mcg/l Exposure to lead
2) Amino Levulinic Acid
in Urine
>5mg/l Indicates lead
absorption
3) Lead in blood >70mcg/100ml Clinical symptoms
appears
4) Lead in urine >0.8mg/l Lead exposure and
absorption
5) Basophilic stippling
of RBCs
Punctate basophilia
76. 10)Q. An addicted patient presenting with visual and tactile
hallucinations, has black staining of tongue and teeth,
the agent is:
A Cocaine
B Cannabis
C Heroin
D Opium
77. Ans. A Cocaine
COCAINE POISONING-
tactile hallucinations (Magnan's symptoms = Cocaine bugs),
visual hallucinations,
black staining of tongue & teeth,
ulceration of the nasal septum due to sniffing.
78. 11)Q. A farmer was brought to the casualty with restlessness and
agitation. Examination shows temp 1030 F, flushed face, pupils
dilated and fixed. The diagnosis is:
A Dhatura poisoning
B Organophosphorus poisoning
C Diazepam poisoning
D Opium poisoning
79. Ans. A Dhatura poisoning
Hot as a hare,
Blind as a bat,
Dry as a bone,
Red as a beet,
Mad as wet hen.
Pyrexia + contracted pupils = Phenobarbitone poisoning;
Pyrexia + dilated pupils = Datura poisoning.
82. 12) Q.BAL is used as an antidote poisoning for:
A Morphine
B Aconite
C Phenol
D Mercury
83. Ans. D Mercury B.A.L. = Dimercaprol = British anti-lewisite = As, Pb, Bi, Cu, Hg, Gold.
Action- heavy metals combine with the two –SH groups on BAL.
Dose- 3-4 mg/kgbw of 10% BAL
84. 1) British Anti Lewisite (B.A.L)
(Dimercaprol)
Given in = Arsenic
Mercury
C.I in = Iron/Cadmium
