The presentation covers various aspects of coating and deposition process in detail. The topics that are mainly covered in this PPT are
1) Type of Coating
2) Advantages and limitation for various coating process
3) Figures of various coating process
It is a near net shape process in which casting and forging is done in single step.
It is Referred by many names such as “squeeze casting” , “pressure infiltration”, “liquid metal forging”, “extrusion casting”, “liquid pressing'', “pressure crystallization”.
It is a near net shape process in which casting and forging is done in single step.
It is Referred by many names such as “squeeze casting” , “pressure infiltration”, “liquid metal forging”, “extrusion casting”, “liquid pressing'', “pressure crystallization”.
A brief knowledge about surface treatment, which is a process applied to the surface of a material to make it better in some way, for example by making it more resistant to corrosion or wear. Shot peening is a surface treatment in which small hard pellets are shot against the surface of a metal to make it more resistant to fatigue.
This project are for understanding the working, advantages and disadvantages of plasma arc welding, the viewers can also use it for their needful purpose.
A brief knowledge about surface treatment, which is a process applied to the surface of a material to make it better in some way, for example by making it more resistant to corrosion or wear. Shot peening is a surface treatment in which small hard pellets are shot against the surface of a metal to make it more resistant to fatigue.
This project are for understanding the working, advantages and disadvantages of plasma arc welding, the viewers can also use it for their needful purpose.
These processes are sometimes referred to as post-processing. They play a very important role in the appearance, function and life of the product. Broadly, these are processes that affect either a thin layer on the surface of the part itself, or add a thin layer on top of the surface of the part. There are different coating and surface treatments processes, with different applications, uses, etc. The important uses include:
• Improving the hardness
• Improving the wear resistance
• Controlling friction, Reduction of adhesion, improving the lubrication, etc.
• Improving corrosion resistance
• Improving aesthetics
9.1. Mechanical hardening of the surface
These methods apply mechanical impulses (e.g. light hammering) on the surface of a metallic part. This hammering action causes tiny amount of plastic flow on the surface, resulting in the work-hardening of the surface layer due to the introduction of compressive residual stresses. Examples of these processes include Shot peening (uses tiny balls of metal or ceramic), Water-jet peening (uses a jet of water at high pressures, e.g. 400 MPa), or Laser peening (surface is hit by tiny impulses from a laser) – an expensive process used to improve fatigue strength of jet fan blades and turbine impellers.
Another method is explosive hardening, where a layer of explosive coated on the surface is blasted – the resulting impact results in tremendous increase in the surface hardness. This method is used to harden the surface of train rails.
9.2. Case hardening
This is a very common process that is used to harden the outer surface of parts such as gear teeth, cams, shafts, bearings, fasteners, pins, tools, molds, dies etc. In most of these types of components, the use involves dynamic forces, occasional impacts, and constant friction. Therefore the surface needs to be hard to prevent wear, but the bulk of the part should be tough (not brittle); this is achieved best by case hardening. There are several types of case hardening: in most cases, the chemical structure of the metal is changed by diffusing atoms of an alternate element which results in alterations to the micro-structure on the crystals on the surface.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
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2. Definition
Coating is defined as the process in which
a “COAT” ( Layer of material) is applied
over the material to improve product utility.
A coating is a covering that is applied to the
surface of an object, usually referred to as the
substrate
3. Reasons for Coating/Plating
● Corrosive Protection
● Improve appearance
● Wear Resistance
● Increase electrical conductivity
● Give shiny appearance
● To provide an reflective surface (Glass)
● Fabrication of semiconductors
4.
5.
6. Types of Coating
Organic Coating :An organic coating is a type of coating whose primary ingredients are derived
from either vegetable or animal matter or from compounds rich in carbon. These coatings are
primarily used to provide additive type finishes on the materials on which they are applied.
Organic coatings can be monolithic (consisting of only one layer) or two or more layers
Organic coatings act as a protective barrier against corrosion and oxidation. These are
durable coatings applied to a substrate for their decorative or specific technical properties.
