There are different types of spraying equipment used for vector control, including indoor residual spraying and space spray treatments. Common sprayers used for indoor residual spraying are stirrup pumps, hand-compression sprayers, and knapsack sprayers. Space spray treatments involve applying very fine aerosol droplets that remain airborne. Thermal fogging uses hot gas to vaporize insecticide solutions and form dense fog droplets, while cold fogging uses high-pressure nozzles to generate ultra-low-volume spray without heat. Various vehicles and equipment have been developed for both thermal and cold fogging applications.

1. PRINCIPLES OF SPRAYING AND SPRAYING EQUIPMENTS

2. RESIDUAL SPRAYING Most widely used method of vector control One of the most effective method for obtaining rapid large scale impact at an affordable cost Indoor residual spraying is mainly to reduce survival of vectors entering houses

3. RESIDUAL SPRAYING Use high volume of insecticides Used for routine anti adult and anti larval work Commonly used sprayers are: Stirrup pump Compression pump Knapsack sprayer

4. Space spray treatments A space spray – technically a fog Hundreds of millions of tiny droplets less than 50 µm in diameter are dispersed into the air Efficacy lasts till the droplets remain airborne. Space sprays are applied mainly as Thermal Fogs or Cold Fogs.

5. Space spray treatments Behaviour and biology of the target species Insecticides and formulations most suitable for space spraying Pesticide application technology Monitoring and surveillance to evaluate the efficacy of the programme.

6. Conventional sprayers High volume

7. STIRRUP PUMP

8. HAND-COMPRESSION SPRAYER

9. KNAPSACK SPRAYER

10. Technology High Volume INDOOR Different capacities 3.0 litre; 6.0 litre; 9.0 litre, 12.0 litre. Adjustable telescope lance from 0.6 to 1.2 m long. Two-stage system for filtration. Carrying belt of adjustable length, with an arm pad. New

11. High Volume Sprayers Knapsack Spraying Machine - Neptune 15 litre . NEPTUNE Two-range, remote controlled working pressure regulation system. Thermal insulation at the side of human back Manometer at the lance handle. Operate with right or left hand. Capacity scale on the tank.

12. 3 & 5 MT. TELESCOPIC LANCE Effective coverage upto 17 to 20 feet height from a standing position. One person alone can handle the full spraying operation, saving considerable amount of labour. Saves large amounts of insecticides, due to uniform coverage & low drift Easy to transport 3 feet lance when extended to 10 feet.

13. Rechargeable Backpack Sprayer Sprays up to 120 gallons on a single charge Variable–speed pump and adjustable nozzle allow for light to heavy–duty spraying. Ultra–comfortable, ergonomically designed tank has a full back pad and thickly padded shoulder harness.

14. FOGGING

15. Cold fog Cold fogs are formed by passing through High-pressure nozzles High-velocity vortex of air. Spray droplets are generated without any external heat. Volume of spray is minimum Ultra-low-volume insecticide formulations are commonly used for such applications.

16. Equipment for Cold Fog Application Hand-carried cold foggers Vehicle-mounted cold foggers Aircraft application of cold fogs

17. Cold Fog Advantages Lower application cost and increased acceptability Reduced operator exposure Environmental friendly Application is more efficient No traffic hazard as the fog is nearly invisible

18. Cold Fog Disadvantages Dispersal of the spray cloud is difficult to observe Higher technical skills and regular calibration are required for efficient operation of equipment.

19. Aspee bolo Mist Blower

20. Technology Cold Fogging INDOOR The HURRICANE ULTRA™ is ideal for use in spraying industrial and residential areas, farms, greenhouses, warehouses, animal care facilities and disease control programs. Insecticides Disinfectants Deodorizers Fungicides Odor Neutralizers Water (Humidification) Germicides Poultry Vaccines HURRICANE ULTRA New

21. Technology Cold Fogging INDOOR CYCLONE ULTRA The CYCLONE ULTRA™ utilizes a high-volume two stage blower to create billions of ULV size droplets per ounce. Formulation flow rate can be fully regulated using the precise metering valve.

