This document provides information on several entomopathogenic fungi used for microbial control of insect pests. It discusses the fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Verticillium lecanii, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, and Hirsutella thomsoni. For each fungus, it describes the target pests, mass production methods, and field application procedures. The document emphasizes that these entomopathogenic fungi are effective alternatives to chemical pesticides for controlling agricultural insect pests while causing less damage to the environment.

1. WELCOME
FFUUNNGGAALL PPAATTHHOOGGEENNSS

2. FUNGAL
PATHOGENS
FUNGAL PATHOGENS
SSNAIK
M.Sc.Scholar
TNAU,COIMBATORE

3. What is microbial control ?

4. MICROBIAL CONTROL
“Microbial control refers to the exploitation of
diseases causing organisms to reduce the
population of insect pests below the economic
injury level ”
Microorganisms

5. INFECTIOUS
AGENT
DISEASES OR
ILLNESS
DEVIATION
FROM NORMAL
PHYSIOLOGICAL
PROCESS

6. FUNGAL PATHOGEN –PLANT –HARMFUL
R
U
S
T
P
A
T
H
O
G
E
N

7. FUNGAL- PATHOGEN –INSECT –BENEFICIAL
FUNGUS
PARASITE
INSECTS
KILLS OR SERIOUSLY DISABLES

8. ENTOMOPATHOGEN-etymology
GGrreeeekk WWoorrddss
““mmiiccrroooorrggaanniissmmss wwhhiicchh aarriissee iinn iinnsseeccttss..””

9. Is Entompathogen only belongs to fungi?

10. entomophili
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC
MICRORGANISMS

11. 2.ENTOMO PATHOGENIC FUNGI
.Entomon: an insect
.Pathogen: which causes disease
.Fungi: micro fungal organism

12. INTRODUCTION
 FFIIRRSSTT ffoouunndd ppaatthhooggeennss
 DDiisseeaassee -- MMYYCCOOSSEESS
 775500/110000--ssppeecciieess
 AAttttrraaccttiivvee aalltteerrnnaattiivvee--cchheemmiiccaall
ppeessttiicciiddeess..
LLeessss ddaammaaggee ttoo tthhee
eennvviirroonnmmeenntt..

13. The place of biopesticides in
agriculture

14. Current status of biopesticides
I
(Seema Wahab, 2010)
II

15. Biopesticides
VIRUS
Bacteria I
Fungi
II
III

17. CLASSIFICATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI
1.ASCOMycetes –CORDYCEPS
2.BASIDIOMYCETES-SEPTOBASIDIUM
33..DDEEUUTTRROOMMYYCCeetteess -- AAsscchheerroossoonniiaa
BBeeaauuvveerriiaa
CCuulliinnoommyycceess
HHiirrssuutteellllaa tthhoommppssoonniiii
HH.. lloonnggiiccoollllaa
MMeettaarrhhiizziiuumm
NNoommuurraaeeaa
PPaaeecciilloommyycceess
VVeerrttiicciilllliiuumm
44..PPHHYYCCOOMMYYCCEETTEESS-- CCooeelloommoommyycceess
• EEnnttoommoopphhtthhoorraa

19. S.n
o. FUNGI TARGET PEST
1 Beauveria bassiana Cottonbollworms,Coffeeberryborer
(Coleoptera,Lepidoptera,Hemiptera and
few in Diptera ,Hymenoptera)
2 Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Lepidoptera,thysanoptera
3 Metarrhizium ansipoliae Sugarcanepyrilla,rhinocerosbeetle
(Coleoptera,Lepidoptera,Hemiptera,Dipter
a and Hymenoptera)
4 Verticillium lecanii Whiteflies,aphids and scales
5 Nomouraea rileyi H.armigera,Achaea janata,S.litura
(Lepidoptera)
6 Aschersonia aleuroides White fly(Homoptera)
7 Hirsutella thompsoni Phytophagous mites(Eriophid mites)
8 Pandora delphacis BPH,GLh of rice

