This document summarizes synthetic pyrethroids, a class of insecticides. It begins by classifying all insecticides and noting where synthetic pyrethroids fall. It then compares natural pyrethrins to synthetic pyrethroids. Examples of major synthetic pyrethroids are provided, along with their formulations and target insects. The document discusses the extraction of natural pyrethrins from chrysanthemum flowers and the modes of action of synthetic pyrethroids. It concludes with symptoms of poisoning and examples of common synthetic pyrethroid compounds.

2. TERM PAPER ON
SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS
Course Incharge:
Dr.Sridharan sir,
Department of Agricultural Entomology,
CPPS ,TNAU.

3. POSITION OF SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS IN INSECTICIDES
CLASSIFICATION
INSECTICIDES
I II
INORGANIC
INSECTICIDES
FLOURINE COMPOUNDS
ARSENIC COMPOUNDS
BORAX, SULPHUR, LIME, ZINC PHOSPHIDE
ORGANIC INSECTICIDES
II.A II.B
NATURAL ORGANIC INSECTICIDES SYNTHETIC ORGANIC INSCTICIDES
1.Dinitro phenols eg. DNOC
2.Organothiocyanates eg. thanite
3.Chlorinated hydrocarbon eg. endosulfan, chlordane
4.Organophosphorus eg. phosphamidon
5.Carbamates eg. carbofuron, aldicarb
Hydrogen oils
Animal origin
Neristoxin
Plant origin
Nicotine,
pyrethrum,
Rotenone Derris Neem 6.Synthetic pyrethroids eg.
cypermethrin, fenvaletate

4. ?

5. PYRETHRINS PYRETHROIDS
 Pyrethrins are the active
chemicals in pyrethrum, and
are 100% natural
 Pyrethroids are synthetic, or
man-made, versions of Pyrethrins.
 Pyrethrum is composed of 6
esters (collectively called
the Pyrethrins), all of which
have insecticidal properties.
This means that
the pyrethrum is attacking the
insect on 6 different fronts,
using 6 different insecticides.
 Pyrethroids, which are synthetic,
are composed of only one chemically
active compound.

6.  Pyrethrins have a unique
ability to induce excitation
behaviour in insects,
characterized by erratic and
increased movement by insects.
This has the benefit of 'flushing'
the insects out of hiding places,
resulting in increased exposure
to the Pyrethrins
 Synthetic Pyrethroids do not
have this flushing effect
Pyrethrins are naturally
broken down by UV rays and
PH variances and therefore
have shorter environmental
persistence.
 synthetic Pyrethroids are
manufactured to overcome the
that problem.

7. EXAMPLES
COMPONENTS OF PYRETHROIDS

8. I. PYRETHRINS
ANALOGUE
II.SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS

9. PYRETHRINS
ACID + ALCOHOL
6 ESTERS NATURAL

10. SOURCES OF PYRETHRINS
Achenes of the chrysanthemum
FAMILY : Compositae / Asteraceae

11. Sources of different species:
1. Chrysanthemum cinerariefolium
2. C . coccineum
3. C.roseum
4. C.marshalli
5. C.tamrutene
The original home of pyrethrum is said to be East or Middle East
countries.In the 19th century it was introduced to U.S.A., Japan, U.K.,
Africa and South America. At the beginning of 20th century, Dalmatia
and adjoining countries became leading producers. In 1941, Japan
became the leading producer. However, at present, the principal
producer of pyrethrum is KENYA. Other countries producing
pyrethrum are Congo, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Equador and Brazil .

12. In INDIA also pyrethrum is grown to a
small extent in the
1. Hilly belts of Assam
2. Himalyan mountain range of J & K
3. Nilgiri areas of Tamil Nadu

13. Chrysanthemum coccineum
Chrysanthemum cinerariefolium

14. Chrysanthemum roseum
Chrysanthemum marshalli

15. EXTRACTION OF
PYRETHRUM
METHOD I
METHOD II

16. METHOD I

17. Pyrethrum is present in the Achenes of flower heads The
content is maximum when the flowers are in full bloom stage
flowers are harvested by handpicking
They are then dried at 54.4 0C and compressed. In the
industries the dried and compressed flowers are ground to a
fine powder.
The powder / dust can be used as an
insecticide.

18. METHOD II

19. The toxicant can be extracted by extracting with an organic
solvent like Isopropanol,acetone or odor less kerosene.
The solvent is repeatedly percolated through the powder
and the weak extract is evaporated in a vacuum still to get
concentrated extract
The concentrated extract together with an emulsifier
is sold in the market for the use.

20. Also, the concentrated extract can be mixed
uniformly with an inert carrier like benonite clay,
charcoal powder, diatomaceous earth
The mixture can be used as a ready to use low
power dust.

