Thermal spraying
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This document discusses various surface coating methods used to improve wear and corrosion resistance of materials. It provides details on several coating techniques including thermal spraying methods like flame spraying, plasma spraying and HVOF. The key points are: 1) Different coating methods like thermal spraying, vapor deposition, mechanical cladding are used to improve surface properties. 2) Thermal spraying techniques like flame spraying, plasma spraying and HVOF are described in detail along with the coating materials, temperatures involved and applications. 3) Characteristics of different coatings like hardness, porosity and adhesion strength obtained from various spraying methods are summarized in tables for comparison.
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Surface finishing process
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This document summarizes various surface treatment techniques including mechanical processes like shot peening and deep rolling that modify the surface without changing chemistry, thermal processes like electron beam treatment and laser treatment, and thermo-chemical processes like carburizing, nitriding, and carbonitriding that diffuse elements like carbon or nitrogen into the surface. It provides details on the mechanisms, advantages, and applications of these different surface modification methods.
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1) Super finishing processes such as honing, lapping, and super finishing are used to remove grinding defects from parts, obtain a desired surface finish, and improve geometry.
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3) They have the capability to coat, grind, and lap ball valves from 1/2" to 14" as well as provide coated components for gate valves, plug valves, control valves, and other industrial parts.
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Spraymet started in 1995 with the aim of providing total surface technology solutions. It has various thermal spray facilities like HVOF and plasma spray systems. It offers services like thermal spraying, hardfacing, component manufacturing and surface treatment for industries like pumps, valves, steel etc. Spraymet has the capability to apply coatings like carbides, metals and alloys using thermal spray processes to improve properties like wear resistance, corrosion resistance, hardness etc. It has coated various industrial parts for applications in valves, pumps and other machinery.
Alloy performance-guide
This document provides information on alloy performance including:
- Descriptions of common heat and corrosion resistant alloys including their chemical compositions and properties.
- Mechanical and physical properties for various alloys in the annealed condition.
- Maximum allowable design stress values for some alloys according to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
- Charts with data on creep rates, stress to rupture, corrosion resistance, and other properties for different alloys at high temperatures.
Piping materials lhk
This document discusses various piping materials used in industrial applications. It describes key factors considered when selecting piping materials such as mechanical properties, safety, corrosion resistance and cost. Various classes of materials are covered including ferrous materials like carbon steel, alloy steels and stainless steel, and non-ferrous materials like copper, aluminum, nickel and titanium. Temperature limitations and common material compositions are provided for different piping materials.
1698429352190.pdf
This document provides an overview of common damage mechanisms and materials used in the refining industry presented by Charlie Buscemi. It discusses API 571 which describes damage mechanisms and references other standards. It then summarizes various alloys used in refineries including carbon steels, stainless steels, and specialty alloys. Various mechanical and corrosion-based damage mechanisms are described that can affect fixed equipment, such as spheroidization, embrittlement, creep, fatigue, and corrosion. Inspection techniques for identifying damage are also outlined.
Piping Material.PPT
This document discusses various piping materials used in modular fabrication yards. It covers the classification of materials into metals and non-metals and describes their selection based on mechanical and metallurgical properties. Specific details are provided about carbon steels, alloy steels, stainless steels, and corrosion. Standards for material naming conventions from ASTM and ASME are also outlined.
Surface treatments
This document discusses various surface treatment and coating techniques. It covers conversion coatings like oxidation, anodizing, and phosphate coatings. It also outlines thermal treatments for diffusion, carburizing, and nitriding. Metal coatings like electroplating, electroless plating, and metallizing of plastics are examined. Finally, vapor deposition methods of PVD and CVD are summarized. The document provides a detailed overview of common surface engineering processes used to modify material properties.
Surface Modification of Aluminum, Titanium and Magnesium Alloys by Plasma Ele...
This document provides information on plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings, including:
1) PEO is a plasma-based surface treatment that converts metal surfaces like aluminum and titanium into protective nano-ceramic coatings with improved wear, corrosion and thermal properties.
2) IBC's Ceratough coatings produced via PEO provide significantly better performance than traditional anodized coatings, with hardness over 10 times higher and up to 10 times improved wear life.
3) PEO coatings are environmentally-friendly as they use water-based electrolytes and produce no hazardous waste streams.
