this ppt is useful for understanding the concept of heat treatment process in steel.
it gives the idea about the various stages of heat treatment process in details
Introduction to Physical Metallurgy Lecture NotesFellowBuddy.com
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
this ppt is useful for understanding the concept of heat treatment process in steel.
it gives the idea about the various stages of heat treatment process in details
Introduction to Physical Metallurgy Lecture NotesFellowBuddy.com
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
Classification of Tool Materials.
For More Details
Subscribe to My YOUTUBE CHANNEL
Engineering Study Materials : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8vigo0VxccfcGnmJnf-ESA
Steel and its alloys , Nickel alloys , super alloys.KrishnaMundada4
This presentation contains :
1.steel and its alloys.
2.effect of addition of different elements in alloys.
3.Nickel alloys
4.Super alloys
5.Applications
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. TOOL STEEL are high quality steels made to controlled
chemical composition and processed to develop properties
useful for working and shaping of other materials.
The Carbon content in them is between 0.1 -1.6% . Tool
steel also contain alloying elements
like, Chromium, Molybdenum and Vanadium.
Tool steel offers better durability, strength, corrosion
resistance and temperature stability, as compared to the
Construction & Engg. Steel.
These are used in applications such as Blanking, die
forging, forming, extrusion and plastic molding etc..
6. SHOCK-RESISTING TOOL STEELS
Carbon content = 0.5-0.6%. Alloying elements – Cr, W , Mo.
These are characterized by good toughness, hardness and
improved hardenability. These steels are generally, water or oil-
hardened.
“Low temperature Tempering” is carried out where, toughness
and hardness of the tool steel are of prime
importance, otherwise “High temperature Tempering” is
preferred.
Silicon-manganese steels (0.55% C, 2.0% Si, 1.0 % Mn) are
included in this group. Due to their high Si-
content, decarburization and grain coarsening takes place in
these type of steels.
7. HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURE (in general) :-
Annealing : Slow & uniform heating in the range of 790-
800°C followed by furnace cooling at rate of 8-15°C/hr.
Stress relieving : Heat to 650- 675°C and furnace cooling.
Hardening :
Preheating – warming to about 650°C & holding for 20
minutes/ 25mm.
Austenitizing – heating to 900-950°C & holding again for
20minutes/25mm.
Tempering : Heating to 205-650°C, holding for 30
minutes/25mm and then, air cooling.
10. HOT-WORKED TOOL STEELS
Carbon content = 0.3-0.5% . These steels are used for high
temperature metal forming operation (except cutting), where
the temperature is around 200-800°C.
These are characterized by high hot yield strength, high red
hardness , wear resistance, toughness, erosion resistance,
resistance to softening at elevated temperatures, good
thermal conductivity
These are divided into 3 groups depending on the principle
alloying elements:
Chromium based [H11- H19]
Tungsten based [H20- H26]
Molybdenum based [H41- H43]
11. Chromium Based
Contains Chromium (>=3.25%), and small amounts of
Vanadium, Tungsten and Molybdenum.
These are characterized by high red hardness & high
hardenability.
Oil quenching is reqd. when dimensional stability is not of
prime importance. Tempering temperature for these steels
varies from 550-675°C.
Applications:
Hot dies for extrusion, forging, mandrels, punches.
Highly stressed structural parts of supersonic aircrafts.
Hot work steels.
12.
13. Tungsten Based
Contains tungsten (=9.00%) & Chromium (2.0 -12.0%), and
low Carbon %.
These are characterized by resistance to high temperature
softening.
Tempering temperature for these steels varies from 550-
675°C.
Applications:
Punches .
Mandrels .
Extrusion dies for Brass, Steel & Nickel alloys.
14.
15. Molybdenum Based
Contains Molybdenum (8.00%) & Chromium (4.0 -
12.0%), and some tungsten and Vanadium.
These are characterized by high toughness & high heat check
resistance.
Tempering temperature for these steels varies from 550-
650°C.
16.
17.
18. COLD-WORKED TOOL STEELS
These steels are used for making tools for cold work
applications, when the tool surface temperature does not rise
more than 200°c.
These are characterized by high abrasion & wear
resistance, higher toughness and high impact resistance.
These steels are also called “Non- distorting Steels”, as they
show little change in dimension during heat treatment.
These are divided into 3 groups:
Oil hardening Steels [GRADE ‘O’]
Air hardening Steels [GRADE ‘A’]
High Carbon, High Chromium Steels [GRADE ‘D’]
19. Oil- hardening Steels
These are hardened by oil-quenching & contain high carbon
with manganese, chromium & molybdenum.
These are characterized by high machinability, wear
resistance & non-distorting properties.
Tempering temperature for these steels varies from 100-
425°C.
Applications:
Taps .
Blanking & forging dies.
Threading dies.
Expansion reamers.
20.
21. Air- hardening Steels
These are hardened by air-quenching and contain Carbon
(1.0%) with manganese, chromium & molybdenum &
tungsten.
These are characterized by high wear resistance & high
hardenability, fair red hardness, good toughness & resistance
to decarburization.
Tempering temperature for these steels varies from 150-
425°C.
Applications:
Knives .
Blanking & trimming dies.
Coining dies.
22.
23. High carbon, high Chromium Steels
These are hardened by oil- or air- hardening & contain
Carbon (1.4-2.3%) & Chromium (12-14%), with molybdenum,
cobalt, vanadium.
Vanadium prevents these steels form showing Grain
coarsening (upto 1040°C). Chromium imparts non-deforming
properties. Tempering of these steels results in high hardness,
wear & abrasion resistance.
Tempering temperature for these steels varies from 150-
375°C.
Applications:
Mandrel for tube rolling by Pilger rolls .
Blanking & piercing dies, Coining dies, Drawing dies.
24.
25.
26. HIGH SPEED TOOL STEELS
These are high alloyed tool steels developed initially to do
high speed metal cutting. Now, they used in a wide variety of
machining operations.
These are characterized by high hardness (60-65 HRC at 600-
650°C), high red hardness, wear resistance, reasonable
toughness and good hardenability.
They contain 0.6 % carbon, 4% Chromium, 5-12% Cobalt.
Carbon imparts hardness of at-least 60 HRC of martensite
formed. Chromium increase hardenability & corrosion
resistance. Cobalt increases the thermal conductivity, melting
point, red hardness & wear resistance of high speed steels.
27. These are divided into two groups depending upon the
principal alloying elements & the composition:
Molybdenum High speed steel [GRADE ‘M’]
(contain Molybdenum, Tungsten, Chromium, Vanadium &
sometimes cobalt).
Tungsten High Speed steels [GRADE ‘T’]
(contain high amount of tungsten with chromium, vanadium and
some cobalt.)
Applications :
End mills, drills, lathe tools, planar tools.
Punches, reamers,
Routers, taps, saws.
Broaches, chasers, and hobs.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32. WATER-HARDENED TOOL STEELS
These steels contain carbon in the range of 0.9-1.0% along
with Cr, V, Mo.
These are characterized by high tensile strength & hardness
levels but low ductility & toughness values.
In order to improve machinability, these steels are given
“Spheroidizing annealing treatment”.
Presence of Cr improves both hardness & hardenability and
Vanadium checks the tendency of grain coarsening.
Tempering temperatures are in the range 170-220°C.
33.
34. Applications :
Heavy forging hammers, hand hammers.
Forging dies, bending dies, cutting dies.
Large blanking tools, boring tools.
Chisels, scissors, knife blades.
Milling cutters, lathe centre.
Watch maker’s tools.
Engraving tools.