20. S.N
O.
…………..
YEAR SCIENTIST AND CONTRIBUTION
01 2700BC CHINESE PEOPLE RECOGNISE DISEASES OF HONEY BEE AND
SILKWORM
02 ANCIENT
TIME
INDIAN LITERATURE REFERS THE DISEASES OF SAME INSECTS
03 SAME TIME IN EUROPE ARISTOTLE WAS THE FIRST PERSON MENTION
ABOUT THE DISEASES OF HONEY BEES
04 1835 AGOSTINO BESSI EXPERIMENT ON SILK WORM DISEASE
05 1879 E.METSCHINIKOFF(1879) EXPERIMENT CONTROL OF WHEAT
COCKCHAFER(ANISOPLIA AUSTRIACEA) ,SUGARBEET
WEEIL( CLEOMUS PUNCTIVENTRIS)

21. 4. MODE OF ACTION

22. MODE OF ACTION:
Attachment
Germination
FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS
HIGH HUMIDITY,
LOW TEMPERATURE

23. Mode of action………………..
Penetration
Proliferate
Killing
Favorable
conditions
New propagules (spores)

24. Mode of action…………………..

26. CLAMYDOSPORES
2-12 DAYS

27. TOXINS:
A substance which kills an organism
1.Catobolic toxins: result from decomposition brought about by the
activity of the pathogen eg:breakdpwn of the proteins
,carbohydrates etc.
2.Anabolic toxins:substances synthesized by the pathogen
3.Endo toxins : toxins that are produced by the pathogen and are
confined to the cell and are liberated when the pathogen dies or
disintegrates eg; bt endo toxins
4.Ectotoxins:they are excreted or passed out of the cell of the pathogen
eg; some bacteria and fungi produce exo or ecto toxins

28. ENTOMOPATHOGENIC TOXINS
1.Metarhizium anisopliae Destruxin A ,
B,C,D,E,F
2.Paecilomyces Beauvericin
3.Beauveria bassiana Beauvericin
Beauverolides
Bassinolide
4.Verticilium lecanii
Bassinolide
ECTOTOXINS

29. Beauveria bassiana
Metarhizium anisopliae
Verticillium lecanii
1.yellow to brown spots on the integument
2.swelling of posterior abdominal segments
3.covered with pale green spores
SYMPTOMS
Nomouraea rileyi

30. MASS PRODUCTION

31. FOR SUCCESSFUL
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION AND
USE OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC
FUNGI AS MYCOINSECTICIDES
ARE:

32. Rapid growth
1.FUNGAL ISOLATE High pathogenesis
To target pests
Sporulate profusely
Cheap
2.MEDIUM Easily available

33. 3.The production procedure
Easy
Production cost
low
4.Formulation
Long shelf life
No loss of infectivity
and variability-12-18
months

34. 1.Beauveria bassiana

35. B.bessiana………….
CCllaassss:: DDeeuutteerroommyycceettee ((IImmppeerrffeecctt FFuunnggii))..
TThhee ssppeecciieess iiss nnaammeedd aafftteerr tthhee IIttaalliiaann eennttoommoollooggiisstt
AAggoossttiinnoo BBaassssii
DDiissccoovveerryy:: iinn 11883355 aass ccaauussee ooff tthhee MMuussccaarrddiinnee
DDiisseeaassee OOff DDoommeessttiiccaatteedd SSiillkkwwoorrmmss ..
IItt ccaauussiinngg wwhhiittee mmuussccaarrddiinnee ddiisseeaassee
TTooxxiinn PPrroodduucceedd –– BBeeaauuvveerriicciinn,,BBaassssiiaannoolliiddee,,
IIssaarroolliiddeess,, aanndd BBeeaauuvveerroolliiddeess
nnaattuurraallllyy iinn ssooiillss
aaccttss aass aa ppaarraassiittee oonn vvaarriioouuss aarrtthhrrooppooddss

36. MASS PRODUCTION
200 g of grains in 250 g polypropalyne bags or bottles
with 190 ml of water
Sterilization at 120o C for 45 minutes
Cool and inoculate with the 5 ml fungus spore suspention
bags incubate at 25o C for 25 days
Air dried under laminar air flow 3 days at 40o C
ground to fine mixture

37. FFIIEELLDD RREELLEEAASSEE
 mmeetthhoodd:: SSpprraayyiinngg
EEmmuullssiiffiieedd SSuussppeennssiioonn
WWeettttaabbllee PPoowwddeerr..
DDoossaaggee::
11..SSppoorreess aatt 11..55kkgg//hhaa ((3300xx110099 ccoonniiddiiaa//gg))
++
22.. CChhlloorroopphhooss
@@ LLooww ddoossee iiss ffoouunnddeedd ggoooodd ffoorr rreedduucciinngg
tthhee ppeesstt
TTrraaddee nnaammeess
BBoottaanniiggaarrdd®EESS
 BBoottaanniiggaarrdd®2222WWPP
NNaattuurraalliiss
MMyyccoottrrooll