Organic coatings depend primarily on their chemical inertness and impermeability. Various
types of organic coatings are available for industrial purposes including primers, adhesive
cements and topcoats (enamel, varnish and paints).
Organic coatings are easy to apply with the help of brushes, sprays, rollers, dips, or by
electrostatic means. Brush application is a slow and lengthy procedure. The coating cures or
dries by evaporation or loss of solvent, polymerization and oxidation.
7. Inorganic Coating: Inorganic coatings can be produced by chemical action, with or without electrical
assistance. The treatments change the immediate surface layer of metal into a film of metallic oxide or
compound which has better corrosion resistance than the natural oxide film and provides an effective
base or key for supplementary protection such as paints. In some instances, these treatments can also
be a preparatory step prior to painting.
Anodizing Anodizing involves the electrolytic oxidation of a surface to produce a tightly adherent
oxide scale which is thicker than the naturally occurring film. Anodizing is an electrochemical process
during which aluminum is the anode. The electric current passing through an electrolyte converts the
metal surface to a durable aluminum oxide. The difference between plating and anodizing is that the
oxide coating is integral with the metal substrate as opposed to being a metallic coating deposition.
The oxidized surface is hard and abrasion resistant, and it provides some degree of corrosion
resistance.
Chromate filming A number of proprietary chromate filming treatments are available for aluminum,
magnesium, cadmium and zinc alloys. The treatments usually involve short time immersion in
strongly acid chromate solutions, but spraying or application by brushing or swabbing can also be used
for touch-up of parts
8. Metallic Coating
Metallic coatings contain a metallic element or alloy. Metallic coatings can be applied by using a sprayer,
electrochemically, chemically or mechanically. These coatings are applied on equipment requiring a shiny or
glossy appearance and protection from sunlight, corrosion and oxidation
● Hot dip galvanizing – A process of coating iron, steel or ferrous materials with a layer of zinc. This
done by passing the metal through molten zinc at a temperature of 860°F (460°C) to form zinc
carbonate (ZnCO3
). Zinc carbonate is a strong material that protects steel and can prevent corrosion
in many circumstances.
● Thermal spraying – A group of coating processes in which finely divided metallic coating materials are
deposited in a molten or semi-molten condition to form a coating. The coating material may be in the
form of powder, ceramic rod, wire or molten materials.
● Electroplating – A process of coating a metal with a thin layer of another metal by electrolysis to
improve the metal's corrosion resistance.
● Sherardizing – The formation of a corrosion-resistant, zinc-iron alloy coating on the surface of steel or
iron. The method involves heating the object in an airtight container that has zinc powder. A thermal
diffusion process occurs and the zinc diffuses into the object’s metal surface, forming the zinc-iron
alloy.
9. Conversion Coating
Conversion coating is a type of coating used on metals in which the
surface that is covered is turned into a coating with electrochemical or
chemical processes.
In addition to corrosion protection, conversion coating also offers
enhanced surface hardness. It also can be used as a decorative primer.
Some of the best examples of this coating type include phosphate and
chromate coatings as well as black oxide. It is normally applied on alloys
like aluminum through chromate conversion or anodizing
10. Precoated Metals Coating
In precoated metals, the metals that are taken for production are coated at initial stages as compared to
conventional production method, in which the metal are coated after the production process. The main
advantages of the pre coated metals are as follows:
Beauty:
Architects, manufacturers and consumers appreciate the beauty and benefits of coil-coated metal, including consistent quality, low cost, design flexibility
and green properties
Durability:
Pre-painted metal products are amazingly durable. With the appropriate surface treatments, pre-painted steel and aluminum can be made virtually
waterproof and weatherproof
Innovation:
Manufacturers of the most advanced green building materials and renewable energy products rely on coil coating technology.
Environment:
The coil coating process itself is considered the most environmentally responsible way to apply paint to steel and aluminum substrate
Cost:
The coil coating process is widely known to be the most efficient, effective and environmentally friendly way to pre-clean, pre-treat, pre-prime and
pre-paint metal
11. Electroplating
1. Definition : Electroplating is process in which an layer of coat is adherent to metal with the help of
electrochemical process
2. The cathode is the workpiece and the anode is the metal
3. The process is controlled by electrical current
4. The workpiece is chemically cleaned before the process
https://youtu.be/t7LSLKvwa5Y
12.
