This document discusses various piping materials used in modular fabrication yards. It covers the classification of materials into metals and non-metals and describes their selection based on mechanical and metallurgical properties. Specific details are provided about carbon steels, alloy steels, stainless steels, and corrosion. Standards for material naming conventions from ASTM and ASME are also outlined.
Stainless steels contain 10.5-30% chromium which forms a passive oxide layer protecting the steel from corrosion. Common types include martensitic, ferritic, austenitic, and duplex stainless steels. Martensitic stainless steels can be hardened through heat treatment while ferritic stainless steels have higher ductility and corrosion resistance. Duplex stainless steels have a mixed austenite and ferrite structure providing high strength and pitting/stress corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steels have excellent ductility and toughness down to cryogenic temperatures and are widely used in chemical plants and food processing. Proper welding techniques are required to prevent issues like sensitization, hot cracking, and sigma
This document discusses corrosion control through material selection and protective coatings. It describes various metallic and nonmetallic materials suitable for different corrosive environments. Stainless steels are discussed in detail, outlining their alloying elements of chromium, nickel, and carbon and how they contribute to corrosion resistance. Stress corrosion cracking of stainless steel is also summarized, describing the three conditions required and models of cracking. The document concludes with discussing design considerations and protective coatings to control corrosion.
Engineering materials and metallurgy -Ferrous and Non Ferrous metals 1.pptxravikumark42
Alloy steels are developed to overcome the deficiencies of plain carbon steels such as limited strength, hardening depth, and impact resistance. The principal alloying elements used in alloy steels include manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, cobalt, silicon, boron, copper, titanium, and niobium. Alloying elements are added to improve properties such as strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, and high temperature strength. Common types of alloy steels include high strength low alloy steels, tool steels, stainless steels, and maraging steels.
Alloy steels contain alloying elements added to carbon steel to improve properties. Low alloy steels contain up to 8% alloying elements while high alloy steels contain more than 8%. Alloying elements like manganese, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum increase strength and hardness. Tool steels are specially formulated carbon and alloy steels selected for hardness, heat resistance, and ability to hold an edge at high temperatures. Common types include water hardening W grades, and cold working grades O and A which can be oil or air hardened respectively.
MSM-5 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Alloy .s.pptxhappycocoman
The document discusses various ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, including their compositions, properties, and applications. It describes plain carbon steels and how alloying elements can alter their properties. Various alloy steels are covered, including stainless steels, high speed steels, maraging steels, and free machining steels. The effects of different alloying elements on steels are also summarized. Non-ferrous alloys discussed include brasses, bronzes, and aluminum-copper alloys.
Unit-II Charateristic and types of Metals.pdfDawitGemechu1
The document discusses various types of metals including ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It describes different types of steels such as low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel and tool steel. It discusses the properties and applications of these steels. It also discusses cast irons such as grey cast iron, nodular cast iron and malleable cast iron. The document further describes non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium, copper and its alloys such as brass and bronze.
Stainless steels contain 10.5-30% chromium which forms a passive oxide layer protecting the steel from corrosion. Common types include martensitic, ferritic, austenitic, and duplex stainless steels. Martensitic stainless steels can be hardened through heat treatment while ferritic stainless steels have higher ductility and corrosion resistance. Duplex stainless steels have a mixed austenite and ferrite structure providing high strength and pitting/stress corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steels have excellent ductility and toughness down to cryogenic temperatures and are widely used in chemical plants and food processing. Proper welding techniques are required to prevent issues like sensitization, hot cracking, and sigma
This document discusses corrosion control through material selection and protective coatings. It describes various metallic and nonmetallic materials suitable for different corrosive environments. Stainless steels are discussed in detail, outlining their alloying elements of chromium, nickel, and carbon and how they contribute to corrosion resistance. Stress corrosion cracking of stainless steel is also summarized, describing the three conditions required and models of cracking. The document concludes with discussing design considerations and protective coatings to control corrosion.
Engineering materials and metallurgy -Ferrous and Non Ferrous metals 1.pptxravikumark42
Alloy steels are developed to overcome the deficiencies of plain carbon steels such as limited strength, hardening depth, and impact resistance. The principal alloying elements used in alloy steels include manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, cobalt, silicon, boron, copper, titanium, and niobium. Alloying elements are added to improve properties such as strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, and high temperature strength. Common types of alloy steels include high strength low alloy steels, tool steels, stainless steels, and maraging steels.
