Here I would like to introduce the house fly term paper presentation in sequel to my old term papers. I hope it will enhance your understanding on the urban pest House fly

1. WEL COME
SSNAIK

2. TERM PAPER PRESENTATION
ON
URBAN PEST-HOUSEURBAN PEST-HOUSE
FLYFLY
ENT 615
DOEMISTIC, VETERINARY AND MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
CPPS,TNAU,
COIMBATORE-641 003
NAME :SABHAVAT SRINIVASNAIK
ID. NO: 2015800506
YEAR: I Ph. D (2015)
DEPT.: AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY

3. Introduction
Conclusion
PART I
PART II
PART III
INDEX
Common house fly
Little house fly
Integrated Fly Management

4. INTRODUCTIO
N
PART I

5. INTRODCUTION
 Which insect described as true fly ?
 Dragonflies, mayflies, fireflies, caddisflies, butterflies etc.,
 HOUSE FLY-TRUE FLY / Two winged flies
 Cosmopolitan pest
 Farm and home /urban pest
 Nuisance and disease causing insects
 vectors of over 100 human and animal pathogenic organisms
 36, 83, 000 bacteria-slum
 19, 41,000 bacteria -cleaner
 Potential threat to the human and the animals
 Filth fly/ Synanthropic fly

6. TAXONOMIC POSITION
Taxonomic position
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum : Arthropoda
Class : Insecta
Order : Diptera
Family : Muscidae
Genus : Musca
Species : domestica
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
Order: Diptera
Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapha
Tipuloidea
Psychodoidea
Culiodea
Anisopodoidea
Bibionoidea
mycetophiloidea
Tabanoidea
Asiloidea
Empidoidea
Lonchopteroidea
Phoroidea
Syrphoidea
Micropezoidea
Nothyboidea
Otioidea
Sciomyzoidea
Lauxanioidea
Pallopteroidea
Anthomyzoidea
Agromyzoidea
Choloropoidea
Drosophiloidea
Muscoidea
Calliphoroidea
Greek meaning ‘di’- two, ‘ptera’- wings
Fouth largest order of insects
Higly structurally evolved order

7. DIFFERENTIATION
Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapha
 Thread horn
 Antennae is long
 Larval head-developed
 Mandibulate MP
 Obtect pupa
 Straight split
 Short horn
 Antennae is short
 Retractile head
 Mandibulate MP
 Exarate pupa
 Straight split
 Circular crack
 Antennae is aristate
 Larval head-vestigial
 Mouth hooks
 Coarctate pupa
 Circular split
 Ptilinum

9. Nematocera
Brachycera
Cyclorrhapha
……………………………………………………………………………………………………......…

12. COMMON SPECIES

13. PART II
COMMON HOUSE FLY
LITTLE HOUSE FLY

14. HOUSE FLY
Taxonomic position
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum : Arthropoda
Class : Insecta
Order : Diptera
Family : Muscidae
Genus : Musca
Species : domestica

15. Short, aristate antenna, plumose
Compound eyes are large
Sponging type of mouth parts.
Telescopic last abdominal segments
Pseudo ovipositor
Body covered with the hairs
abdominal segments yellowish in colour
Single pair of membranous wings
Prothorax
Mesothorax
Meta thorax
Reduced wing traceation
Tarsus 5 segmented

16. How can we differentiate a female and male house fly ?
Male
Female

17. 1. Labellum
2. Lower lip (labium)
3. Maxillary palp
4. upper lip (labrum)
5. Subgenal area
6. Clypeus
7. Fronto-orbital area
8. Fronto-orbital bristles
9. Outer vertical bristle
10. inner vertical bristle
11. postocellar bristles
(postvertical bristles in old literature)
12. Ocelli
13. Ocellar bristles
14. compound eye
15. Frontal suture or ptilinal suture
16. antenna
17. Arista
18. Vibrissa
HOUSE FLY MOUTH PARTS AND ITS FEEDING MECHANISM

18. FEEDING MECHANISM

19. Heaps of accumulated animal faeces
Moisture (not too wet),
Texture (not too solid) and
Freshness (normally within a week after deposition).
BREEDING SITES
Garbage and waste from food processing
Garbage provides the main medium for breeding.
It includes waste associated with the
Preparation of the food
Cooking and serving of food at home and in public places, handling,
Storage and sale of food,
Fruits and vegetables markets
Dung

