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This document discusses nano crystalline materials and amorphous materials. It defines a nanocrystal as having at least one dimension less than 100nm. It describes techniques like ball milling that are used to produce metallic and ceramic nano materials. Ball milling involves grinding media that crush solids into nano crystallites. Amorphous solids lack a definite crystal structure and include materials like glass and plastic. The document discusses applications of nano materials like using nano shells for cancer therapy and concludes some materials can be produced as amorphous solids or metallic glasses.
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Silicone Biomaterial Recap
Enabled by the intrinsic properties of silicone materials…
… manifest in the aggregated properties of biocompatibility and biodurability,silicone in its 66 th year as a biomaterial
Silicone biomaterials can help enable further improvements in medical technology and care
Shape memory alloys
Shape memory alloys are metal alloys that can be deformed at one temperature but return to their original shape when heated or cooled. The most common alloys are nickel-titanium (Nitinol), copper-zinc-aluminum, and copper-aluminum-nickel. Nitinol was discovered in the 1960s and is now used widely in applications such as medical devices, aircraft, and household appliances. Shape memory alloys work through a solid state phase change between martensite and austenite phases - deforming occurs in the martensite phase while heating triggers shape recovery in the austenite phase. They provide advantages like biocompatibility and diverse applications but also
shape memory alloys
The document provides an overview of shape memory alloys, including their history, mechanisms, common types, manufacturing processes, applications, and properties. It discusses how shape memory alloys can remember and revert to their original shape through a phase change triggered by heat. Common shape memory alloys include nickel-titanium (Nitinol) and nickel-titanium-palladium alloys. The document also reviews the transformation temperatures and testing methods for these alloys. A wide range of applications are described, from medical devices to robotics to civil structures.
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Nanotechnology
the branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100 nanometres, especially the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules.
Nanotechnology in Engineering
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale, between 1 to 100 nanometers. It can be used to create new materials and devices with unique properties. Some common nanomaterials include carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanowires, and quantum dots. Nanotechnology has applications in engineering like improving the strength of materials, electronics by enabling smaller devices, medicine for targeted drug delivery, and more. However, there are also concerns about the health and environmental impacts of nanoparticles that need further research. The future prospects of nanotechnology include overcoming challenges like cost to enable widespread applications across many industries.
NANOscience.ppt
Nanotechnology involves science and engineering at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers. It is the study and manipulation of materials at the atomic and molecular levels, where properties differ from larger scales. Nanotechnology is used across many fields like chemistry, biology, physics, materials science and engineering. It has applications in food processing, cosmetics, electronics, biotechnology, agriculture, textile, defense, energy storage and medical areas like cancer treatment, bone repair and drug delivery.
TYPES OF NANOMATERIAL
This document discusses nanobiotechnology and the functionalization of enzymes. It describes various types of nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and dendrimers that can be used as matrices for enzyme immobilization. Methods of immobilizing enzymes on nanomaterials include electrostatic adsorption, covalent attachment, conjugation using protein affinity, and direct conjugation. Immobilizing enzymes provides benefits like increased stability but can introduce mass transfer limitations. Overall, nanomaterials provide a high surface area support for immobilizing enzymes with various applications.
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scale. It has various applications in fields like materials science, electronics, biomedicine and energy. Some key advantages of nanotechnology include creating stronger and lighter materials while disadvantages could include potential health risks. The future may see advances like disease cures, pollution cleanup and molecular manufacturing using nanorobotics. India is actively researching nanotechnology through initiatives like the Nano Science and Technology Mission.
Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.pptx
Here in this slide the Introduction of Nanoscience, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology is described. This slide is useful for MSc ,BSc, BTech , MTech (Nanotechnology), students.
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale. It has many potential applications in areas like medicine, electronics, materials and computing. Some key points:
- It allows precise engineering at the nanoscale of 1-100 nanometers. Tools like STMs and AFMs are used.
- Applications include carbon nanotubes for strong lightweight materials, quantum dots for displays, and nanobots potentially for drug delivery and environmental remediation.
- Challenges include potential health effects of nanoparticles and risks of military applications like self-replicating viruses or runaway nanobots. Both top-down and bottom-up assembly approaches are used in nanotechnology.
Synthesis Of Nanomaterials: Physical Methods
This document provides an introduction to nanotechnology and methods for synthesizing nanomaterials. It discusses that nanotechnology involves working at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers. Richard Feynman is considered the father of nanotechnology for his 1959 talk describing manipulating atoms and molecules. Common synthesis methods described include mechanical methods like ball milling and melt mixing, as well as physical vapor deposition techniques using evaporation, laser ablation, and ionized cluster beam deposition. The document outlines the advantages of nanotechnology in tuning material properties at small scales.