Alloy steels contain alloying elements added to carbon steel to improve properties. Low alloy steels contain up to 8% alloying elements while high alloy steels contain more than 8%. Alloying elements like manganese, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum increase strength and hardness. Tool steels are specially formulated carbon and alloy steels selected for hardness, heat resistance, and ability to hold an edge at high temperatures. Common types include water hardening W grades, and cold working grades O and A which can be oil or air hardened respectively.
MSM-5 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Alloy .s.pptxhappycocoman
The document discusses various ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, including their compositions, properties, and applications. It describes plain carbon steels and how alloying elements can alter their properties. Various alloy steels are covered, including stainless steels, high speed steels, maraging steels, and free machining steels. The effects of different alloying elements on steels are also summarized. Non-ferrous alloys discussed include brasses, bronzes, and aluminum-copper alloys.
Unit-II Charateristic and types of Metals.pdfDawitGemechu1
The document discusses various types of metals including ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It describes different types of steels such as low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel and tool steel. It discusses the properties and applications of these steels. It also discusses cast irons such as grey cast iron, nodular cast iron and malleable cast iron. The document further describes non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium, copper and its alloys such as brass and bronze.
The document summarizes information about steel, including its composition, production processes, classifications, properties, and identification systems. It discusses the various types of carbon steels and alloy steels, as well as tool steels, stainless steels, and provides information on steel alloying ingredients and their effects. It also outlines classification systems for steels such as AISI-SAE steel designation.
wrought metal alloys and base metal alloys BY DR KAUSHIK KUMAR PANDEYkaushik05
This document discusses wrought base metal alloys used in dentistry, focusing on stainless steel alloys. It describes how cold working increases the strength of metals by creating dislocations within their crystal structure. Stainless steel alloys contain chromium, which forms a protective oxide layer, and may also contain nickel, carbon, and stabilizing elements. The three main types - ferritic, austenitic, and martensitic - are distinguished by their crystal structure and properties. Sensitization can reduce corrosion resistance and is avoided through composition control and stabilization.
عرض تقديمي من Microsoft PowerPoint جديد (2).pptxssuser26e605
1. Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, and can be classified as low, medium, or high carbon steel based on carbon content. Medium carbon steel contains 0.3-0.7% carbon.
2. Alloying steel adds additional elements like chromium, nickel, molybdenum to improve properties such as strength, corrosion resistance, and hardenability. Common alloying elements and their effects are described.
3. The three main types of stainless steel - austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic - are distinguished based on their microstructure and typical compositions. Austenitic stainless steel has the highest corrosion resistance.
This document discusses the classification and properties of materials, with a focus on steels and the effect of alloying elements. It classifies materials as metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. It describes the major groups of engineering materials and classifies ferrous metals. The document discusses allotypic changes in iron, the Fe-C phase diagram, phases present, and the effect of alloying elements like C, Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn, Si, S, P, Cu and others on the diagram and properties of steel. It also summarizes various alloy steels like spring steel, stainless steel, tool steel, valve steel and heat resistant steels.
This document provides an overview of stainless steel alloys used in orthodontics. It discusses the history of stainless steel development, the iron-carbon system that forms the basis for steel, and the three main types of stainless steel (ferritic, martensitic, and austenitic). Austenitic stainless steel is most commonly used due to its high corrosion resistance. The document also covers alloy compositions, properties, heat treatments, welding/soldering techniques, corrosion resistance, and special alloy types like duplex and precipitation-hardening stainless steels.
The document discusses different types of metals and materials used in engineering, including ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It describes various steel alloys such as carbon steels, alloy steels, and stainless steels. Carbon steels are classified based on their carbon content as low, medium, or high carbon steels. Alloying elements are added to steels to improve properties like strength, corrosion resistance, and workability. Stainless steels contain chromium to increase corrosion resistance and are divided into ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, and duplex classes. The document also reviews steel designation systems used in standards like AISI, ASTM, and DIN.
Stainless steel and ortho archwires sunandaSunanda Paul
The document discusses stainless steel and orthodontic wires. It provides information on the history, properties, and applications of stainless steel and its use in orthodontics. Specifically, it outlines the different types of stainless steel based on their crystal structure and composition, including ferritic, martensitic, and austenitic stainless steels. It also discusses properties of orthodontic wires like stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, and nickel titanium alloy wires.
Lecture 1.1 metals and it’s alloys. their crystalline structure and propertiesbravetiger1964
This document provides an overview of metals and alloys, their crystalline structures, and properties. It begins with objectives of analyzing common engineering alloys, explaining the influence of crystalline structure and grains on properties, and familiarizing with steel classification codes. Different classes of metals and alloys are defined, including ferrous, nonferrous, and various alloy types. The crystalline structures of pure metals and alloys are described. Various mechanical, physical and technological properties are defined and typical values provided. Procedures for identifying metals, determining properties through tests, and classifying steels are outlined. Examples of alloy applications and steel grade selection are also given.