20. BREEDING SITES
Sewage
 Houseflies also breed in sewage sludge and solid organic waste in
open drains, cesspools (underground pools for household
sewage) and cesspits.
Accumulated plant materials
 Piles of decaying grass clippings, compost heaps and other
accumulations of rotting vegetable matter serve as good
breeding places for flies

22. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
House flies are strongly suspected of transmitting at least
65 diseases to humans, including typhoid fever, dysentery,
cholera, poliomyelitis, yaws, anthrax, tularemia, leprosy
and tuberculosis
Houseflies can transmit intestinal worms, or their eggs

23.  This common fly originated
on the steppes of central
Asia,
 Now occurs on all inhabited
continents,
 All climates from tropical to
temperate, and in a variety
of environments ranging
from rural to urban.
 It is commonly associated
with animal faeces, but has
adapted well to feeding on
garbage, so it is abundant
almost anywhere people
live.
DISTRIBUTION

24. DISPERSAL
 House flies will disperse all directions from a single source in urban areas;
 Dispersal is tied to food availability and flies tend to stay at food source
(only 8-30% disperse beyond source dairy or poultry facility) (38% disperse
beyond 1 mile or more from woodland release site)
 Facility clean-out and spreading manure on fields can be major times for fly
dispersal
 Rate of dispersal increases above 53° F and when breeding materials are
scarce
 Flies move upwind with steady 2-7 mph wind as they move towards attractive
sites, otherwise movement is non-directional “random”; another study
threshold was 10 mph for directed movement
 Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO) can increase local fly
densities

25. DISPERSAL
Stafford, 2008

26. COMPARISON OF DISPERSAL BETWEEN RURAL, URBAN AND FARM
AREAS
Stafford, 2008

27. BIOLOGY & LIFE CYCLE
Their thorax is gray, with four
longitudinal dark lines.
The underside abdomen -yellow,
Body covered with hair.
4-5 days period
500 eggs (5-6 batches)
12-24 Hours
Rice grain like
 Holometabolous development
Cylindrical shape
Tapering anteriorly
Spiracular plates
Creamy white colour
Muscalure, (Z)-9-tricosene
Puparium
3-4 days
Puparium 2-4 weeks in summer
longer in cooler weather
Diurnal active fliers
Ceiling, roofs, walls, posts and
other surfaces

28. COMPARISON BETWEEN THE INDOOR AND OUT DOOR MANURE
PITS

29. BREEDING AND PUPATION ZONE

30. CHANGES IN THE PUPA
yellow, red, brown, to black

31. TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE HOUSE FLY
Stafford, 2008

32. TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON THE ADULT FLY ACTIVITY

33. LESSER HOUSE
FLY
Taxonomic position
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum : Arthropoda
Class : Insecta
Order : Diptera
Family : Muscidae
Genus : Fannia
Species : carnicularis

34.  Lesser house fly was first recorded in Hawaii in 1901
 Frequently encountered in poultry houses.
 They have an erratic flight pattern
 Flying in large numbers around indoor light fittings.
 Tolerant of cool conditions
 This species survives the winter mainly in the form of pupae,
 adults remain active and reproduce throughout the year in warm conditions
 Makes longer flights and spends less time resting
 Females of the species tend to remain near the breeding sites and
 Only the males migrate
 Less prone to transmit disease
INTRODUCTION

35. BREEDING MATERIAL
Poultry manure
Moist decaying organic material

36. BIOLOGY AND LIFE CYCLE
 Holometabolous development

37. DIFFERENCES
.......................................................................................
.
COMMON HOUSE FLY LESSER HOUSE FLY
 They are highly active indoors
 Intolerant to cooler conditions
 Generally manure, garbage and
decaying organic materials
 Less flights maximum 8 km
 No erratic flight movement
 Spending more time in the resting
 Females will do the migration
 Around indoor light fittings
 Tolerant to cooler conditions
 Mainly poultry manure and other
decaying organic material
 Longer flights more than 8 km
 Erratic flight behaviour-circular flights
 Spending more time in the flight than
the resting
 Males will do the migration than the
females
General :