Nanotechnolgy
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology, including definitions, history, tools and techniques, materials, applications, and future possibilities. Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale (1-100 nanometers) and includes carbon nanotubes, nanorods, and potential future nanobots. It has a wide range of applications from drugs and fabrics to electronics, computers, and beyond. While nanotechnology promises benefits, potential pitfalls include health risks from nano-particles and potential military or replicating threats.
Nanotech copy-130304011722-phpapp02
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale. It has the potential for wide applications in areas like medicine, electronics, materials and more. Some key aspects covered in the document include a brief history of nanotechnology; tools used like atomic force microscopes; nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and nanorods; approaches like top-down and bottom-up manufacturing; and current and potential future applications in areas such as cancer treatment, fabrics, electronics and computers. Concerns regarding the pitfalls of nanotechnology are also discussed, such as potential health risks if nanoparticles enter the body.
ETC
This document discusses the topic of nanotechnology and its applications. It begins with an overview of nanotechnology, defining it as the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale (less than 100 nanometers). It then describes the two main approaches to nanotechnology - top-down and bottom-up. Several types of nanomaterials are discussed, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes. The document concludes by outlining several applications of nanotechnology, such as in sensors, medicine, environmental remediation, food science, and electronics.
Nanotechnology ppt
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology. It defines nanotechnology as the study and engineering of matter at the nanoscale, or atomic level. The document outlines the history of nanotechnology from its conception in 1959 to modern applications. Key tools used in nanotechnology like atomic force microscopes and carbon nanotubes are described. The document also discusses different approaches (top-down vs bottom-up), materials used, and applications of nanotechnology in areas like drugs, fabrics, electronics, and computers. It provides examples of how nanotechnology is enhancing performance in these domains.
Presentation.....mesam temar.pptx
This document provides an introduction and overview of nano biotechnology and nano science. It defines nanotechnology as the study and engineering of functional systems at the atomic scale, with a nanometer being approximately 3-4 atoms wide. The history of nanotechnology is traced back to 1959 with further key developments in 1981 and 1985. Examples of nano structures discussed include carbon nanotubes, nanorods, and theoretical nanobots. The document also outlines top-down and bottom-up approaches, examples of nano materials, and applications in areas like drug delivery, mobile devices, and biotechnology.
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The document discusses nanotechnology and provides information on key topics related to it. It defines nanotechnology as manipulating matter at the atomic scale between 1 to 100 nanometers. Some examples of sizes at the nanoscale include viruses, blood cells, and nanoparticles. The document then covers the history of nanotechnology and discoveries. It also defines different types of nanomaterials based on dimensions and provides examples. Characterization techniques for analyzing nanomaterials are outlined.
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology involves manipulating materials at the nanoscale, which is approximately 1 to 100 nanometers. The document discusses the history and definition of nanotechnology, provides examples of nanostructures and nanomaterials, and describes various types of nanoclay structures and their preparation. Nanocomposites are introduced as materials made of two or more components where at least one is a nanomaterial. The document outlines some key applications of nanotechnology in areas like materials, electronics, and healthcare.
Nanoelectronics
A presentation on Nano electronics and basic concepts revolving around it, that will influence the whole electronics industry by the next decade.
Nanotechnology by abhishek mahajan
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scale. It has many applications in fields like electronics, materials science, medicine, and more. Some key points:
- It allows engineering of functional systems at the nanometer scale (1-100 nm) which is around the size of atoms and molecules.
- Tools like atomic force microscopes and scanning tunneling microscopes enabled the study and engineering of matter at the nanoscale.
- Nanotechnology is used in areas like drug delivery, cancer treatment, stain-resistant and antibacterial fabrics, flexible electronics, solar cells, and more powerful computers.
- India has initiatives like the Nano Science and Technology Initiative and Nanoscience and Technology Mission
Nanotechnology by abhishek mahajan
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scale. It has various applications in fields like electronics, materials, medicine and more. Some key points:
1. It allows developing new materials and devices with improved properties by controlling structures at the nanoscale.
2. Tools like atomic force microscopes and scanning tunneling microscopes enabled research. Carbon nanotubes, nanorods and nanobots are examples of nanomaterials.
3. Applications include using silver nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes in fabrics and medicines, developing flexible electronics and improving computer chips.
NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCE MATERIALS.pptx
Introduction
History
Types of Nanomaterials
Properties of Nanomaterials
Synthesis and processing of Nanomaterials
Advance nanomaterials
Fullerenes
Carbon nanotubes
Nanowires
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Quantum dots
Nanotechnology
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology. It discusses the scale of nanometers and defines nanotechnology as technology that measures, manipulates or incorporates materials between 1-100 nm in size. Examples of applications of nanotechnology include improving products like sunscreen, golf clubs and clothing. The document also summarizes different aspects of nanotechnology including nanoelectronics, nanomagnetism and nanophotonics.
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Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.pptx
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Thermal spraying
This document discusses various surface coating methods used to improve wear and corrosion resistance of materials. It provides details on several coating techniques including thermal spraying methods like flame spraying, plasma spraying and HVOF. The key points are:
1) Different coating methods like thermal spraying, vapor deposition, mechanical cladding are used to improve surface properties.
2) Thermal spraying techniques like flame spraying, plasma spraying and HVOF are described in detail along with the coating materials, temperatures involved and applications.
3) Characteristics of different coatings like hardness, porosity and adhesion strength obtained from various spraying methods are summarized in tables for comparison.
Processing and application of al li alloys
This document discusses aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) alloys, including their composition, properties, processing, and applications. Key points include:
- Al-Li alloys contain up to 2.45% lithium by weight, reducing the density by up to 3% per 1% lithium.
- Common grades include 2195 and 2090, with 2195 used for cryogenic storage.
- Processing involves melting, casting, and mechanical working like rolling and extrusion, followed by heat treatments.
- Lithium enhances properties by displacing aluminum atoms, strain hardening the lattice, and precipitation hardening through Al3Li phases.
- Applications of Al-Li alloys
Spray coating
Thermal spray coatings are used to produce wear and corrosion resistant surfaces. The coating is applied by melting or softening material and propelling it in a high-velocity jet of heated gas onto a substrate. Different processes like wire spraying, powder spraying, detonation gun, and plasma spraying can be used to apply coatings of metals, cermets, ceramics, or polymers. The substrate must be prepared through abrasive blasting to achieve proper roughness for bonding of the coating. Thermal spray coatings provide good adhesion through mechanical bonding and are used for applications requiring wear resistance, corrosion protection, heat resistance, or insulation.
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Martensitic stainless steel
Martensitic stainless steels contain between 15-25% chromium and are characterized by their high hardness. They can achieve a hardness of up to 700 Brinell after quenching, which causes a diffusionless transformation that forms martensite crystals. Common applications include kitchen equipment, sinks, automotive components, and springs.
Corrosion failures
The document discusses various types of corrosion including uniform corrosion, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, galvanic corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, intergranular corrosion, dealloying, and erosion corrosion. It also examines factors that influence corrosion such as the nature of the metal, temperature, moisture, pH, and impurities in the environment. Finally, it reviews methods to control corrosion including material selection, coatings, cathodic protection, and design considerations.
Iron carbide-Fe3C
The iron-carbon phase diagram shows the equilibrium phases that exist at different temperatures for iron-carbon alloys. It includes three main phase transformations: the peritectic reaction where liquid transforms to austenite above 1400°C, the eutectic reaction where liquid transforms to austenite and cementite at 1130°C, and the eutectoid reaction where austenite transforms to ferrite and cementite at 723°C. The diagram is used to understand the microstructures that form during cooling of steels based on their carbon content, such as mixtures of ferrite and pearlite for eutectoid steels or ferrite/cementite for hypoeutect
thirunavukarasu
This document discusses several companies that develop biomaterials for biomedical applications. Zimmer designs, manufactures, and distributes orthopedic implants using materials like stainless steel, titanium, alumina, and hydroxyapatite. MATECH Biomedical Technologies develops biomaterials through chemical polymerization methods. Baxter International develops technologies related to blood and circulatory systems using materials like Dacron for vascular grafts. Polymer Technology Group synthesizes and manufactures new polymer products like poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyurethanes. The document also briefly mentions Howmedica/Stryker Orthopaedics, Molecular Geodesics Inc, and several other biomaterials companies.
thirunavukarasu hari, psg tech
This document discusses several companies that develop biomaterials for biomedical applications. Zimmer designs, manufactures, and distributes orthopedic implants using materials like stainless steel, titanium, alumina, and hydroxyapatite. MATECH Biomedical Technologies develops biomaterials through chemical polymerization methods. Baxter International develops technologies related to blood and circulatory systems using materials like Dacron for vascular grafts. Polymer Technology Group synthesizes and manufactures new polymer products like poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyurethanes. The document also briefly mentions Molecular Geodesics Inc, Howmedica/Stryker Orthopaedics, and several other biomaterials companies.