This document discusses stainless steel and its use in orthodontics. It provides details on the history and discovery of stainless steel. It describes the different types of stainless steel including their compositions and properties. Austenitic stainless steel such as 304 is commonly used due its corrosion resistance and ductility. The document discusses factors such as cold working, heat treatment, and sensitization that can impact the properties of stainless steel for orthodontic applications.
Material Science and Engineering
Ferrous Materials
Classification of Steel
Low carbon steel
Medium Carbon steel
High carbon steel
Structural steel
stainless steel
Applications
This document discusses various ferrous materials including steels and cast irons. It describes the classification, properties and applications of different types of steels such as plain-carbon steels, mild steel, high-carbon steel, alloy steels, tool steels and stainless steels. It also discusses the effects of common alloying elements added to steel like manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and titanium.
This document discusses different types of steels and their manufacturing processes. It begins by classifying engineering materials and discussing ferrous metals like steels. It then defines different types of steels based on carbon content, including plain carbon steels and alloy steels. The document outlines the classification of plain carbon steels and describes common manufacturing processes like Bessemer, open hearth, electric arc furnace. It also discusses stainless steels, their composition diagrams and production methods. World steel production statistics are presented along with microstructure diagrams of plain carbon steels and the iron-carbon phase diagram.
This document discusses the classification of steels based on their carbon content and alloying elements. It describes low carbon steels as containing less than 0.25% carbon, being tough, malleable, and ductile. Medium carbon steels range from 0.25 to 0.6% carbon and can be heat treated to increase strength. High carbon steels contain more than 0.6% carbon. Alloying elements like manganese, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum are discussed and their effects on properties such as strength, hardness, toughness, and corrosion resistance. Common applications of different steel types are also mentioned.
This document discusses wrought metal alloys, including their definition, uses, and properties. It defines wrought alloys as metals that have been cold worked to change their shape and properties. Various wrought alloys are discussed, including stainless steel, cobalt-chromium-nickel alloys, nickel-titanium alloys, and beta-titanium alloys. The effects of annealing and cold working on wrought alloys are also summarized. The document concludes that the appropriate use of alloy types enhances treatment and provides optimal results.
This document discusses various alloying elements that are added to steel to improve its properties. It explains that alloying elements like manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium can increase properties like hardenability, strength, toughness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance in steel. It provides details on how different alloying elements affect the microstructure and properties of steel, including forming solid solutions, changing phase transformation temperatures, and modifying carbon solubility. Examples of various alloy steels are also summarized, such as stainless steel, tool steel, and high speed steel.
The document discusses various industrial and fertilizer materials. It covers the classification and properties of ferrous metals including carbon steel, alloy steels, cast iron and stainless steels. It describes the composition, mechanical properties and common uses of different grades of these materials. Specific grades used in fertilizer plants are also mentioned including Cr-Mo steels, austenitic stainless steels, and duplex stainless steels used in urea services and reactors.
This document provides an overview of various engineering materials including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. It discusses several categories of ferrous alloys such as cast irons, carbon/low alloy steels, tool steels, and maraging steels. It also summarizes nonferrous alloys including aluminum alloys, and provides examples of applications for different material types and alloys.
Baja terdiri dari unsur-unsur paduan yang memerikan sifat-sifat yang berbeda dari setiap unsurnya. Berikut daftar dari unsur-unsur pembentuk baja beserta fungsi-fungsinya.
This document provides an overview of steels, including their classification, composition, microstructure, and properties. Steels are classified based on their carbon content as low carbon (<0.3% C), medium carbon (0.3-0.6% C), high carbon (0.6-1.0% C), or ultra high carbon (1.25-2.0% C) steels. Low alloy steels contain up to 2% alloying elements. High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels contain small amounts of alloying elements like niobium, vanadium, and titanium to strengthen the steel. Heat treatments like carburizing can further modify the microstructure and properties. A
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
The document summarizes information about steel, including its composition, production processes, classifications, properties, and identification systems. It discusses the various types of carbon steels and alloy steels, as well as tool steels, stainless steels, and provides information on steel alloying ingredients and their effects. It also outlines classification systems for steels such as AISI-SAE steel designation.
wrought metal alloys and base metal alloys BY DR KAUSHIK KUMAR PANDEYkaushik05
This document discusses wrought base metal alloys used in dentistry, focusing on stainless steel alloys. It describes how cold working increases the strength of metals by creating dislocations within their crystal structure. Stainless steel alloys contain chromium, which forms a protective oxide layer, and may also contain nickel, carbon, and stabilizing elements. The three main types - ferritic, austenitic, and martensitic - are distinguished by their crystal structure and properties. Sensitization can reduce corrosion resistance and is avoided through composition control and stabilization.