21. PYRETHRUM
 Amber coloured viscous liquid
 Insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents
 An exposure to sunlight, it is degraded to nontoxic
products in no time i.e., highly photodegradable. This is
what restricts the use of natural pyrethrum in out door
agriculture.
 On prolonged storage, pyrethrum looses its
insecticidal action due to degradation by oxidation
.Hence; antioxidants like hydroquinolene are added to
increase the life.
 I t Is Easily decomposed by acid, alkali or even by
moisture on long standing to produce primary
constituents
 It is nonvolatile, hence non-fumigant action.

22. II.SYNTHETIC
PYRETHROID

23. Mode of action

24. STIMULI
1.Resting state
2.Depolarization
3.Repolarization

26. Synthetic pyrethroids
commercial -compounds

27. COMPOUNDS OF SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS
1.Allethrin
10.fenprothrin
2.cypermethrin
11.Fenvelarate
3.Cyfluthrin
4.Lambda cyhalothrin
12.Permethrin
5.Cypermethrin
13.Prallethrin
6.Delatmethrin
14.Transfluthgrin
7.Imiprothriin
15.Etofenprox
8.Bifenthrin
9.Cyphenothrin

28. 1 .Allethrin
Alleviate
Pynamin
D-cisallethrin
Bioallethrin
Esbiothrin
Pyresin
Pyrexcel
Pyrocide
Raid
Thermacell
Flies
mosquitoes
FORMULATIONS : 0.5% COIL,2%-4% MAT,0.5%AEROSOL,
3.6% LIQUID

29. RAID
THERMACELL

30. KILMOS FAVORIT

31. 2.CYPERMETHRIN
LEAF EATING CATERPILLRS BOLLWORMS
STORAGE
PESTS
Trade Names:
HIPOPWER
100 DUO INSECTICIDE
VIPER
SUPERMETHRIN
ALPHA CYPER
ALFAGIN
FORMULATIONS:
10% EC
+
25% EC
0.2-1.0% DP
1% CHALK
3% smoke
generator

32. INSECTICIDE LABELS
HIPOPWER 100 DUO INSECTICIDE

33. VIPER SUPERMETHRIN

34. ALPHA CYPER ALFAGIN

35. ETHRIN CYPER TC

36. 3.CYFLUTHRIN
Trade names
BAYTHROID
SIBA -5W
HOCKLEY-CYFLUTHRIN
DECATHLON,
TEMPO 2
FORMULATIONS
10% WP
AEROSOLS
MOSQUITOES
HOUSE FLY
COCKROACH

37. BAYTHROID SIBA -5W

38. HOCKLEY
CYFLUTHRIN

39. 4.LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN Formulations:5%
EC,10%WP,0.5%CHALK
LEPIDOPTERAN CATERPILLARS PUBLIC HEALTH PESTS

40. BEMAR
IPL LAMBDA
LAMBDA MAGIC

41. AVON-25 LAMBDATHRIN

42. 5.DELTA METHRIN
Trade Names
BLAST
DELTAHIT
DOSE
HOUSEHOLD PESTS
MOSQUITOES
ANIMAL ECTOPARASITES
CATERPILLARS
DOSE
FORMULATIONS
2.5% SC
2.5% WP
0.5% CHALK
25% TABLET
11%EC

43. BLAST DELTAHIT

44. FENPROPATHRIN
BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER
BRINJAL MITE
CHILLI THRIPS
FORMULATION : 10%- 30% EC
TAME

45. PERMETHRIN
1.LEPIDOPTERAN LARVAE
2.ECTOPARASITES OF ANIMALS
3.PUBLICaq HEALTH AND
HOUSEHOLD PESTS
PERMETHRIN SFR
Formulation : 25% EC 5% SMOKE GENERATOR
AMBUSH, POUNCE

46. FENVALERATE
FORMULATION : 25%EC AND
0.4%DP
IT CONTROLS THE PUBLIC AND ANIMAL ECTOPARASITES , CATERPILLARS

47. PRALLETHRIN
& TRANSFLUTHRIN
The only insecticide
which can act at lower
concentration than the
other pyrethroids
FORMULATIONS
0.04% AND 0.05% COIL
0.08%,1%,1.2% MAT
2.4% L
19% VP
VLIDO NINIA

48. ETOPENPROX
FORMULATIONS :10% EC
20%WP
IT IS NON EASTER
PYRETHROID
RICE BPH
RICE LEAFHOPPER

49. SYMPTOMS OF POISONING
Symptoms of synthetic pyrethroid poisoning may include one
or many of the following:
 stuffy, runny nose - headache, fever
 wheezing, coughing - sensation of swelling or tightness in
the chest tremors - irregular heartbeat
 Extreme weakness – nausea
Effects to the eyes may include:
 Blurred or dark vision
 Redness caused by stinging
 Extensive tearing

50. How to idetify synthetic
pyrethroid ?
-thrin
1.cypermethrin
2.cypermethrin
3.Cyfluthrin
4.Lambda cyhalothrin
5.Cypermethrin
6.Delatmethrin
7.Imiprothriin
8.Bifenthrin
9.Cyphenothrin
-ate
Fenvalerate

52. Thank you
PRESENTED BY
S.SRINIVAS NAIK
ID.NO:13-503-010