Autogenous pulsed laser welding of aluminium alloy AA6082-T651
Autogenous laser welding of the AA6082-T651 aluminium alloy was investigated with 3 lasers, namely a pulsed laser of 300W, a disk laser of 4kW and a laser marker of 70W. First, the hot cracking susceptibility was studied with two conventional laser welding equipment, without using filler material or heat treatment. Additionally, an attempt was made to weld with a laser marking equipment. Most of the welds made were laser seam welds but, some continuous and laser spot welds were also tested. As each laser was operated with different parameters, more than 400 welds were obtained with a wide range of parameters. Selected welds were studied with visual inspection, dye penetrant inspection (DPI), optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results indicated that welds with pulse laser beam tend to develop hot cracking, due to the segregation of silicon-rich low melting point eutectics to the grain boundaries and the development of contraction stresses during solidification. On the other hand, positive results were found with continuous welding since this process results in much longer solidification times and lower stresses. Finally, promising results were obtained with the laser marking machine, which produced high aspect ratio laser seam welds without hot cracking and a penetration of 1 mm using 99.9% of overlap factor. These welds were crack free due to their small weld pool, avoiding segregation effects, and to the heat build-up of successive spots, what had similar effect to solidification in continuous welding.
Advanced welding technology.ppt
The document discusses various advanced welding technologies. It begins by defining welding and classifying different welding processes based on factors like the materials, joint geometry, quality requirements etc. It then describes different gas welding and arc welding processes like oxy-fuel welding, shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding (TIG), gas metal arc welding (MIG) etc. in detail. It also covers other welding techniques like resistance spot welding, friction welding, electroslag welding and their principles and applications. In the end, guidelines for welding of different metals like cast iron, aluminum, steel etc. are provided.
LCV carbide coatings to improve wear resistance
Laser Cladding of carbide materials enables extra wear resistance due to the metallurgical bond and optimal carbide integration.
As such laser cladding is a valid alternative in terms of cost and quality for conventional techniques suct as PTA, HVOF, PLASMA JET and others.
More info on www.lcv.be
MANUFACTURING PROCESS-I
This document discusses various joining processes including welding, brazing, soldering and adhesive bonding. It covers the principles, equipment and techniques for gas welding, arc welding, resistance welding, special welding processes like TIG, MIG, plasma arc welding and friction welding. The document also discusses brazing and soldering methods, filler materials and fluxes used.
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY-I
This document discusses various joining processes including welding, brazing, soldering and adhesive bonding. It covers the principles, equipment and techniques for gas welding, arc welding, resistance welding, special welding processes like TIG, plasma arc welding and friction welding. The document also discusses brazing and soldering methods, filler materials and fluxes used.
UNIT - II.ppt
This document discusses various joining processes including welding, brazing, soldering and adhesive bonding. It covers the principles, equipment and techniques for gas welding, arc welding, resistance welding, special welding processes like TIG, plasma arc and friction welding. The document also discusses brazing and soldering methods, filler materials, flux materials and types of adhesive bonding.
Corrosion Sl Part One
Corrosion science training aims to help participants recognize corrosion issues, avoid business impacts, and select appropriate materials. The training covers corrosion chemistry, forms of corrosion, and engineering considerations. It discusses how parameters like chemical composition, surface condition, temperature, and pH affect corrosion. Passivation creates a protective chromium oxide layer on stainless steel.
High Temperature Ceramic Capacitors For Harsh Environments
This document summarizes KEMET's high temperature ceramic capacitor products for harsh environments. It provides an overview of their applications, product types, differentiators, grades and ratings. It highlights several new products including a 200°C HV C0G SMD MLCC, 200°C gold termination finishes, and a 260°C C0G SMD MLCC. The document concludes by announcing an upcoming conference on high temperature electronics and thanking the audience.
Ch-19 Gas Welding, Gas Cutting & Arc Welding.pptx
Welding is a process that joins materials by causing coalescence through heating or pressure. It requires a heat source, protection from oxidation for the molten metal, and preventing harmful metallurgical effects. Welding processes include oxy-fuel welding, arc welding, resistance welding, and solid state welding. Factors that determine weldability include the material, welding process, and necessary precautions for the specific material like removing oxide layers. Proper welding techniques are required to achieve high quality welds.
Similar to Thermal spraying (20)
Surface Modification of Aluminum, Titanium and Magnesium Alloys by Plasma Ele...
Surface Modification of Aluminum, Titanium and Magnesium Alloys by Plasma Ele...
Autogenous pulsed laser welding of aluminium alloy AA6082-T651
Autogenous pulsed laser welding of aluminium alloy AA6082-T651
High Temperature Ceramic Capacitors For Harsh Environments
High Temperature Ceramic Capacitors For Harsh Environments
Manufacturing science, mechanical engineering. Welding process
Manufacturing science, mechanical engineering. Welding process
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Processing and application of al li alloys
This document discusses aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) alloys, including their composition, properties, processing, and applications. Key points include:
- Al-Li alloys contain up to 2.45% lithium by weight, reducing the density by up to 3% per 1% lithium.
- Common grades include 2195 and 2090, with 2195 used for cryogenic storage.