38. AAGGAAIINNSSTT
TTeerrmmiitteess
TThhrriippss
 WWhhiitteefflliieess
AApphhiiddss
GGrraasssshhooppppeerrss
BBeeeettlleess
CCaatteerrppiillllaarrss
SSiillkkwwoorrmmss
IIttss uussee iinn tthhee CCoonnttrrooll OOff MMaallaarriiaa -- TTrraannssmmiittttiinngg
MMoossqquuiittooss iiss uunnddeerr iinnvveessttiiggaattiioonn..

39. SILK WORM LARVA

40. GRASSHOPPER

41. Spodoptera litura

42. BEETLE CICADA

43. 2.Metarhizium anisopliae

44. MASS PRODUCTION
40 g of carrot bits in 250 ml of conical flask with
65 ml of water
Autoclave at 25psifor 30 minutes
Cool and inoculate with the fungus
Fungal can be applied to manure pit after a
fortnight

45. FFIIEELLDD RREELLEEAASSEE
55xx11001111 ssppoorreess// mm33 ooff FFYYMM hhaavvee ttoo
bbee iinnooccuullaatteedd ttoo aacchhiieevvee 110000%%
mmoorrttaalliittyy..

46. AGAINST
GGrruubbss OOff CCooccoonnuutt RRhhiinnoocceerrooss BBeeeettllee
GGrraasssshhooppppeerr
RRiiccee BBPPHH
SSuuggaarrccaannee PPyyrriillllaa
BBoollllwwoorrmm

47. RHINOCEROS BEETLE GRUB

48. GRASS HOPPER

49. RICE BPH

50. 3.Verticillium lecanii

51. MASS PRODUCTION
65 g of sorghum grains in 250 ml of
conical flask with 25-30 ml of distilled
water
Autoclave at 25 psi for 30 minutes
Cool and inoculate with the
fungus
Fungal culture can be used after 3
weeks of growth

52. AAGGAAIINNSSTT
ccooffffeeee ggrreeeenn ssccaallee
cceerrttaaiinn ootthheerr hhoommoopptteerraannss
TTRRAADDEE NNAAMMEESS
VVeerrttiilleecc
MMyyccoottooll
VVeerrttiisswweeeepp

53. GREEN SCALE

54. Paecilomyces ffuummoossoorroosseeuuss

55. PP.. ffuummoossoorroosseeuuss………………………………..
Most important natural enemies of whiteflies wwoorrllddwwiiddee,,
ssiicckknneessss :: ““YYeellllooww MMuussccaarrddiinnee”” ..
SSttrroonngg eeppiizzoooottiicc ppootteennttiiaall aaggaaiinnsstt BBeemmiissiiaa aanndd TTrriiaalleeuurrooddeess
sspppp.. iinn bbootthh ggrreeeennhhoouussee aanndd ooppeenn ffiieelldd eennvviirroonnmmeennttss hhaass bbeeeenn
rreeppoorrtteedd..
SSyymmppttoomm:: rroossyy--ttaann ttoo ssmmookkyy--ppiinnkk ((oorr ggrraayy)) ffuunnggaall mmaassss
PPaaeecciilloommyycceess lliillaacciinnuuss pprriinncciippaallllyy iinnffeeccttss aanndd aassssiimmiillaatteess eeggggss
ooff rroooott--kknnoott aanndd ccyysstt nneemmaattooddeess

56. AGAINST
 Lepidoptera -- SSppooddoopptteerraa lliittuurraa
 CCoolleeoopptteerraa
 TTrriicchhoopplluussiiaa nnii
 HHeelliiootthhiiss zzeeaa
 PPllaatthhyyppeennaa ssccaabbrraa
 BBoommbbyyxx mmoorrii
 AAnnttiiccaarrssiiaa ggeemmmmaattaalliiss..