13. Working Principle:
Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis
1) The mass of the substance released is proportional to the quality of the electricity passed through the
cell
2) The mass of the materials liberated is proportional to the electrochemical equivalent.
14.
15. Advantages:
1. Helps to protect metal against corrosion
2. Method can be applied to any metal
3. This method is based upon electrical energy that is available
4. Can be effectively used for precious metals such as gold, silver and platinum
Disadvantages:
1. Pollution emitted through chemical
2. Non-uniform plating due to changing current
3. The set up is costly
Application:
1. Making of Jewellery
2. Chromium Plating in decorative items
3. Improving wear resistance of mechanical components
4. Plating of electrical circuits
16. Electroforming
Electroforming is a metal forming process that forms parts through electrodeposition on a model, known in the industry as
a mandrel.
Conductive (metallic) mandrels are passivated (chemically) to preclude 'plating' and thereby to allow subsequent separation
of the finished electroform.
Non-conductive (glass, silicon, plastic) mandrels require the deposition of a conductive layer prior to electrodeposition.
https://youtu.be/t7LSLKvwa5Y
19. Advantages:
1. High Dimensional accuracy
2. High Surface finish
3. Part of any thickness can be produced
4. Special physical/metallurgical properties can be achieved
5. Wide variety of shapes can be produced
Limitation
1. Rate of production is low
2. Not an economical method of production
3. Process is limited to thin products
4. Limited to certain metal
Application
1. Fine moulds and Dies
2. CDs
3. Jewellery
20. Electroless Plating
Electroless plating, also known as autocatalytic plating, or conversion coating, is a way of plating your part
without using an external power source.
Metal ion +Reducing agent Metal Oxidized product
The process involves placing the part in an aqueous solution and depositing nickel, creating a catalytic reduction
of nickel ions to plate the part without any electrical energy dispersal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhbjQFhZ1bE
21.
22. Advantages :
1. Uniform deposition
2. High Corrosion resistance
3. Does not require electricity
4. Low cost
5. Can also work on insulators such as plastics and ceramics
Disadvantages:
1. Pollution
2. hydrogen embrittlement ( Leakage of Hydrogen gas and diffusion into surface) due to which
brittleness may increase
Application
1. To make mould and Die
2. To make parts of food processing industry
3. To make turbine blade
23. Hot Dipping Process
Hot-dip galvanization is a form of galvanization. It is the process of coating iron and steel with zinc, which
alloys with the surface of the base metal when immersing the metal in a bath of molten zinc at a
temperature of around 449 °C (840 °F)
24. A typical hot-dip galvanizing line operates as follows:
● Steel is cleaned using a caustic solution. This removes oil/grease, dirt, and paint.
● The caustic cleaning solution is rinsed off.
● The steel is pickled in an acidic solution to remove mill scale.
● The pickling solution is rinsed off.
● A flux, often zinc ammonium chloride is applied to the steel to inhibit oxidation of the cleaned surface
upon exposure to air. The flux is allowed to dry on the steel and aids in the process of the liquid zinc
wetting and adhering to the steel.
● The steel is dipped into the molten zinc bath and held there until the temperature of the steel
equilibrates with that of the bath.
● The steel is cooled in a quench tank to reduce its temperature and inhibit undesirable reactions of the
newly formed coating with the atmosphere
25.
26. Advantages:
1. Provides Non-toxic corrosive resistance
2. Low cost
3. Surface Harding
Disadvantages:
1. Limited product size
2. Risk of distortion due to high temperature
27. Physical Vapour Deposition
Physical Vapour deposition is the process in which a material is converted to its vapour phase in vaccum
chamber and condensed onto substrate as a very thin film.
It can be applied to wide range of materials. The process is divided into three stepts
● Synthesis of vapour
● Vapour Transport
● Condensation