- Processing involves melting, casting, and mechanical working like rolling and extrusion, followed by heat treatments.
- Lithium enhances properties by displacing aluminum atoms, strain hardening the lattice, and precipitation hardening through Al3Li phases.
- Applications of Al-Li alloys
Spray coating
Thermal spray coatings are used to produce wear and corrosion resistant surfaces. The coating is applied by melting or softening material and propelling it in a high-velocity jet of heated gas onto a substrate. Different processes like wire spraying, powder spraying, detonation gun, and plasma spraying can be used to apply coatings of metals, cermets, ceramics, or polymers. The substrate must be prepared through abrasive blasting to achieve proper roughness for bonding of the coating. Thermal spray coatings provide good adhesion through mechanical bonding and are used for applications requiring wear resistance, corrosion protection, heat resistance, or insulation.
American Welding Society (AWS) Certifications for WELDING INSPECTOR WELD...
American Welding Society (AWS) Certifications for WELDING INSPECTOR WELDING ENGINEER EDUCATION
crystal property
This document discusses nano crystalline materials and amorphous materials. It defines a nanocrystal as having at least one dimension less than 100nm. It describes techniques like ball milling that are used to produce metallic and ceramic nano materials. Ball milling involves grinding media that crush solids into nano crystallites. Amorphous solids lack a definite crystal structure and include materials like glass and plastic. The document discusses applications of nano materials like using nano shells for cancer therapy and concludes some materials can be produced as amorphous solids or metallic glasses.
Martensitic stainless steel
Martensitic stainless steels contain between 15-25% chromium and are characterized by their high hardness. They can achieve a hardness of up to 700 Brinell after quenching, which causes a diffusionless transformation that forms martensite crystals. Common applications include kitchen equipment, sinks, automotive components, and springs.
Corrosion failures
The document discusses various types of corrosion including uniform corrosion, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, galvanic corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, intergranular corrosion, dealloying, and erosion corrosion. It also examines factors that influence corrosion such as the nature of the metal, temperature, moisture, pH, and impurities in the environment. Finally, it reviews methods to control corrosion including material selection, coatings, cathodic protection, and design considerations.
Iron carbide-Fe3C
The iron-carbon phase diagram shows the equilibrium phases that exist at different temperatures for iron-carbon alloys. It includes three main phase transformations: the peritectic reaction where liquid transforms to austenite above 1400°C, the eutectic reaction where liquid transforms to austenite and cementite at 1130°C, and the eutectoid reaction where austenite transforms to ferrite and cementite at 723°C. The diagram is used to understand the microstructures that form during cooling of steels based on their carbon content, such as mixtures of ferrite and pearlite for eutectoid steels or ferrite/cementite for hypoeutect
thirunavukarasu
This document discusses several companies that develop biomaterials for biomedical applications. Zimmer designs, manufactures, and distributes orthopedic implants using materials like stainless steel, titanium, alumina, and hydroxyapatite. MATECH Biomedical Technologies develops biomaterials through chemical polymerization methods. Baxter International develops technologies related to blood and circulatory systems using materials like Dacron for vascular grafts. Polymer Technology Group synthesizes and manufactures new polymer products like poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyurethanes. The document also briefly mentions Howmedica/Stryker Orthopaedics, Molecular Geodesics Inc, and several other biomaterials companies.
thirunavukarasu hari, psg tech
This document discusses several companies that develop biomaterials for biomedical applications. Zimmer designs, manufactures, and distributes orthopedic implants using materials like stainless steel, titanium, alumina, and hydroxyapatite. MATECH Biomedical Technologies develops biomaterials through chemical polymerization methods. Baxter International develops technologies related to blood and circulatory systems using materials like Dacron for vascular grafts. Polymer Technology Group synthesizes and manufactures new polymer products like poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyurethanes. The document also briefly mentions Molecular Geodesics Inc, Howmedica/Stryker Orthopaedics, and several other biomaterials companies.
Thermography
This document discusses infrared thermography (IRT) for aircraft inspection. IRT uses an infrared camera to detect differences in surface temperature that can indicate defects. The basic IRT kit includes an IR camera, control panel, and software for image processing. Cameras are chosen based on sensitivity, frame rate, and detector type. Heating methods include hot air, lamps, and pulsed lasers to induce temperature differences. IRT is well-suited for composite inspection and can detect defects like delamination from one side of a part. Modulated thermography techniques like lock-in thermography improve defect contrast.
Continuous casting.PPT
Continuous casting was conceived in the 1860s and has since led to major improvements in efficiency, productivity, and cost reductions for metal production. The process involves cleaning and equalizing molten metal in a ladle before pouring it into a tundish where impurities are removed, then the metal travels through water cooled copper molds to begin solidifying as it moves downward along supported rollers. The key advantages are 100% casting yield due to no waste metal, an automatic and consistent process, and reproducible mechanical properties.