عرض تقديمي من Microsoft PowerPoint جديد (2).pptxssuser26e605
1. Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, and can be classified as low, medium, or high carbon steel based on carbon content. Medium carbon steel contains 0.3-0.7% carbon.
2. Alloying steel adds additional elements like chromium, nickel, molybdenum to improve properties such as strength, corrosion resistance, and hardenability. Common alloying elements and their effects are described.
3. The three main types of stainless steel - austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic - are distinguished based on their microstructure and typical compositions. Austenitic stainless steel has the highest corrosion resistance.
This document discusses the classification and properties of materials, with a focus on steels and the effect of alloying elements. It classifies materials as metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. It describes the major groups of engineering materials and classifies ferrous metals. The document discusses allotypic changes in iron, the Fe-C phase diagram, phases present, and the effect of alloying elements like C, Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn, Si, S, P, Cu and others on the diagram and properties of steel. It also summarizes various alloy steels like spring steel, stainless steel, tool steel, valve steel and heat resistant steels.
This document provides an overview of stainless steel alloys used in orthodontics. It discusses the history of stainless steel development, the iron-carbon system that forms the basis for steel, and the three main types of stainless steel (ferritic, martensitic, and austenitic). Austenitic stainless steel is most commonly used due to its high corrosion resistance. The document also covers alloy compositions, properties, heat treatments, welding/soldering techniques, corrosion resistance, and special alloy types like duplex and precipitation-hardening stainless steels.
The document discusses different types of metals and materials used in engineering, including ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It describes various steel alloys such as carbon steels, alloy steels, and stainless steels. Carbon steels are classified based on their carbon content as low, medium, or high carbon steels. Alloying elements are added to steels to improve properties like strength, corrosion resistance, and workability. Stainless steels contain chromium to increase corrosion resistance and are divided into ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, and duplex classes. The document also reviews steel designation systems used in standards like AISI, ASTM, and DIN.
Stainless steel and ortho archwires sunandaSunanda Paul
The document discusses stainless steel and orthodontic wires. It provides information on the history, properties, and applications of stainless steel and its use in orthodontics. Specifically, it outlines the different types of stainless steel based on their crystal structure and composition, including ferritic, martensitic, and austenitic stainless steels. It also discusses properties of orthodontic wires like stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, and nickel titanium alloy wires.
Lecture 1.1 metals and it’s alloys. their crystalline structure and propertiesbravetiger1964
This document provides an overview of metals and alloys, their crystalline structures, and properties. It begins with objectives of analyzing common engineering alloys, explaining the influence of crystalline structure and grains on properties, and familiarizing with steel classification codes. Different classes of metals and alloys are defined, including ferrous, nonferrous, and various alloy types. The crystalline structures of pure metals and alloys are described. Various mechanical, physical and technological properties are defined and typical values provided. Procedures for identifying metals, determining properties through tests, and classifying steels are outlined. Examples of alloy applications and steel grade selection are also given.
This document discusses stainless steel and its use in orthodontics. It provides details on the history and discovery of stainless steel. It describes the different types of stainless steel including their compositions and properties. Austenitic stainless steel such as 304 is commonly used due its corrosion resistance and ductility. The document discusses factors such as cold working, heat treatment, and sensitization that can impact the properties of stainless steel for orthodontic applications.
Material Science and Engineering
Ferrous Materials
Classification of Steel
Low carbon steel
Medium Carbon steel
High carbon steel
Structural steel
stainless steel
Applications
This document discusses various ferrous materials including steels and cast irons. It describes the classification, properties and applications of different types of steels such as plain-carbon steels, mild steel, high-carbon steel, alloy steels, tool steels and stainless steels. It also discusses the effects of common alloying elements added to steel like manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and titanium.
This document discusses different types of steels and their manufacturing processes. It begins by classifying engineering materials and discussing ferrous metals like steels. It then defines different types of steels based on carbon content, including plain carbon steels and alloy steels. The document outlines the classification of plain carbon steels and describes common manufacturing processes like Bessemer, open hearth, electric arc furnace. It also discusses stainless steels, their composition diagrams and production methods. World steel production statistics are presented along with microstructure diagrams of plain carbon steels and the iron-carbon phase diagram.