22. Technology Cold Fogging INDOOR TORNADO The TORNADO™ fitted with an 18 inch (46 cm) flexible hose designed for spraying into normally inaccessible areas such as: under or between kitchen cabinets, under carpets and above ceilings, or through port holes.

23. Technology Cold Fogging OUTDOOR Dispenses WDP, EC with a non- flammable carrier at a rate of 45 LITERS per hour. Patented electric starting system--eliminates hand pumping. MISTER-III

24. Technology Cold Fogging OUTDOOR PARTICLE SIZE: Meets all currently available chemical spraying recommendations with 90% or more of droplets under 20 microns A DYNA-FOG Typhoon ULV is an effective way to control environmental pests and reduce insect borne diseases like encephalitis, dengue fever and malaria. TYPHOON I

25. Technology Cold Fogging OUTDOOR All formulation controls at operators hand Small frame size and adjustable padded shoulder and waist straps Single nozzle to produce a precise droplet size for optimum results. Minimal weight on operators hand TWISTER XL™

26. Nightstar ULV Automatic Unattended spraying Reduced labor costs Worker exposure to chemicals low Higher efficiency of chemical coverage

27. Solo 432 Fogmaster Jr

28. Thermal fog Oil-based Insecticide used Hot gas is used to vaporize insecticide solution Vapour hits colder air and condenses to form a dense white cloud of fog Most of the droplets are smaller than 20 µm. The hot emission gas is obtained from engine exhaust

29. Equipment for thermal fogging Hand-carried thermal foggers Vehicle-mounted thermal foggers Aircraft application of thermal fogs

30. Thermal Fog Advantages Easily visible fog so dispersal and penetration can be readily observed and monitored Good public relations as people can see something being done about the problem Low concentration of active ingredient in the spray mixture and reduced operator exposure.

31. Thermal Fog Disadvantages Bad odour and staining High cost of diluents and spray application Householders may object and obstruct penetration of fog into houses by closing windows and doors Fire risk from machinery operating at very high temperatures with flammable solvents Can cause traffic hazards in urban areas

32. HAND HELD FOGGING MACHINE

33. VEHICLE MOUNTED FOGGING MACHINE

36. SUPERHAWK Ideal choice for Mosquito Control and other Disease Control programs. Has the ability to produce large volumes of fog making it ideal for use in both local and remote areas. Can be started from a variety of battery sources. Patented fuel priming system eliminates need for pressurized fuel tank. 12 volt starting system ensures reliable starting even when battery power declines! New

37. Trailblazer Thermal Fogger Designed to dispense both water and oil based products Produces a high output thermal fog with virtually no carbon monoxide, making it ideal for indoor and outdoor applications.

38. BLACKHAWK The BLACKHAWK™ is designed for larger scale usage with maximum efficiency for handling petroleum-based products.

39. SILVER CLOUD Twin pulse-jet engines for prolonged life. Engine cut-off button at operators hand. Automatic cut-off of formulation pump in the event of engine failure. Small frame size to suit compact truck sizes. Can be secured to the bed of the truck. Powered from the 12v battery of the truck. Chemical resistant epoxy paint Remote control box

40. MODEL 1200 Enables fogging 3 times faster. Is capable of covering 12 acres in one minute (49000 square meters per minute). Completely remote controlled – starting, fogging, stopping. Saves man hours – truck time – faster coverage.

41. Neutralizer Electric Thermal Fogger Is a compact, stable, portable electric chemical fog applicator. An indicator light tells the operator the machine is ready to fog. An adjustable metering control button allows continuous fogging at the normal setting or fogging for a limited period at a very high output.

42. The engine uses 12 volt battery The best mounted truck spraying machine. Ability to produce precious droplet size …. Nearly 100% The most silent spraying machine . Dyna-Jet L30 Use s batter y power

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