38. DIFFERENCES ………………….
.......................................................................................
.
Biology & Life cycle:
 Blackish- gray fly with the mottled
yellow abdomen
 No dark stripes down its back
 Smaller that the common house fly
 Wings are overlapping V shape
 Fourth longitudinal vein straight
 Larva is brownish in colour
 Life cycle completes 15-30 days
 10 days old
 Grayish fly with yellowish
abdomen
 Four dark stripes
 Bigger than the little house fly
 Wings no over lapping
 Fourth longitudinal vein curved
 Larva is creamy white in colour
and cylindrical in shape
 Life cycle completes within 6-10
days
 48 hours after emergence
oviposition

39. DIFFERENCES ………………….
.......................................................................................
.
Biology & Life cycle:
 Pearly white cylindrical eggs
 Eggs cannot have the mechanism
to float in the liquid medium
 No hairy protuberances present on
the maggot
 Banana shaped eggs
 Eggs longitudinal stripes so that they
can float on the liquid medium
 Hairy protuberances present on the
maggot and flattened with numerous
spines

40. DIFFERENCES ………………….
.......................................................................................
.

41. DIFFERENCES ………………….
.......................................................................................
.

42. DIFFERENCES ………………….
.......................................................................................
.

43. INTEGRATED
FLY MANAGEMENT
Cultural manure control
Mechanical control
Biological control
Chemical control

44. CULTURAL CONTROL
 First step is the removal of the maggot food source/ breeding material
 Removal of wet manure twice in a week
 The manure can be spread or the added to the liquid medium
 Wet straw, shredded paper, coarse saw dust should not be piled up near the
buildings
 Maintain the moist levels low below 50 percent by leaking or the ventilation

45. CULTURAL CONTROL …..

46. CULTURAL CONTROL
 Remove the garbage regularly
 The garbage cans should have tight fitting lids, should be cleaned regularly
and located far from the doors
 Exterior lights should be sodium vapour type placed at least 30 feet away and
directed towards the premises

47. MECHANICAL CONTROL
 Adult flies can be trapped using the mechanical traps with adequate
numbers, right place
 Install fly entry proofing measures such as screens in all opening premises,
with 18 mesh screens, double doors, air curtains on large shutters.
 Various sticky or adhesive traps and electrocuting traps or “bug zapper
 Bait traps also effective traps
 Pheromone trap for the female adult fly using the sex attractant (Z)-9-
tricosene
 One baited trap is used approximately every 20-30 feet around the perimeter
of where the flies are resting in the morning and afternoon
 The bait material should not give foul smell
 Inverted cone traps, Light traps with ultra violet light
can be installed inside the premises
20 m

48. COMMERCIAL STICKY TRAPS AND CONTAINER TRAPS

49. EXAMPLE BAIT TRAP : BELTSVILLE BAIT TRAP

50. Adhesive ribbon Jug or bottle trap Bag trap
MECHANICAL CONTROL

52. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Macrocheles muscaedomesticae
feeding on house fly eggs
Uropodid mite
Fuscurpoda vegetans
Predators:

53. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Hister beetle, Carcinops pumilio,
Ophyra leucostoma

54. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Parasitoids:
Muscidifurax raptor female laying eggs

55. No pesticides, space sprays, residual sprays should be used inside
the premises.
If sanitation efforts are not possible, a non residual pyrethrin
aerosol / deltamethrin 2.5 WP/Flow @ 0.025% as water base or
chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 0.5% as water base will be applied out
doors by covering all breeding places, external periphery and
sewage/drains
CHEMICAL CONTROL

56. CONCLUSIO
N
PART III

57. CONCLUSION
House fly is a cosmopolitan pest associated with the
human habitations and the farm animals. They are the pioneers
in the transmission of the dangerous disease causing
pathogens because of their mode of feeding and their body
structures majorly in the urban areas. Proper control like
cultural manure management, mechanical control, biological
control and the chemical control measures based on its biology
would control the house flies. Community approach and
institutions like NGOs, awareness programmes, majorly taking
preventive measures play a vital role in their control.

58. Please keep understanding…
Flies life cycle

59. REFERENCES
FOR REFERNCES PLEASE CONTACT
sabhavats1@gmail.com

60. Thank You
Presented by
Sabhavat Srinivasnaik
ID.NO:2015800506
I Ph. D (Agrl. Entomology)