This document discusses the classification of steels based on their carbon content and alloying elements. It describes low carbon steels as containing less than 0.25% carbon, being tough, malleable, and ductile. Medium carbon steels range from 0.25 to 0.6% carbon and can be heat treated to increase strength. High carbon steels contain more than 0.6% carbon. Alloying elements like manganese, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum are discussed and their effects on properties such as strength, hardness, toughness, and corrosion resistance. Common applications of different steel types are also mentioned.
This document discusses wrought metal alloys, including their definition, uses, and properties. It defines wrought alloys as metals that have been cold worked to change their shape and properties. Various wrought alloys are discussed, including stainless steel, cobalt-chromium-nickel alloys, nickel-titanium alloys, and beta-titanium alloys. The effects of annealing and cold working on wrought alloys are also summarized. The document concludes that the appropriate use of alloy types enhances treatment and provides optimal results.
This document discusses various alloying elements that are added to steel to improve its properties. It explains that alloying elements like manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium can increase properties like hardenability, strength, toughness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance in steel. It provides details on how different alloying elements affect the microstructure and properties of steel, including forming solid solutions, changing phase transformation temperatures, and modifying carbon solubility. Examples of various alloy steels are also summarized, such as stainless steel, tool steel, and high speed steel.
The document discusses various industrial and fertilizer materials. It covers the classification and properties of ferrous metals including carbon steel, alloy steels, cast iron and stainless steels. It describes the composition, mechanical properties and common uses of different grades of these materials. Specific grades used in fertilizer plants are also mentioned including Cr-Mo steels, austenitic stainless steels, and duplex stainless steels used in urea services and reactors.
This document provides an overview of various engineering materials including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. It discusses several categories of ferrous alloys such as cast irons, carbon/low alloy steels, tool steels, and maraging steels. It also summarizes nonferrous alloys including aluminum alloys, and provides examples of applications for different material types and alloys.
Baja terdiri dari unsur-unsur paduan yang memerikan sifat-sifat yang berbeda dari setiap unsurnya. Berikut daftar dari unsur-unsur pembentuk baja beserta fungsi-fungsinya.
This document provides an overview of steels, including their classification, composition, microstructure, and properties. Steels are classified based on their carbon content as low carbon (<0.3% C), medium carbon (0.3-0.6% C), high carbon (0.6-1.0% C), or ultra high carbon (1.25-2.0% C) steels. Low alloy steels contain up to 2% alloying elements. High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels contain small amounts of alloying elements like niobium, vanadium, and titanium to strengthen the steel. Heat treatments like carburizing can further modify the microstructure and properties. A
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
2. INTRODUCTION
Piping Materials can be classified as
Metals (ferrous) : CS, SS, Alloy Steel
Metals (non-ferrous) : Cupro Nickel, Al
Non-metals : PVC, cement, glass
Materials are selected based on their mechanical
and metallurgical properties.
Mechanical properties: strength, ductility,
hardness, brittleness, toughness
Metallurgical properties: Chemical composition,
weldability
3. CARBON STEEL
Low Carbon Steel : C < 0.15%
Condenser Tubes : SA 179
Weldability : Excellent
Mild Steel : 0.15% < C < 0.30%
Pipes : SA 106 GR B
Weldability: Good
4. CARBON STEEL
Medium Carbon Steel : 0.3% < C < 0.5%
Machinery Parts
Weldability: Fair
High Carbon Steel : 0.5% < C < 1%
Dies & punch, Tools
Weldability: Poor
Steel : Carbon < 2%
Cast Iron : Carbon > 2%
5. Weldability
As Carbon % increases , weldability decreases
Effect of carbon & other elements on the weldability of
carbon steels can be estimated by equating them to an
equivalent amount of carbon.
Carbon Equivalent:
Ceq = C + Mn/6 + Cr + Mo+ V + Cu + Ni
5 15
Killed Steel
During Steel making process oxygen present is removed
by adding Silica (De oxidizing agent).
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12. ALLOY STEEL
Addition of elements such as Cromium, Nickel,
Molybdenum, Manganese, Silicon along with heat
treatment improves the properties of steels such
as mechanical strength, corrosion resistance,
toughness
Steel is a ferrous alloy having main constituent
Iron and other alloying elements / Impurities like
Carbon, Manganese, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Silicon,
Chromium, Nickel, Molybdenum
13. ALLOY STEEL
Solid solubility in ferrous alloys :
Interstitial solid solution :
Carbon with Iron forms interstitial solid solution
(Carbon steel)
Substitutional solid solution :
Cromium and Nickel with iron forms Substitutional
solid solution (Stainless steel)
Low alloy steels :
Alloying elements < 5%
High alloy steels :
Alloying elements > 5%.
14. STAINLESS STEEL
Alloy of iron with Cromium content more than
11% and less than 30% and other alloying
elements Nickel, Molybdenum etc is called
stainless steel.