Thermography
This document discusses infrared thermography (IRT) for aircraft inspection. IRT uses an infrared camera to detect differences in surface temperature that can indicate defects. The basic IRT kit includes an IR camera, control panel, and software for image processing. Cameras are chosen based on sensitivity, frame rate, and detector type. Heating methods include hot air, lamps, and pulsed lasers to induce temperature differences. IRT is well-suited for composite inspection and can detect defects like delamination from one side of a part. Modulated thermography techniques like lock-in thermography improve defect contrast.
Continuous casting.PPT
Continuous casting was conceived in the 1860s and has since led to major improvements in efficiency, productivity, and cost reductions for metal production. The process involves cleaning and equalizing molten metal in a ladle before pouring it into a tundish where impurities are removed, then the metal travels through water cooled copper molds to begin solidifying as it moves downward along supported rollers. The key advantages are 100% casting yield due to no waste metal, an automatic and consistent process, and reproducible mechanical properties.
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The document discusses various heat treatment processes including annealing, normalizing, quenching, and martensitic transformation. It provides details on the purposes, methods, and applications of each process. Annealing involves heating and slow cooling to relieve stresses and modify properties. Normalizing heats above the transformation temperature and air cools to produce a fine grain structure. Quenching rapidly cools steel above the transformation temperature to form very hard martensite. Martensitic transformation is the formation of acicular needlelike structures during rapid cooling of austenite.
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crystal property
- 1. CONCEPT OF NANO CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS AND AMORPHOUS MATERIAL THIRUNAVUKARASU.H 13my12
- 2. Nano crystal • A nanocrystal is a crystalline nanoparticle. define it as any single crystalline nanomaterial with at least one dimension ≤ 100 nm
- 3. SIZE A meter is about the distance from the tip of your nose to the end of your hand (1 meter = 3.28 feet). Millimeter- One thousandth of meter.(10-3m) Micron: a micron is a millionth of a meter (or) one thousandth of millimeter (10-6m) Nanometer: A nanometer is one thousandth of a micron (10–9m) (or) a billionth of a meter. ie.,one billion nanometers in a meter.
- 4. Quantum well • It is a two dimensional system • The electron can move in two directions and restricted in one direction. Quantum Wire • It is a one-dimensional system • The electron can move in one direction and restricted in two directions. Quantum dot • It is a zero dimensional system • The electron movement was restricted in entire three dimensions
- 5. Quantum dot substrateSemiconduct or growth (single layer)
- 7. BALL MILLING • Ball milling is a method of production of nano materials. • This process is used in producing metallic and ceramic nano materials. • These mills are equipped with grinding media composed of wolfram carbide or steel. • Ball mills rotate around a horizontal axis ,partially filled with the material to be ground plus the grinding medium.
- 8. Ball mill
- 9. Process • The balls rotate with high energy inside a drum and then fall on the solid with gravity force and crush the solid into nano crystallites.
- 10. CONCLUSION • The significant advantage of this method is that it can be readily implemented commercially. • Ball milling can be used to make carbon nanotubes and boron nitride nanotubes. • It is a preferred method for preparing metal oxide nano crystals like Cerium(CeO2) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO).
- 11. TEM image of Au nanoparticles employed as seed http://www.technology-market.eu/profiles27/Profiles/04_ES_SEOT_0B6Y.html
- 12. Applications of Nano Materials • Nano shells as Cancer Therapy • Nano shells are injected into cancer area and they recognize cancer cells. Then by applying near-infrared light, the heat generated by the light-absorbing Nano shells has successfully killed tumor cells while leaving neighboring cells intact.
- 13. AMORPHOUS SOLID • amorphous solid, any noncrystalline solid in which the atoms and molecules are not organized in a definite lattice pattern. Such solids include glass, plastic, and gel.
- 14. AMORPHOUSCRYSTAL
- 15. Glass Transition Temperature, Tg At Tg, ~ 104 -106 Ns/m2 Below Tg, atomic rearrange- ments are frozen in. Rigid fluid “Moon rocks” were produced millions of years ago TM-melting point
- 16. Metallic Glasses
- 17. The Si/SiO2 interface is one of the most important structures technologically Note: Form MOS structure: Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor. Key element of MOSFET Metal Amorphous SiO2 - MOSFET