57. FFIIEELLDD RREELLEEAASSEE
 PPaaeecciilloommyycceessffuummoossoorroosseeuuss
aapppplliieedd aatt aa ddiilluuttiioonn ooff 11xx110088
ssppoorreess//mmll wweerree rreeqquuiirreedd ttoo ccaauussee
ssiiggnniiffiiccaanntt rreedduuccttiioonn iinn tthhee ppeesstt
ppooppuullaattiioonn..

58. Hirsutella thomsoni
NOMENCLATURE: Approved name: Hirsutella thompsonii
SOURCE: Originally isolated from an eriophyid mite in
TamilNadu.
TARGET :PESTS: Eriophyid mites, particularly the coconut
mite (Aceria guerreronis Keifer).
TARGET :CROPS: Major crop use is in coconut plantations,
but can be used in palmyrah palm and in arecanut.

59. AGAINST
It is specific to the eriophid mites
1.coconut mite
2.Citrus rust mite
EFFICACY:
Field investigations conducted in more than 15
locations to evaluate the performance of ' Mycohit'
showed that by the 70th day of the experiment
greater than 90% mortality of the mites was observed
in coconuts sprayed twice (at 2-week intervals).

60. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND NON-TARGET
TOXICITY:
Hirsutella thompsonii is widespread in Nature
It is not pathogenic to non-target species.
 It not shown adverse effects on the
environment
Sold as a talc-based formulation coded
Formulation-moisture content of about
12%.
Tradenames: ' Mycohit' .

61. CITRUS RUST MITE

62. Coconut mite infected with Hirsutella thomsonii

63. ADVANTAGES
 Nontoxic
 Nonpathogenic
 Specific
 No residual toxicity
Can also applied at harvest stage

64.  No imDmeIdSiaAteD aVctiAonN TAGES
 Only effective to a specific group of
insects
 Each application may control part of the
insect pests
 If the other species may present they
may continue to cause damage

65. CONTRIBUTION TO FARMING SOCIETY
TNAU a biopesticide formulation based on
fusarium sp isolated from the dead mite has
been released by TNAU under the brand name
TNAU-AGROBIOCIDE to control mite
Menace in coconut

66. DIAGNOSIS OF FUNGI
Need of diagnosis of fungi:
Sometimes we may indistinguish between the two
fungal pathogens there by we canot diagnosis the
correct entomopathogenic fungi for the responsible
disease in insect
The actual cause of many diseases is difficult to
determine. Although many organisms can be isolated
from a diseased organisms tissue, their presence does
not prove that any or all of them caused the disease due
to the fact that the isolated microbe may be part of the
normal flora or transient flora of that area or a secondary

67. DIAGNOSIS OF FUNG……………………………….
The pioneering GERMAN microbiologist,
ROBERT KOCH, identified a set of four
conditions which has to be satisfied to
establish that a particular organism is the
causative agent of a particular disease.
These conditions known as Koch's
postulates are:

68. 1. The suspected pathogen must be found
associated with the disease in all the diseased
insects examined.
2. The organism must be isolated from the
diseased insect tissue and grown in pure
culture on nutrient media and its characteristics
described obligate or non obligate , and its
appearance and effects recorded.
.
Koch's postulates

69. Koch's
postulates…………….
3. When a healthy insect of the same species is
inoculated with this culture, it must produce the
disease and show the characteristic symptoms
4.The organism must be re-isolated from the
inoculated plants and must be known to be the same
pathogen as the original. If all the above steps have
been followed and proved true, then the isolated
pathogen is identified as the organism responsible for
the disease 3. When a healthy insect of the same
species is inoculated with this culture, it must
produce the disease and show the characteristic
symptoms.

70. Who is father of insect pathology ?

71. REFERENCES
BOOKS:
*PRINCIPLES OF INSECT PATHOLOGY
Dr. STEINHAUS
1.APPLED ENTOMOLOGY –D.S.REDDY
2.INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT –G.S.DHALIWAL ,R.ARORA
3.PRINCIPLES OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY-K.N.RAGUMOORTHI,
M.R.SRINIVASAN,
V. BALASUBRAMANI,
N. NATARAJAN
4.ELEMENTS OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLGY-B.
VASANTHARAJ DAVID
V.V.RAMANAMURTHY
INTERNET:
WWW.WIKIPEDIA.IN
WWW.Dr.REDDYS LABORATORIES.com
WWW.NBAII.IN.

72. Thanks a lot my course incharge
Dr . DHANDAPANI and my
friends
Presented by
S. Srinivas
naik
13-503