Stainless steel has excellent resistant to
corrosion.
Stainless steel becomes corrosion resistant
(passive) because of formation of un-reactive
film which adheres tightly to the surface of metal.
This can be chromium oxide (Cr2O3) film that
acts as a barrier protecting metal against
corrosion.
15. EFFECT OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS
Chromium : Increases resistance to Oxidation.
Nickel : Increases resistance to mineral acid,
produces tightly adhering high temperature
oxides.
Molybdenum: Increases resistance to chloride.
Copper : Increases resistance to sulphuric acid.
Titanium : Stabilize carbides to prevent formation of
chromium carbide
Niobium : Stabilize carbides to prevent formation of
chromium carbide
19. STAINLESS STEEL
Alloying constituents
200 Series : Cr. Ni - Mn group
( Mn replaces a portion of Ni)
300 Series : Cr - Ni group
400 Series : Straight Chromium Group
( Cr < 30%)
20. STAINLESS STEEL
Metallurgical microstructure.
Austenitic SS:
Alloy of Cr, Ni, Fe
Non Magnetic
High Corrosion resistance at temp up to 1500F
Hardenable by cold working
Crystallographic form-Face centered Cubic lattice
(fine grain structure)
Possess high impact strength at low temp
Ex: Type 304, 304L,316,316L
21. STAINLESS STEEL
Ferritic SS:
Alloy of Cr, Fe
Magnetic
Non Hardenable by heat treatment
Crystallographic form- Body centered cubic lattice
(coarse grain structure)
For marine application. (10.5% Cr alloy with no nickel)
Contains high carbon, therefore brittle & relatively poor
corrosion resistance
Has resistance to chlorides stress corrosion cracking
Ex: Type 409, 430, 439
22. STAINLESS STEEL
Martensitic SS.
High hardness (carbon added to the alloy)
Corrosion resistant
Heat treatable to high hardness level
Crystallographic form-distorted lattice
Type 410,420.
23. STAINLESS STEEL
Precipitation Hardened SS
Magnetic
Heat treatable to high strength.
Weldable and corrosion resistant similar to type
304
Ex:-17-7PH, 17-4PH
24. STAINLESS STEEL
Duplex SS
Contain both Austenite & Ferrite in microstructure. Ni (4 to
7%).
When ferrite- Resistant to chloride stress corrosion cracking.
When Austenite-Sensation to chloride stress corrosion
cracking.
High strength, Good corrosion resistance
Ex: Alloy 2205, Alloy 255
25. STAINLESS STEEL
3. Degree of sensitization of grain boundaries
GROUP 1
SS grade 304,316,309,310.
They are susceptible to sensitization.
(During welding, flame cutting)
26. STAINLESS STEEL
GROUP 2
Stabilized stainless steel type 321 &347
Grain boundaries sensitization eliminated by alloying
elements like Titanium or Columbium. (Because
Titanium or Columbium forms carbides first).
Columbium (Type 347) is stronger stabilizing agent than
Ti (Type 321), Hence Type 347 is superior to 321
27. STAINLESS STEEL
GROUP 3
Extra low carbon stainless steel Type 304L, 316L
Can be stress relieved, welded & cooled slowly without
significantly increasing their susceptibility to IGC.
28. 1) Austenitic SS
Type 304 S 30,400 75,000 30,000 30 29,000,000 80 RB
Type 304L S 30,403 70,000 25,000 35 29,000,000 75 RB
Type 316 S 31,600 75,000 30,000 30 28,000,000 80 RB
Type 316 L S 31,603 70,000 25,000 35 28,000,000 75 RB
2) Ferritic SS
Type 430 S 43,000 60,000 30,000 20 29,000,000 85 RB
Type 439 S 43,035 60,000 30,000 20 29,000,000 90 RB
Type 409 S 40,900 55,000 30,000 20 29,000,000 85 RB
3) Duplex SS
Alloy 2205 S 31,805 90,000 65,000 25 29,000,000 30 RC
70 Mo Plus S 32,950 90,000 70,000 20 29,000,000 30 RC
Alloy 255 S 32,550 1,10,000 80,000 15 30,500,000 32 RC
4) Martensitic SS
Type 410 S 41,000 1,90,000 1,50,000 15 29,000,000 41 RC
Type 420 S 42,000 2,40,000 2,00,000 5 29,000,000 55 RC
Type 440L S 44,050 2,80,000 2,70,000 2 29,000,000 60 RC
5) Precipitatim SS
17.7 PH S 17,700 2,10,000 1,90,000 5 32,500,000 48 RC
17.4 PH S 17,400 1,90,000 1,70,000 8 28,000,000 45 RC
Custom 455 S 45,500 2,30,000 2,20,000 10 29,000,000 48 RC
ALLOYS UNS NO HARDNESS
PROPERTIES OF STAINLESS STEEL ALLOYS
Elongation
(%) min
YS
( PSI)
UTS
(PSI)
MODULUS
OF
ELASTICITY
29. ASTM / ASME Nomenclature
Materials are listed based on their known chemical
composition, manufacturing processes, mechanical
strength etc, in different codes i.e,ASTM, ASME, DIN,
MSS etc, and common UNS number
ASTM Standard gives various details of materials like
manufacturing process, Grades, Chemical Composition,
and Mechanical Properties.