Annealing , normalizing , quenching , martensitic transformation (1)
The document discusses various heat treatment processes including annealing, normalizing, quenching, and martensitic transformation. It provides details on the purposes, methods, and applications of each process. Annealing involves heating and slow cooling to relieve stresses and modify properties. Normalizing heats above the transformation temperature and air cools to produce a fine grain structure. Quenching rapidly cools steel above the transformation temperature to form very hard martensite. Martensitic transformation is the formation of acicular needlelike structures during rapid cooling of austenite.
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学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
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Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
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留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版(CalArts毕业证)加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证如何办理
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Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
LLM Fine Tuning with QLoRA Cassandra Lunch 4, presented by Anant
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
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Thermal spraying
- 2. Wear − mechanical; − corrosive-mechanical. Criteria: wear resistance (by mass/volume, relative) Methods of surface reinforcement − surface alloying and hardening; − coatings (sprayed coatings, vapor deposited coatings, cladded coatings, galvanic coatings, diffusion coatings); − metal cladding (bimetal materials). 2
- 3. 3
- 4. 4
- 5. CHEMICAL ELECTROCHEMICAL THERMOCHEMICAL THERMOCOATING VAPOR DEPOSITION MECHANICAL 5
- 6. 6
- 7. CHEMICAL ELECTROCHEMICAL THERMOCOATING VAPOR DEPOSITION MECHANICAL 7 cold gas spraying (CGS) laser spraying (LS) molten-metal flame spraying Thermal spraying
- 8. Typical structure of a coating 8
- 9. 9
- 10. 10 - flame temperature: • acetylene/oxygen 3160 ºC; • propane/oxygen 2850 ºC; • hydrogen/oxygen 2660 ºC. - sprayed materials: • wire: metals and metal alloys; • powder: pure metals, alloys, oxides, cermets, composite powders.
- 11. 11 • temperature inside the arc: 6500 ºC; • voltage 18 – 40 V, current 50 – 150 A; • sprayed materials: electroconductive alloys, ceramics can be deposited, when using core wires.
- 12. 12 • plasma temperature: up to 30000 ºC. • virtually all existing materials.
- 13. 13 • Fe, Ni, Co, Cr based alloys, stainless steels, cermets
- 14. 14 • virtually all metal alloys, cermets and ceramics.
- 15. 15 • flame temperature: 4000 ºC.
- 16. 16 • gas temperature: 3000 ºC; • sprayed materials: virtually all existing materials, in practice mostly carbide/metal and carbide / self-fluxing alloy mixtures.
- 17. 17 • gas temperature: under the phase transition temperature; • sprayed materials: pure Al, Zn, Cu, Ni and babbites.
- 18. 18 ThermalEnergy Kinetic Energy WARCS PS FS HVOF CS Wirearc Spray Plasma Spray Flame Spray High velocity oxy fuel Cold Spray Melt or partially melt Solid
- 19. 19
- 20. Spray technology Velocity, m/s Porosity, % Adhesion, MPa Flame spraying • powder • wire 30 180 6 – 15 17 – 70 15 – 20 Arc spraying 240 2 – 8 40 Plasma spraying (different modifications) 240 – 1200 < (0,5 – 2) 20 – 70 Detonation gun spraying 910 < 1 ≥ 100 HVOF, HVAF 610 – 1500 < 0,5 62 – 83 Cold spraying 500 – 1200 1 – 3 30 – 100 20
- 21. Sprayed material Spraying technology Hardness, HV Chrome steel Flame spraying (wire) 500 – 600 PTA 800 – 850 NiAl alloy Flame spraying 200 – 250 Copper Flame spraying (powder) 150 Stellite Flame spraying (powder)/HVOF 460 – 770 PTA 290 – 590 MCrAlY Plasma spraying 400 Self-fluxing alloy (NiCrSiB) Flame spraying/HVOF 250 – 780 PTA 360 – 820 WC-Co Plasma spraying (powder)/HVOF 1100 – 1300 Al2O3 Plasma spraying 1800 – 2000 21
- 22. 22 HV0.3
- 23. 23 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 1 2 3 4 5 6 WeightLoss(mg) 7PSZ Al2O3 Cr2O3 22x 32x 21x APS HVOF APS HVOF APS HVOF
- 24. 24
- 25. 25
- 26. wear resistant coatings (pumps, compressors, camshafts, etc.) – except for cold spraying; corrosion resistant coatings (pipelines, building constructions, etc.); 26
- 27. temperature resistant and dielectrical coatings (gas turbines, flue tubes); antifriction coatings (sliding bearings); size restoration (shafts, bearings, etc.) 27
- 28. 28
- 29. 29
- 30. 30