This document provides information on botanical insecticides. It discusses how botanical insecticides are naturally occurring chemicals extracted from various plant parts that act as insecticides. Some key botanical insecticides discussed include nicotine, pyrethrum, and neem. The document outlines the plant sources and modes of action of these insecticides. Nicotine is extracted from tobacco leaves and acts as a contact poison and fumigant. Pyrethrum comes from chrysanthemum flowers and acts as a stomach poison. Neem is derived from the neem tree and has systemic properties, preventing insect growth and reproduction. The document also notes factors that influence the effectiveness of botanical insecticides such as availability and degradation.

1. Presentation on
Botanicals
Insecticides
Submitted TO: Submitted By:
Ms.Ramandeep Kaur Naresh Bahadur Deuba

2. These insecticides are naturally occurring chemicals
extracted from seeds, flowers ,leaves,stem and roots, are
termed as botanical insecticides.

3.  Insect toxins derived from certain plants.
 Quick action on target pests.
 Broad spectrum action (non-selective).
 Do not persist in the environment.
 Factors Affecting Use of Botanical Pesticides:
 Raw material availability
 Solvent types, plant species and part of plant
 Rapid degradation
 State registration
 Market opportunities for botanical pesticides
 Weather conditions

4.  Often these plants also have other uses like household
insect or are plants with medicinal applications.
 Some of these products may be used shortly before
harvesting.
 Many of these products act very quickly inhibiting
insect feeding.
 Since most of these products have a stomach action
and are rapidly decomposed they may be more
selective to insect pests.
 Most of these compounds are not phytotoxic.

5.  Most of these products are not truly pesticides since
many are merely insect deterrents and their effect is
slow.
 They are rapidly degraded by UV light so that their
residual action is short.
 They are not necessarily available season long.
 There are no legal registrations establishing their use.
 Not all recommendations followed by growers have
been scientifically verified.

6.  The botanical pesticides are divided into two
generations:
 The 1st generation included:-
 Nicotine, Rotenone, Ryania, Pyrethrum.
 2nd generation included:-
 Synthetic Pyrethroids and Neem Products
 Potential new Botanicals:-
 Annonaceous Acetogenins, Sucrose Esters

7. Sources :Tobacco plant(Nicotiana tabacum)
Extracted from:leaves (2-8%)
Action :contact and fumigants action
Affect on :aphids thrips and caterpillars
Nicotiana tabacum

8. NICOTINE SULPHATE :is an insecticide of plant
origin. It is very effective against a wide range of
insect-pests affecting crops of economic importance as
well as on ectoparasites affecting livestock.
Mode of Action: NICOTINE SULPHATE acts upon
the central nervous system of the insects. It
has both contact as well as fumigation action.
Uses: NICOTINE SULPHATE 40% is used to kill
aphids, bugs, worms, leafhoppers and similar
sucking insects which attack and destroy fruit,
vegetables, crops and even flowers. It is also
effective against Lice, Mites and Ticks which
are a menace to livestock.

10. Derived from: Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium
Caution: Do not mix with soap!
Examples:PyGanic (5% EC, OMRI-approved),
Ever Green (6% EC)
Extracted from: Flower
Action:stomach poison
Affects on:- Caterpillars,Aphids,
Leafhoppers, Spider mites, Bugs,
Cabbage worms,Beetles

11. Mode of action:- Pyrethrum is a naturally
derived,professional-grade pesticide which
attacks the nervous system of a wide
spectrum of pest insects.
 Pyrethrum 5EC kills aphids, fruit flies,
fungus gnats, greenfly, spider mites, ticks,
tobacco beetles, whitefly, blackfly, springtails,
moths and many other garden pests.
Pyrethrum 5EC is registered as suitable for
organic and non-organic farming as it kills
pests quickly, leaves no toxic residue and
edible food crops can be safely harvested only
24 hours after application.
 Pyrethrum 5EC is a natural insecticide made
from dried Chrysanthemum flowers and it is
registered as suitable for both organic and

12. Target insects: Aphids, cucumber beetles, caterpillars...
 Best used against small-sized and immature insects.
 Short residual – reapply frequently!
Add synergist like PBO to increase efficacy.

13. Fruit quality with Pyganic
(pyrethrum)
(Cullman, AL, 2012)
Untreated check Pyganic
foliar
90% fruit
damage
30% fruit
damage

14.  Neem – derived from Persian word Asad-dilakt-I-
hind, which means free tree of India - Azadirachta
indica A. Juss.
 In India 14 million trees (1959 survey) of which 50 %
in UP. Though not a forest tree it grows wild I the
forests of AP, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
 Full-grown neem tree yields 50 kg fruit annually and
350 kg of leaves.
 India probably produces 0.7 million tones of fruits and
5 million tones of leaves every year.

15.  Almost every part of the tree is bitter and finds its
application in indigenous medicine. Oil and cosmetic
industries are the users of neem.
 The refined and purified neem seed oil has many
therapeutic properties.
 Considerable quantities of oil are used in cosmetic
preparations.
 The neem cake after oil recovery is used for slow
release of nitrogenous fertilizers.
 Neem oil contains limonoids, a class of compounds
that act as antifeedants or growth regulators in
insects.
 They do not kill instantly but wipe out a whole
generation of insects by preventing the young ones
from maturing and the adults from reproducing.

16.  Neem oil contains limonoids, a class of compounds
that act as antifeedants or growth regulators in
insects.
 They do not kill instantly but wipe out a whole
generation of insects by preventing the young ones
from maturing and the adults from reproducing.
 It is similar to the insect hormone ecdysone, which is
needed for moulting during insect development.
 It works at a concentration of 1-10 ppm by blocking
ecdysone’s action, thereby preventing the larvae from
shedding their external skeletons and maturing.
 It also prevents feeding in about 200 insects at a
concentration of 10-100 ppm.

17. Source :Neem tress
Extracted from :seed (fruit)
Action:- Systemic Poision
Affects on:- Stem borers, Bollworms, Leaf miners,
Caterpillars, Aphids, Whiteflies, Leafhoppers, Mites
and Thrips

18.  Triple Action Neem Oil is the organic way to protect
your plants. The neem oil extract is key to protecting
your plants from all manner of diseases, like mildew,
leaf spot, and blight. These can be a big problem
throughout the nation, so make sure to protect all
your plants, no matter...
 Mode of Action:-
 Neem oil is not a contact poison. It does not kill insect
pests directly. It is systemic in action, mainly affecting
the feeding as well as growth and development of
insects. Nothing will happen immediately even if you
spray the oil on them, so people often come to the
conclusion that neem oil is ineffective and just all
type.

20. Neem has systemic properties; reduced lettuce aphids
on seedlings (Palumbo et al. 2001).
 Best against immature insects as foliar spray.
Tank-mix & premixes are also effective.

21. THANK YOU