ASME Code accepts the ASTM materials with some
additional specified properties.
30. ASTM / ASME Nomenclature
SA 312 TP 304
S : ASME approved Material
A : Ferrous
312 : Manufacturing Process No.
TP : Tubular Product
304 : Grade
SA 234 GR WPB
S : ASME approved Material
A : Ferrous
234 : Manufacturing Process No.
GR : Grade.
WP : Wrought Product
B : Grade
31. ASTM / ASME Nomenclature
SA 350 LF 2 : Low Temperature Forging Grade 2
SA 216 WCB: Weldable Casting Grade B
SA 335 P 11 : Pipe Grade 11
SA 182 Gr F11 : Forging Grade 11
SA 351 Gr CF 8 : Centrifugal Cast, Carbon % - 0.08%
SA 351 Gr CF 3 : Centrifugal Cast, Carbon % - 0.03%
SA 351 Gr CF 8M : Centrifugal Cast, Carbon % - 0.08%, Mo
SA 351 Gr CF 3M : Centrifugal Cast, Carbon % - 0.03%, Mo
32. CORROSION
Corrosion is the tendency of any metal to return to its most
stable thermodynamic state i.e. state with most negative
free energy formation. . More simply stated, it is a chemical
reaction of metal with environment to form an oxide,
carbonate, sulphate or other stable compound.
Corrosion is broadly classified into two categories:
Low temperature corrosion (corrosion at room
temperature and below)
High temperature corrosion (corrosion at elevated
temperature including molten metal.)
34. INTER GRANULAR CORROSION
During Welding:- ( at Temp. 800-1600 F ), Carbon
molecules diffuse to grain boundary & precipitate
out of solid solution as chromium carbide at the
grain boundaries. This result in the depletion of
chromium content in the thin envelope
surrounding each grain, Hence Stainless Steel
becomes susceptible to Inter Granular Corrosion
& is said to be sensitized.
Corrosion property of sensitized steel can be
restored by desensitization i.e. heat above 1600
F, & rapid cooling.
Testing Standard: IGC Practice A/B/C/D/E
35. SULPHIDE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING
A cracking process that requires simultaneous
action of corrodant and sustained tensile stress.
Testing Standard: NACE TM- 01/77
Reporting of test result: Curve shall be reported as
per NACE-TM-01-77 for various stress level
between 72%and 90% of SMYS.
Acceptance Criteria: At 72 % SMYS, time of failure
shall not be less than 720 hrs.
36. HYDROGEN INDUCED CRACKING
Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) is also known as cold
cracking, delayed cracking or under bead cracking
HIC occurs in piping or vessel as a result of hydrogen pick
up in service
It occurs in steels during steel manufacturing, during
fabrication, and in service. It occurs as a result of welding,
the cracks are sited either in HAZ of parent material or in
the weld metal it self.
Testing Standard: NACE TM- 02/84
37. NACE
NACE: National Association of Corrosion Engineers
NACE Standard gives chemical composition, Manufacture, Fabrication
& testing Requirements for Steels intended to be used for Sour
Service environment
Sour service Requirements
Steel shall be manufactured by Basic Oxygen Process or Electric arc
furnace
Steel to be Killed & fine grained
Materials shall be in Normalized Condition
Nickel % limited to < 1%
Carbon content< 0 .23%
Carbon Equivalent < 0.43%
Hardness < 22 HRC
Sulpher content< 0.002%
38. Material Selection Criteria
Service media
Corrosive-sea water, H2S, Ammonia
Non Corrosive
Temperature
Cryogenic
Low temperature
Medium temperature
High temperature
Pressure
Low pressure
High pressure
Standard
Material specification
Additional requirements
Economy
Cost
Availability
Weldability
Manufacturability
39. Material Selection for Temperature
SERVICE
TEMPERATURE (°F) PLATE PIPE FORGING
PRESSURE
BOLTING
C
R
Y
O
G
E
N
I
C
T
E
M
P
(-425) – (-321)
SA 240 types
304, 304L, 347
SA 312 types
304,304L, 347
SA 182 grades
F304, F304L,
F347
Bolts: SA 320 gr. B8
strain. Hardened
Nuts: SA 194 gr.8
(S5 SA 20)
(-320) – (-151)
SA 240 types 304,
340L, 316, 316L
SA 353
SA 312 types
304, 304L, 316,
316L
SA 182 grades
F304, F304L,
F316
40. Material Selection for Temperature (Continued…)
SERVICE
TEMPERATURE (°F)
PLATE PIPE FORGING
PRESSURE
BOLTING
L
O
W
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
(-150) – (-76) SA 203 GR.D OR E SA 333 GR.3 SA 350 GR.
LF3
BOLTS: SA 320
GR.L7
NUTS: SA 194
GR.4
(-75) – (-51) SA 203 GR.A OR B SA 333 GR.3 SA 350 GR.
LF3
(-50) – (-21) SA 516 ALL
GRADES IMPACT
TESTED
SA 333 GR.1
SA 350 GR.
LF1 OR LF2
(-20) – (+4) SA 516 ALL
GRADES OVER 1 IN.
THICK IMPACT
TESTED
SA 53
(SEAMLESS) OR
SA 106
BOLTS: SA 193
GR.B7
NUTS: SA 194
GR.2H
(+5) – (+32) SA 516 ALL
GRADES OVER 1 IN.
THICK IMPACT
TESTED
41. Material Selection for Temperature (Continued…)
SERVICE
TEMPERATURE (°F) PLATE PIPE FORGING
PRESSURE
BOLTING
I
N
T
E
R
M
E
D
I
A
T
E
T
E
M
P
(+33) – (+60)
SA 285 GR.C, ¾ IN.
THK. MAX.
SA 515 GR.55, 60,
65, 1.5IN. THK. MAX.
SA 516 ALL
GRADES, ALL THK.
SA 53 (SEAM
LESS) OR SA
106
SA 181 GR.I
OR II
SA 105 GR.I
OR 11
Bolts: SA 193 gr.
B7
Nuts: SA 194 gr.
2H
(+61) – (+775)
SA 285 GR.C, ¾ IN.
THK. MAX.
SA 515 GR.55, 60,
65, 1.5IN. THK. MAX.
SA 516 ALL
GRADES, ALL THK.
SA 204 GR.B ALL
42. Material Selection for Temperature (Continued…)
SERVICE
TEMPERATURE (°F)
PLATE PIPE FORGING
PRESSURE
BOLTING
E
L
E
V
A
T
E
D
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
(+776) – (+875) SA 204 GR.B OR C SA 335 GR.P1 SA 182
GR.F1
BOLTS: SA 193
GR.L7
NUTS: SA 194
GR.2H
(+876) – (+1000) SA 387 GR.11 CL1
SA 387 GR.12 CL.1
SA 335 P11
SA 335 P12
SA 182 GR.
F11
SA 182 GR.
F12
(+1000)– (+1100) SA 387 GR.22 CL1 SA 335 P22
SA 182 GR.22
SA 193 GR.B5
SA 194 GR.3
(+1100)– (+1500) SA 240 TYPES 304,
316, 321, 347,
347PREFERED
SA 312 TYPES
304H, 316H, 312,
347H
SA 182
GRADES
304H, 316H,
321H, 347H
SA 193 GR.B8
SA 194 GR.8
ABOVE +1500 TYPE 310
STAINLESS
INCOLOY
43. GROUPING OF MATERIALS
Base Metal Type
P1 : Carbon Steel
P3, P4,P5 : Alloy Steel
P6, P7 : Ferritic & Martensitic Steel
P8 : Austenitic Stainless Steel
P9 : Nickel Steel
P10, P11 : Quenched & Tempered Steel
44. MATERIAL AND ITS SPECIFICATIONS
DESCRIPTION CS AS SS DSS
PIPE A 106 GR B A 335 GR P11 A 312 TP 316 A 790 UNS S31803
BW FITTINGS A 234 GR WPB A 234 GR WP 11 A 403 WP 316 A 815 UNS S 31803
FORGED
FLANGES/
FITTINGS
A 105 A 182 GR F11 A 182 GR F 316 A 182 GR F 51
UNS S 31803
FASTNERS A 193 GR B7/
A 194 GR 2H
A 193 GR B16/
A 194 GR 2H
A 193 GR B7M/
A 194 GR 2HM
A 453 GR 660 CL A
PLATES A 516 GR 70 A 387 GR 11 A 240 GR 316 A 240 UNS S 31803